| evidence for heterosexual transmission and clinical manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection and related conditions in lusaka, zambia. | in a hospital-based survey in lusaka, zambia, 189 (17.5%) of 1078 subjects had antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the prevalence of antibodies was low in subjects aged less than 20 or greater than 60 years; in men the peak prevalence (32.9%) occurred in those aged 30-35 years, and in women (24.4%) it occurred in the 20-25 year age-group. there was no significant difference in prevalence by sex after adjusting for age. high educational level was independently associated wi ... | 1986 | 2877269 |
| cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus in lusaka, zambia. | of the 1124 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients studied, one or more cutaneous lesions were found in 113 (98.3%) of the 115 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and in 541 (53.6%) of 1009 patients with aids-related complex (arc). kaposi's sarcoma, multidermatomal, necrotic herpes zoster, and pruritic maculopapular rashes are common cutaneous manifestations of aids and its related complex (arc) in zambia. the maculopapular rash results from a lymphoplasmacytic ... | 1988 | 2971691 |
| pattern of adult malignancies in zambia (1980-1989) in light of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic. | this study analysed histopathological and haematology records of 7836 neoplasms seen during the period 1980-1989 at the university teaching hospital, lusaka, zambia. the crude incidence rate of each malignancy per 100,000 adults per year was calculated and the patterns of malignancies were compared for the periods 1980-1983 and 1984-1989, the later coinciding with the advent of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic. the six most common tumours were carcinoma of the cervix (19.6%), kapo ... | 1995 | 7636927 |
| tuberculin sensitivity and hiv-1 status of patients attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in lusaka, zambia: a cross-sectional study. | a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis (tb) in a group of zambians at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection and to examine the effect of hiv-1 infection on the tuberculin response was conducted in the university teaching hospital in lusaka, zambia during july to september 1990. patients were selected from those presenting to the out-patient clinic for first referral with either sexually transmitted or skin disease. 268 adults were i ... | 1995 | 7747304 |
| the impact of human immunodeficiency virus on response to treatment and recurrence rate in patients treated for tuberculosis: two-year follow-up of a cohort in lusaka, zambia. | to examine the effect of hiv on response to treatment and recurrence rate in patients with tuberculosis (tb), we have followed 239 previously untreated, adult, tb patients in a prospective cohort study in lusaka, zambia. one hundred and seventy-four (73%) were hiv-1 antibody positive. patients with sputum smear positive, miliary, or meningeal tb were prescribed 2 months daily streptomycin, thiacetazone, isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide followed by 6 months thiacetazone and isoniazid; others, ... | 1995 | 7861484 |
| impact of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 on common pediatric illnesses in zambia. | the seroprevalence of hiv-1 and in-patient mortality in children with common pediatric illnesses was studied. between october 1990 and july 1991 at the department of paediatrics and child health, university teaching hospital (uth), lusaka, zambia, mothers of all pediatric admissions were interviewed and counselled for enrollment of their children into the study. of a total of 1323 children seen, 1266 children (600 female and 666 male) were enrolled into the study. pneumonia (28 per cent), malari ... | 1995 | 8606443 |
| human immunodeficiency virus-associated diarrhea and wasting in zambia: selected risk factors and clinical associations. | a significant association was observed among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive adult cases in lusaka, zambia compared with hiv-negative controls for chronic diarrhea (68% versus 22%; p < 0.05), weight loss (54% versus 30%; p < 0.05), lymphadenopathy (44% versus 15%; p < 0.05), and skin eruption (33% versus 7%; p < 0.05). among the hiv-positive children, a higher proportion had clinical evidence of tuberculosis when compared with hiv-negative children (8% versus 1%; p < 0.05). the study ... | 1998 | 9684624 |
| increasing kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus seroprevalence with age in a highly kaposi's sarcoma endemic region, zambia in 1985. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is a newly discovered virus found in all forms of ks. in the united states, kshv infection appears to be most common amongst individuals at high-risk for ks. preliminary data from africa suggest that kshv infection may be much more common in the general population. | 1998 | 9792393 |
| the effects of bcg immunization and human immunodeficiency virus infection on dual skin test reactions to purified protein derivative and mycobacterium avium sensitin among adults in zambia. | university hospital in lusaka, zambia. | 1999 | 10094328 |
| property-grabbing: why zambia needs stronger laws to protect widows' rights. | zambian widows, after the deaths of their husbands, face the loss of property and children at the hands of their in-laws. those whose husbands have died of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), who are themselves infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), are treated the worst. about half of the cases seen by counselors at the center run by the young women's christian association in lusaka are fighting legal battles against their families from their beds. traditionally in africa, ... | 1994 | 12288155 |
| zambia: a church where brothers are not brothers. | george grew up with no family and attended a catholic mission high school in zaire. he joined an order of brothers in kabwe in the copperbelt of zambia. in december, 1992, the order required him to undergo an hiv test. in february, 1993, when on holiday, he received a letter' from a superior informing him that he was hiv positive. the superior wrote that george was no longer an acceptable and worthy person to spread god's word, and that he was expelled from the order. yet, he had behaved we ... | 1994 | 12318857 |
| epidemiological characteristics of human herpesvirus-8 infection in a large population of antenatal women in zambia. | comprehensive data describing epidemiological characteristics of the human herpesvirus-8 or kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (hhv-8 or kshv) infection among pregnant women in a central sub-saharan africa are not available. this study determined virus prevalence estimates and the risk factors associated with hhv-8 infection. cross-sectional, enrollment visit data were analyzed from a prospective cohort study of perinatal transmission of hhv-8 in lusaka, zambia. exposure data were obtained ... | 2005 | 15543582 |
| rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy at primary care sites in zambia: feasibility and early outcomes. | the zambian ministry of health has scaled-up human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) care and treatment services at primary care clinics in lusaka, using predominately nonphysician clinicians. | 2006 | 16905784 |
| the distribution of sexually-transmitted human papillomaviruses in hiv positive and negative patients in zambia, africa. | human papillomaviruses (hpv) are double-stranded dna viruses, considered to be the primary etiological agents in cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and cancers. approximately 15-20 of the 40 mucosal hpvs confer a high-risk of progression of lesions to invasive cancer. in this study, we investigated the prevalence of sexually transmitted hpvs in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive and negative patients in zambia, africa. the rate of high-risk hpv genotypes worldwide varies within each co ... | 2007 | 17634108 |
| population differences in death rates in hiv-positive patients with tuberculosis. | randomised controlled clinical trial of mycobacterium vaccae vaccination as an adjunct to anti-tuberculosis treatment in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive patients with smear-positive tuberculosis (tb) in lusaka, zambia, and karonga, malawi. | 2007 | 17945070 |
| the prevalence of the use of 'dry sex' traditional medicines, among zambian women, and the profile of the users. | concern has been voiced about the 'dry sex' practice in southern and central africa, and its possible role in the transmission of the human immuno-deficiency virus (hiv). despite this concern, there has been little information about the practice. most of the available information has been anecdotal, speculative or inadequate mainly because of cultural reluctance to discuss or investigate personal sexual issues. this article provides information about the prevalence of the practice in zambia and ... | 2009 | 19235082 |
| methods and baseline results of a repeated cross-sectional survey to assess the public health impact of antiretroviral therapy in lusaka, zambia. | although the individual-level impact of antiretroviral therapy (art) is well documented, there are few available data describing the public health impact of services for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus in resource-constrained settings. we describe the methods and baseline results of a household survey that assessed the population-level impact of the national program for hiv care in zambia and treatment in the city of lusaka. the survey was timed with the staggered expansion of ... | 2010 | 20439984 |
| opt-out provider-initiated hiv testing and counselling in primary care outpatient clinics in zambia. | to increase case-finding of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in zambia and their referral to hiv care and treatment by supplementing existing client-initiated voluntary counselling and testing (vct), the dominant mode of hiv testing in the country. | 2011 | 21556300 |