| comparison of the specificity of human and bovine tuberculin ppd for testing cattle. 2. south-eastern england. | a tuberculin testing trial was carried out in eight counties of south-eastern england to compare the specificity for bovine tuberculosis of weybridge human ppd with that of rotterdam bovine ppd. the matching of these two tuberculins for potency in naturally infected cattle had already been established, the bovine ppd being approximately one-and-a-half times more potent than the human ppd per unit of weight. in 1110 cattle in 25 herds with histories of long-standing freedom from tuberculosis and ... | 1975 | 47751 |
| mycobacterium bovis in england and wales: past, present and future. | this report reviews the literature concerning tuberculosis resulting from infection with mycobacterium bovis in man and cattle and summarises data derived from surveillance of m. bovis in england and wales from 1986 to 1990. of the 228 isolates of m. bovis examined in this period, 122 (53%) were from patients aged over 60 years and are largely the result of reactivation of infection acquired prior to the institution of control measures. however, eight isolates (3.5%) were from patients aged less ... | 1992 | 1499671 |
| antibodies to mycobacteria in healthy and tuberculous badgers from two english counties. | sera obtained from 2 groups of badgers removed in bovine tuberculosis control operations have been examined for antibodies to 11 species of mycobacteria. from animals without post mortem evidence of tuberculosis, levels of antibodies to mycobacteria were found to increase with age, and different patterns of antibodies were found in animals coming from 2 different places. some animals (5 out of 60) without evidence of progressive infection had antibodies suggesting contact with tubercle bacilli. ... | 1989 | 2697108 |
| pulmonary tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis. | during 1969-84 mycobacterium bovis was isolated from 20 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. this represented less than 1% of the total cases of respiratory tuberculosis confirmed bacteriologically at the liverpool public health laboratory during this period. all 20 patients were considered to have reactivated disease and all presented with the typical features of respiratory tuberculosis. during the same period four cases of pulmonary infection by mycobacterium africanum were recognised. this ... | 1986 | 3538491 |
| bovine tuberculosis in domestic and wild mammals in an area of dorset. i. tuberculosis in cattle. | a major outbreak of tuberculosis occurred in cattle on a farm in dorset between 1970 and 1976. six hundred and twenty-six cattle were slaughtered either because they reacted to the tuberculin test or had been exposed to infection. no source of infection was found until 1974 when badgers infected with mycobacterium bovis were first discovered. an analysis of the tuberculin test records of this herd and the six surrounding herds indicated that tuberculosis had been a sporadic problem since the ear ... | 1982 | 6752270 |
| bovine tuberculosis in domestic and wild mammals in an area of dorset. ii. the badger population, its ecology and tuberculosis status. | following a major outbreak of tuberculosis in cattle on a farm in dorset, badgers were discovered to be infected with mycobacterium bovis. two hundred and forty sets were found in the 1200 hectares of the study area. the sets were found predominantly in areas of portland sand. a high prevalence of tuberculosis was found in the badger population which was removed and repopulation prevented for 3 years. the removal of the infected badgers led to the resolution of the problem in cattle. re-coloniza ... | 1982 | 6752271 |
| bacteriological survey of tuberculous lymphadenitis in south-east england: 1973-80. | during the eight years 1973-80 the public health laboratory service regional centre for tuberculosis bacteriology received cultures of mycobacteria from 2339 patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis. of these, 2272 were m tuberculosis (2207 human and 65 bovine strains) and 67 were other mycobacterial species, usually m avium and its intracellulare variant. disease due to the human strains of m tuberculosis occurred most often in young women of asian ethnic origin. many bovine strains isolated fro ... | 1982 | 6815295 |
| epidemiological features of bovine tuberculosis in cattle herds in great britain. | particular epidemiological features of mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle herds in great britain during the period 1972-8 were examined. during these seven years 1099 herds became infected, the mean annual incidence of herd infection being of the order of one infected herd per 1000 cattle herds. infection in herds was predominantly a sporadic occurrence; 938 (85.4%) herds experienced only one incidence of infection which persisted for less than 12 months. the concentration of infected herds ... | 1983 | 6833744 |
| zoonotic aspects of mycobacterium bovis infection. | the bovine tuberculosis eradication campaigns in many industrially developed countries have led to a huge reduction in the incidence of human tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis. overt disease in man may, however, manifest decades after the initial infection and the occurrence of such disease raises several important questions. in particular, it is important to determine whether man-to-man transmission occurs, thereby rendering man a continuing reservoir of infection, and whether, if this ... | 1994 | 8073621 |
| the kinetics of serum antibody responses to natural infections with mycobacterium bovis in one badger social group. | bovine tuberculosis remains a significant problem in some parts of great britain and ireland largely because of a reservoir of infection in badgers. little is currently known about the immunopathology of mycobacterium bovis infection in the badger. badgers, from 31 social groups, in a study area of the cotswold escarpment, have been trapped and sampled from 1981 to 1995. serum antibody responses directed against the 25 kda antigen (mpb83) of m. bovis have been studied in detail in a selected soc ... | 1997 | 9129594 |
| bovine tuberculosis. | | 1999 | 10378292 |
| wildlife disease reservoirs: the epidemiology of mycobacterium bovis infection in the european badger (meles meles) and other british mammals. | mycobacterium bovis infection has been confirmed in a wide range of mammals hosts throughout the world. the european badger (meles meles) and the brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula) are implicated as significant sources of infection for domestic cattle in the uk and new zealand respectively. the risk of transmission of infection between a wildlife population and domestic animals will be determined by both the epidemiology of the disease and the ecology of the host. in the uk, surveys by the ... | 2001 | 11463223 |
| is mad cow disease caused by a bacteria? | transmissible spongioform enchephalopathies (tse's), include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (also called bse or "mad cow disease"), creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) in humans, and scrapie in sheep. they remain a mystery, their cause hotly debated. but between 1994 and 1996, 12 people in england came down with cjd, the human form of mad cow, and all had eaten beef from suspect cows. current mad cow diagnosis lies solely in the detection of late appearing "prions", an acronym for hypothesized, ge ... | 2004 | 15325025 |
| bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the south-west region of england: a survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle. | in the united kingdom, badgers are implicated in the transmission of mycobacterium bovis to cattle, but little information is available on the potential role of other wild mammals. this paper presents the results of the largest systematic uk survey of m. bovis infection in other wild mammals. mammal carcasses (4715) from throughout the south-west region of england were subjected to a systematic post mortem examination, microbiological culture of tissues and spoligotyping of isolates. infection w ... | 2007 | 16434219 |
| bovine tuberculosis in cats. | | 2006 | 16489166 |
| social organization and movement influence the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in an undisturbed high-density badger meles meles population. | 1. the culling of european badgers meles meles has been a central part of attempts to control bovine tuberculosis (tb) in british cattle for many years. recent results, however, indicate that this approach could in practice enhance disease spread. 2. this paper looks at the relationship between tb incidence and badger ecology in a high-density population in south-west england, which has been the subject of a long-term intensive study. the principal aims were to relate the probability of tb incid ... | 2007 | 17302842 |
| risk factors for herd breakdown with bovine tuberculosis in 148 cattle herds in the south west of england. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is caused by mycobacterium bovis. the disease has a long latent period, heterogenous spread, can infect many species and can persist in the environment. in the uk, the rate of herd breakdowns (hbd) with btb is increasing. a retrospective cohort study of 148 cattle herds was set up to investigate risk factors for hbd from october 2001 to november 2004. herds were selected from farms located in the randomised badger culling trial (rbct) and comprised holdings (24%) that w ... | 2010 | 20399521 |
| bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination reduces the severity and progression of tuberculosis in badgers. | control of bovine tuberculosis (tb) in cattle has proven particularly challenging where reservoirs of infection exist in wildlife populations. in britain and ireland, control is hampered by a reservoir of infection in eurasian badgers (meles meles). badger culling has positive and negative effects on bovine tb in cattle and is difficult, costly and controversial. here we show that bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccination of captive badgers reduced the progression, severity and excretion of myc ... | 2010 | 21123260 |
| farm-scale risk factors for bovine tuberculosis incidence in cattle herds during the randomized badger culling trial. | summarywe analysed the incidence of cattle herd breakdowns due to bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) in relation to experimental badger culling, badger populations and farm characteristics during the randomized badger culling trial (rbct). mixed modelling and event history analysis were used to examine the individual risk factors. the interdependencies of covariates were examined using structural equation modelling. there were consistent findings among the different analyses demonstrating ... | 2011 | 21439101 |