| a statistical model of the dynamics of a mosquito vector (culex tarsalis) population. | a model of the dynamics of a mosquito culex tarsalis is derived that includes the life states through which the mosquito proceeds. transition probabilities from one state (egg, larva, pupa and adult) to another are derived and they depend on the duration of stay and mortality in each state. a formula is derived for the expected number of mosquitoes alive at any time during the spring or summer. this formula depends on the number of eggs oviposited and the transition probabilities. data are used ... | 1976 | 953134 |
| mosquito and arbovirus ecology in southeastern california, 1986-1990. | mosquito abundance and western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) and st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus activity were monitored in five valleys in southeastern california from june 1986 through april 1990 to study virus overwintering and possible dissemination from south to north along geographically defined corridors. culex tarsalis coquillett predominated in co2 trap collections and was the only species repeatedly infected with wee and sle viruses. abundance peaked during april-may and august-oct ... | 1992 | 1352557 |
| diel changes in adult mosquito microhabitat temperatures and their relationship to the extrinsic incubation of arboviruses in mosquitoes in kern county, california. | microhabitat temperatures experienced by nocturnally active culex tarsalis coquillett mosquitoes were measured in the southern san joaquin valley of california. temperatures of the diurnal resting shelter and nocturnal activity air space were measured by digital recorder at three cx. tarsalis habitats in kern county. temperatures measured by digital recorders agreed well with temperatures recorded concurrently at nearby california irrigation management and inspection system weather stations. mon ... | 1990 | 2167374 |
| the discovery decade of arbovirus research in western north america, 1940-1949. | | 1987 | 2891315 |
| identification of aedes campestris from new mexico: with notes on the isolation of western equine encephalitis and other arboviruses. | an arbovirus survey was conducted during august 1985 at white sands missile range in southcentral new mexico following a suspected arboviral disease epizootic among feral horses. a total of 20,566 mosquitoes (18,505 females and 2,061 males) and 8,900 biting gnats were collected and assayed for virus. female mosquitoes were principally aedes campestris (54.8%), aedes dorsalis (30.4%) and culex tarsalis (13.2%). arboviruses were not isolated from biting gnats, but mosquitoes yielded a total of 37 ... | 1986 | 2906989 |
| experimental infection with western equine encephalomyelitis virus in wild rodents indigenous to kern county, california. | six species of rodents from kern county, california, were inoculated subcutaneously with western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus to determine their susceptibility to infection and their potential as natural hosts. ammospermophilus nelsoni, citellus beecheyi, dipodomys heermanni, dipodomys nitratoides, peromyscus maniculatus, and sciurus griseus were readily infected. infection was usually fatal in dipodomys species, c. beecheyi, and s. griseus, but was clinically inapparent in other species ... | 1974 | 4426699 |
| california encephalitis studies in iowa during 1969, 1970 and 1971. | | 1973 | 4735659 |
| comparative arboviral susceptibility of female culex tarsalis (diptera: culicidae) collected in co2-baited traps and reared from field-collected pupae. | | 1983 | 6298431 |
| arbovirus disease--united states, 1993. | during 1993, health departments from 20 states reported 78 cases of arboviral encephalitis to cdc. of these, 55 (71%) were california encephalitis (ce). this report summarizes information about arboviral encephalitis in the united states during 1993. | 1994 | 8183230 |
| encephalitis virus persistence in california birds: experimental infections in mourning doves (zenaidura macroura). | after-hatching and hatching year, mourning doves were infected by inoculation with either western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) or st. louis encephalitis (sle) viruses; some birds in each group also were treated with the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide before and during infection. cyclophosphamide treatment significantly increased the wee viremia but did not alterthe antibody response. in contrast, cyclophosphamide-treated and -untreated doves did not develop a detectable sle viremia but bec ... | 2004 | 15185951 |
| limited interdecadal variation in mosquito (diptera: culicidae) and avian host competence for western equine encephalomyelitis virus (togaviridae: alphavirus). | historically, western equine encephalomyelitis virus (weev) caused large equine and human epidemics in the americas from canada into argentina. despite recent enhanced surveillance for west nile virus, there have been few reports of equine or human cases and little documented enzootic activity of weev. during the past three years, weev has been active again in california, but without human or equine cases. in the current study, we compared host and vector competence of representative weev isolat ... | 2008 | 18385369 |
| encephalitis virus persistence in california birds: preliminary studies with house finches. | field-collected house finches of mixed sex and age were infected experimentally with either western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) or st. louis encephalitis (sle) viruses during the summer or fall of 1998 and maintained over the winter under ambient conditions. to detect natural relapse during the spring, 32 birds were bled weekly from february through june 1999, and then necropsied 1 yr after infection to detect chronic infections using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) ... | 2001 | 11372964 |
| vector competence of aedes dorsalis (diptera: culicidae) from morro bay, california, for western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | in laboratory vector competence studies, aedes dorsalis (meigen) collected from morro bay, ca, did not vertically transmit sympatric strains of western equine encephalomyelitis virus (wee). this population of ae. dorsalis was highly susceptible to oral infection and was a competent horizontal vector of wee. the e2 region of the viral genome of the 3 virus strains isolated from ae. dorsalis in morro bay were closely related genetically to a strain of wee isolated in 1953 from a geographically sep ... | 1998 | 9835696 |
| prevalence of antibodies to western equine encephalomyelitis and st. louis encephalitis viruses in residents of california exposed to sporadic and consistent enzootic transmission. | sera from outpatients attending county health department clinics in areas of california with consistent (imperial valley) and sporadic (sacramento valley) enzootic transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) and st. louis encephalitis (sle) viruses exhibited neutralizing antibody prevalence rates of 1.3% (n = 690) and 0.5% (n = 1,066) for wee and 11.0% and 0.8% for sle, respectively. seroprevalence for sle virus in imperial county increased as a function of both age and years of resid ... | 1997 | 9392590 |
| potential effect of global warming on mosquito-borne arboviruses. | if global warming occurs in california, daily mean temperatures may increase by 3 to 5 degrees c, precipitation patterns will change, and sea level may rise 1 m. studies were done on effect of temperature changes on survival of culex tarsalis coquillett, the primary vector of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) and st. louis encephalitis (sle) viruses, in two regions where temperatures differed by 5 degrees c. daily mortality of adult vectors increased by 1% for each 1 degree c increase in te ... | 1994 | 8057305 |
| landscape ecology of arboviruses in southern california: patterns in the epizootic dissemination of western equine encephalomyelitis and st. louis encephalitis viruses in coachella valley, 1991-1992. | temporal and spatial patterns in the initiation and dissemination of western equine encephalomyelitis and st. louis encephalitis virus activity in coachella valley during 1991 and 1992 were detected by testing pools of host-seeking culex tarsalis coquillett for virus infection and sentinel chickens for seroconversions. both viruses repeatedly were detected first at a salt marsh adjacent to the salton sea in the southeastern corner of the study area and then disseminated to the northwest to fresh ... | 1995 | 7616516 |
| trinity river serologic survey. a survey of residents of communities along the course of the trinity river between houston and dallas, texas, for antibodies to the viruses of st. louis encephalitis, western equine encephalitis and california encephalitis. | | 1971 | 5120543 |
| role of california (callipepla californica) and gambel's (callipepla gambelii) quail in the ecology of mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses in california, usa. | gambel's and california quail were infected repeatedly whenever western equine encephalomyelitis virus (weev), st. louis encephalitis virus (slev), and (wnv) west nile virus were active during summer in california. the timing of virus appearance and quail infection coincided well with the appearance of chicks in nature, leading us to hypothesize that large coveys containing these non-immune birds could be important in focal virus amplification in rural settings. however, experimental infection s ... | 2006 | 16989564 |