| management of empyema thoracis at lusaka, zambia. | of the 39 consecutive patients with empyema thoracis managed by one of the five general surgical units at lusaka, zambia, 26 suffered from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and 19 were diagnosed as suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis within 3 years of developing empyema thoracis. thirty patients were between 16 and 40 years of age; of these, 22 suffered from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and all 19 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis belonged to this age group. of the ... | 1992 | 1611446 |
| evidence for heterosexual transmission and clinical manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection and related conditions in lusaka, zambia. | in a hospital-based survey in lusaka, zambia, 189 (17.5%) of 1078 subjects had antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the prevalence of antibodies was low in subjects aged less than 20 or greater than 60 years; in men the peak prevalence (32.9%) occurred in those aged 30-35 years, and in women (24.4%) it occurred in the 20-25 year age-group. there was no significant difference in prevalence by sex after adjusting for age. high educational level was independently associated wi ... | 1986 | 2877269 |
| cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus in lusaka, zambia. | of the 1124 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients studied, one or more cutaneous lesions were found in 113 (98.3%) of the 115 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and in 541 (53.6%) of 1009 patients with aids-related complex (arc). kaposi's sarcoma, multidermatomal, necrotic herpes zoster, and pruritic maculopapular rashes are common cutaneous manifestations of aids and its related complex (arc) in zambia. the maculopapular rash results from a lymphoplasmacytic ... | 1988 | 2971691 |
| childhood cancers in zambia before and after the hiv epidemic. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) related cancers in children are not as common and as well described as in adults. an hiv epidemic has been prevalent in zambia since 1983-1984. to study the effect of the epidemic on the epidemiology of cancers in children a retrospective study was undertaken at the university teaching hospital (uth), lusaka, zambia. all the histopathological records from 1980 to 1992 were reviewed and all cases of cancers in children less than 14 years of age were analysed. in ... | 1995 | 7574850 |
| pattern of adult malignancies in zambia (1980-1989) in light of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic. | this study analysed histopathological and haematology records of 7836 neoplasms seen during the period 1980-1989 at the university teaching hospital, lusaka, zambia. the crude incidence rate of each malignancy per 100,000 adults per year was calculated and the patterns of malignancies were compared for the periods 1980-1983 and 1984-1989, the later coinciding with the advent of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic. the six most common tumours were carcinoma of the cervix (19.6%), kapo ... | 1995 | 7636927 |
| tuberculin sensitivity and hiv-1 status of patients attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in lusaka, zambia: a cross-sectional study. | a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis (tb) in a group of zambians at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection and to examine the effect of hiv-1 infection on the tuberculin response was conducted in the university teaching hospital in lusaka, zambia during july to september 1990. patients were selected from those presenting to the out-patient clinic for first referral with either sexually transmitted or skin disease. 268 adults were i ... | 1995 | 7747304 |
| the impact of human immunodeficiency virus on response to treatment and recurrence rate in patients treated for tuberculosis: two-year follow-up of a cohort in lusaka, zambia. | to examine the effect of hiv on response to treatment and recurrence rate in patients with tuberculosis (tb), we have followed 239 previously untreated, adult, tb patients in a prospective cohort study in lusaka, zambia. one hundred and seventy-four (73%) were hiv-1 antibody positive. patients with sputum smear positive, miliary, or meningeal tb were prescribed 2 months daily streptomycin, thiacetazone, isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide followed by 6 months thiacetazone and isoniazid; others, ... | 1995 | 7861484 |
| influence of hiv epidemic on the incidence of kaposi's sarcoma in zambian children. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is well documented in adults. however, very little information is available about ks in the pediatric age group. a retrospectively study was undertaken at the university teaching hospital (uth), lusaka, zambia, to define the incidence and clinical profile of ks in zambian children over the last 13 years and to determine the influence, if any, of the current human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic on the pattern of pediatric ... | 1995 | 8548353 |
| impact of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 on common pediatric illnesses in zambia. | the seroprevalence of hiv-1 and in-patient mortality in children with common pediatric illnesses was studied. between october 1990 and july 1991 at the department of paediatrics and child health, university teaching hospital (uth), lusaka, zambia, mothers of all pediatric admissions were interviewed and counselled for enrollment of their children into the study. of a total of 1323 children seen, 1266 children (600 female and 666 male) were enrolled into the study. pneumonia (28 per cent), malari ... | 1995 | 8606443 |
| human immunodeficiency virus-associated diarrhea and wasting in zambia: selected risk factors and clinical associations. | a significant association was observed among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive adult cases in lusaka, zambia compared with hiv-negative controls for chronic diarrhea (68% versus 22%; p < 0.05), weight loss (54% versus 30%; p < 0.05), lymphadenopathy (44% versus 15%; p < 0.05), and skin eruption (33% versus 7%; p < 0.05). among the hiv-positive children, a higher proportion had clinical evidence of tuberculosis when compared with hiv-negative children (8% versus 1%; p < 0.05). the study ... | 1998 | 9684624 |
| cancrum oris: management, incidence, and implications of human immunodeficiency virus in zambia. | the university teaching hospital is situated in the zambian capital, lusaka. in a 15-year period (1979 to 1993), 81 child patients with cancrum oris were admitted to the pediatric plastic surgery unit. there were 29 boys and 52 girls, of whom 58 were below 3 years of age. the majority of them were from certain provinces where the population is comparatively much lower than in other provinces of zambia. the dietary habits in cancrum orisprone provinces are quite different than those of other prov ... | 1998 | 9703069 |
| increasing kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus seroprevalence with age in a highly kaposi's sarcoma endemic region, zambia in 1985. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is a newly discovered virus found in all forms of ks. in the united states, kshv infection appears to be most common amongst individuals at high-risk for ks. preliminary data from africa suggest that kshv infection may be much more common in the general population. | 1998 | 9792393 |
| the effects of bcg immunization and human immunodeficiency virus infection on dual skin test reactions to purified protein derivative and mycobacterium avium sensitin among adults in zambia. | university hospital in lusaka, zambia. | 1999 | 10094328 |
| a study of maternal mortality at the university teaching hospital, lusaka, zambia: the emergence of tuberculosis as a major non-obstetric cause of maternal death. | the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, university teaching hospital, lusaka, zambia. | 1999 | 10460099 |
| prospective study of measles in hospitalized, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and hiv-uninfected children in zambia. | measles in persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has been reported to be unusual in its presentation and frequently fatal. to determine the effect of hiv coinfection on the clinical features and outcome of measles, a prospective study of hospitalized children with measles was conducted between january 1998 and october 2000 in lusaka, zambia. one-sixth (17%) of 546 children hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed measles were coinfected with hiv. one-third of the hiv-infected ... | 2002 | 12087526 |
| property-grabbing: why zambia needs stronger laws to protect widows' rights. | zambian widows, after the deaths of their husbands, face the loss of property and children at the hands of their in-laws. those whose husbands have died of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), who are themselves infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), are treated the worst. about half of the cases seen by counselors at the center run by the young women's christian association in lusaka are fighting legal battles against their families from their beds. traditionally in africa, ... | 1994 | 12288155 |
| zambia: a church where brothers are not brothers. | george grew up with no family and attended a catholic mission high school in zaire. he joined an order of brothers in kabwe in the copperbelt of zambia. in december, 1992, the order required him to undergo an hiv test. in february, 1993, when on holiday, he received a letter' from a superior informing him that he was hiv positive. the superior wrote that george was no longer an acceptable and worthy person to spread god's word, and that he was expelled from the order. yet, he had behaved we ... | 1994 | 12318857 |
| candida infection as a risk factor for hiv transmission. | numerous epidemiological studies have documented that ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases (stds), such as syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes, promote heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission. however, the role of vaginal inflammations, such as candida infection, in hiv acquisition has not been well established, even though, like trichomona vaginalis infection, it is rapidly emerging as a significant co-factor in hiv transmission. | 2003 | 12869296 |
| issues in the design of a clinical trial with a behavioral intervention--the zambia exclusive breast-feeding study. | we present the rationale and design of the zambian exclusive breast-feeding study (zebs), a randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of short-duration exclusive breast-feeding (ebf) as a strategy to reduce postnatal human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission while preserving the other health benefits of this important mode of infant feeding. | 2004 | 15296810 |
| epidemiological characteristics of human herpesvirus-8 infection in a large population of antenatal women in zambia. | comprehensive data describing epidemiological characteristics of the human herpesvirus-8 or kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (hhv-8 or kshv) infection among pregnant women in a central sub-saharan africa are not available. this study determined virus prevalence estimates and the risk factors associated with hhv-8 infection. cross-sectional, enrollment visit data were analyzed from a prospective cohort study of perinatal transmission of hhv-8 in lusaka, zambia. exposure data were obtained ... | 2005 | 15543582 |
| rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy at primary care sites in zambia: feasibility and early outcomes. | the zambian ministry of health has scaled-up human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) care and treatment services at primary care clinics in lusaka, using predominately nonphysician clinicians. | 2006 | 16905784 |
| reduction in preterm delivery and neonatal mortality after the introduction of antenatal cotrimoxazole prophylaxis among hiv-infected women with low cd4 cell counts. | cotrimoxazole prophylaxis is recommended for subgroups of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected adults and children to reduce all-cause morbidity and mortality. we investigated whether antenatal cotrimoxazole prophylaxis begun during pregnancy for hiv-infected pregnant women with low cd4 cell counts would affect birth outcomes. | 2006 | 17083035 |
| hiv-specific secretory iga in breast milk of hiv-positive mothers is not associated with protection against hiv transmission among breast-fed infants. | to test whether secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antigens in breast milk of hiv-positive women is associated with protection against hiv transmission among breast-fed infants. | 2006 | 17095329 |
| use of traditional medicine among pregnant women in lusaka, zambia. | we studied the prevalence of and predictors for traditional medicine use among pregnant women seeking care in the lusaka, zambia public health system. | 2007 | 17309386 |
| the distribution of sexually-transmitted human papillomaviruses in hiv positive and negative patients in zambia, africa. | human papillomaviruses (hpv) are double-stranded dna viruses, considered to be the primary etiological agents in cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and cancers. approximately 15-20 of the 40 mucosal hpvs confer a high-risk of progression of lesions to invasive cancer. in this study, we investigated the prevalence of sexually transmitted hpvs in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive and negative patients in zambia, africa. the rate of high-risk hpv genotypes worldwide varies within each co ... | 2007 | 17634108 |
| population differences in death rates in hiv-positive patients with tuberculosis. | randomised controlled clinical trial of mycobacterium vaccae vaccination as an adjunct to anti-tuberculosis treatment in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive patients with smear-positive tuberculosis (tb) in lusaka, zambia, and karonga, malawi. | 2007 | 17945070 |
| clinical outcomes and cd4 cell response in children receiving antiretroviral therapy at primary health care facilities in zambia. | the zambian ministry of health provides pediatric antiretroviral therapy (art) at primary care clinics in lusaka, where, despite scale-up of perinatal prevention efforts, many children are already infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 2007 | 17954540 |
| hiv incidence rates and risk factors for urban women in zambia: preparing for a microbicide clinical trial. | objectives:: a preparedness study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of sites and populations following the same study procedures intended for a larger scale microbicide efficacy trial. in the process the study evaluated human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) incidence, prevalence, and risk profiles for hiv-acquisition among young women in urban zambia. methods:: women aged 16 to 49 years were screened for participation in the study that involved hiv/sexually transmitted infection testing and ... | 2009 | 19174729 |
| the prevalence of the use of 'dry sex' traditional medicines, among zambian women, and the profile of the users. | concern has been voiced about the 'dry sex' practice in southern and central africa, and its possible role in the transmission of the human immuno-deficiency virus (hiv). despite this concern, there has been little information about the practice. most of the available information has been anecdotal, speculative or inadequate mainly because of cultural reluctance to discuss or investigate personal sexual issues. this article provides information about the prevalence of the practice in zambia and ... | 2009 | 19235082 |
| elevations in mortality associated with weaning persist into the second year of life among uninfected children born to hiv-infected mothers. | early weaning has been recommended to reduce postnatal human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission. we evaluated the safety of stopping breast-feeding at different ages for mortality of uninfected children born to hiv-infected mothers. | 2010 | 20047479 |
| methods and baseline results of a repeated cross-sectional survey to assess the public health impact of antiretroviral therapy in lusaka, zambia. | although the individual-level impact of antiretroviral therapy (art) is well documented, there are few available data describing the public health impact of services for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus in resource-constrained settings. we describe the methods and baseline results of a household survey that assessed the population-level impact of the national program for hiv care in zambia and treatment in the city of lusaka. the survey was timed with the staggered expansion of ... | 2010 | 20439984 |
| the zambia children's ks-hhv8 study: rationale, study design, and study methods. | the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus in zambia has led to a dramatic rise in the incidence of human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8)-associated kaposi's sarcoma in both adults and children. however, there is a paucity of knowledge about the routes of hhv-8 transmission to young children. the zambia children's ks-hhv8 study, a large, prospective cohort study in lusaka, zambia, was launched in 2004 to investigate the role of household members as a source of hhv-8 infection in young children and socia ... | 2011 | 21447476 |
| opt-out provider-initiated hiv testing and counselling in primary care outpatient clinics in zambia. | to increase case-finding of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in zambia and their referral to hiv care and treatment by supplementing existing client-initiated voluntary counselling and testing (vct), the dominant mode of hiv testing in the country. | 2011 | 21556300 |