| aedes aegypti in puerto rico: environmental determinants of larval abundance and relation to dengue virus transmission. | in order to understand adquately the dynamics of vector-borne disease, one must understand how and why vector populations change over time. we describe a long-term, cooperative study of seasonal fluctuation in populations of the aedes aegypti mosquito in puerto rico. during each month of the first 3 years of the project, a. aegypti was found breeding in all five communities studied. mosquito density was positively correlated with rainfall, the relationship being more marked in the dry, south-coa ... | 1978 | 727328 |
| pathogenesis of dengue: challenges to molecular biology. | dengue viruses occur as four antigenically related but distinct serotypes transmitted to humans by aedes aegypti mosquitoes. these viruses generally cause a benign syndrome, dengue fever, in the american and african tropics, and a severe syndrome, dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (dhf/dss), in southeast asian children. this severe syndrome, which recently has also been identified in children infected with the virus in puerto rico, is characterized by increased vascular permeability ... | 1988 | 3277268 |
| comparison of three methods used to isolate dengue virus type 2. | during the 1969 dengue epidemic in puerto rico, human sera and aedes aegypti mosquitoes were collected for virus isolation and identification. three methods of isolation were used and compared. in the first method, we inoculated newborn mice by the intracranial route, noted any signs of illness, and serially passed specimens in mice until virus was isolated. in the second method, we inoculated tube cultures of llc-mk(2) cells, noted any cytopathic effect (cpe), and assayed fluids for virus by pl ... | 1971 | 5002896 |
| [ecology of dengue and aedes aegypti. preliminary research. 2]. | | 1984 | 6729600 |
| risk factors for dengue infection during an outbreak in yanes, puerto rico in 1991. | in november 1991, during a five-month dengue outbreak, we performed epidemiologic and serologic surveys linked to an earlier entomologic study in a community of 425 houses in yanes (florida), puerto rico. we obtained a household response rate of 95% (98 of 103) and blood samples from 84% (345 of 410) of the participants. dengue incidence, as volunteered by the respondents, was 5% (21 of 410), but serologic diagnosis (immunoglobulin m and igg-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays [elisa]) indicated ... | 1995 | 7611553 |
| life table study of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in puerto rico fed only human blood versus blood plus sugar. | life table studies were performed in 1996 with aedes aegypti (l.) during the low (cool/dry) and high (hot/rainy) dengue virus transmission seasons in puerto rico. mated adult females from field-collected pupae were placed individually in cages and divided into 2 treatment groups: one was fed only human blood and the other human blood plus a 10% sucrose solution. survival and number of eggs laid were recorded daily for each female. during both seasons, age specific survivorship was higher for the ... | 1998 | 9775613 |
| dengue outbreak associated with multiple serotypes--puerto rico, 1998. | dengue is an acute viral disease caused by any of the four dengue virus serotypes (den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4). the principal mosquito vector is aedes aegypti, which has a worldwide distribution in tropical and many subtropical areas. all four virus serotypes produce a similar illness characterized by fever, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, rash, nausea and vomiting and induce life-long immunity that is specific to the infecting serotype. a small proportion of infected persons may develop th ... | 1998 | 9832472 |
| survival of starved aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in puerto rico and thailand. | survival of adult aedes aegypti (l.) was studied in thailand (1995) and puerto rico (1996) during periods of high and low dengue virus transmission. resting males and females were collected inside houses by aspiration. females were separated into different cages by their degree of engorgement and ovarian development. teneral adults were obtained from pupae collected from natural breeding sites. all mosquitoes were given access to water, held at ambient temperature in the shade, and their surviva ... | 1999 | 10337096 |
| transmission thresholds for dengue in terms of aedes aegypti pupae per person with discussion of their utility in source reduction efforts. | the expense and ineffectiveness of drift-based insecticide aerosols to control dengue epidemics has led to suppression strategies based on eliminating larval breeding sites. with the notable but short-lived exceptions of cuba and singapore, these source reduction efforts have met with little documented success; failure has chiefly been attributed to inadequate participation of the communities involved. the present work attempts to estimate transmission thresholds for dengue based on an easily-de ... | 2000 | 10761719 |
| identification of the people from whom engorged aedes aegypti took blood meals in florida, puerto rico, using polymerase chain reaction-based dna profiling. | we used polymerase chain reaction-based dna profiling to construct allelic profiles for residents and visitors of 22 houses in florida, puerto rico, and human dna from blood meals in aedes aegypti that were collected in those homes. complete profiles were obtained for < or = 2 days after blood ingestion. eighteen percent of the meals came from two different people. there was no evidence of meals from > or = 2 people. eighty percent of the meal sources were identified, > 70% were taken from resid ... | 2003 | 12875293 |
| guidelines on the cost-effectiveness of larval control programs to reduce dengue transmission in puerto rico. | in the past 20 years, the emphasis for avoiding dengue epidemics has focused on larval control of aedes aegypti, the principal mosquito vector of dengue viruses. a general consensus is that mosquito larval control holds the best promise for reducing dengue epidemics, although its actual effectiveness is still unknown and subject to a great deal of uncertainty. the objective of this research was to assess the cost-effectiveness of emergency larval control programs for reducing dengue transmission ... | 2003 | 12952602 |
| longitudinal studies of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in thailand and puerto rico: blood feeding frequency. | we used a histologic technique to study multiple blood feeding in a single gonotrophic cycle by engorged aedes aegypti (l.) that were collected weekly for 2 yr from houses in a rural village in thailand (n = 1,891) and a residential section of san juan, puerto rico (n = 1,675). overall, mosquitoes from thailand contained significantly more multiple meals (n = 1,300, 42% double meals, 5% triple meals) than mosquitoes collected in puerto rico (n = 1,156, 32% double meals, 2% triple meals). the por ... | 2000 | 15218911 |
| dispersal of the dengue vector aedes aegypti within and between rural communities. | knowledge of mosquito dispersal is critical for vector-borne disease control and prevention strategies and for understanding population structure and pathogen dissemination. we determined aedes aegypti flight range and dispersal patterns from 21 mark-release-recapture experiments conducted over 11 years (1991-2002) in puerto rico and thailand. dispersal was compared by release location, sex, age, season, and village. for all experiments, the majority of mosquitoes were collected from their relea ... | 2005 | 15741559 |
| local and global effects of climate on dengue transmission in puerto rico. | the four dengue viruses, the agents of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in humans, are transmitted predominantly by the mosquito aedes aegypti. the abundance and the transmission potential of ae. aegypti are influenced by temperature and precipitation. while there is strong biological evidence for these effects, empirical studies of the relationship between climate and dengue incidence in human populations are potentially confounded by seasonal covariation and spatial heterogeneity. usi ... | 2009 | 19221592 |
| seasonal and habitat effects on dengue and west nile virus vectors in san juan, puerto rico. | the presence of west nile (wnv) and dengue viruses and the lack of recent mosquito surveys in puerto rico prompted an investigation on the distribution and abundance of potential arbovirus vectors in the san juan metropolitan area, and their variation with seasons and habitats. we sampled mosquitoes in early and late 2005 in 58 sites from forests, nonforest vegetation, wetlands, and high- and low-density housing areas using ovijars, centers for disease control and prevention miniature light/co2 ... | 2009 | 19432067 |