| a sudden epidemic of hiv type 1 among injecting drug users in the former soviet union: identification of subtype a, subtype b, and novel gaga/envb recombinants. | the former soviet union republics have experienced an explosive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) epidemic among injecting drug users (idus), consisting mainly of subtype a viruses originated from a point source (bobkov et al.: aids res hum retroviruses 1997;13:1195-1201). to determine whether new hiv-1 subtypes have entered the idu population, 46 samples derived from idus in russia (n = 39) and the ukraine (n = 7) were genotyped by heteroduplex mobility assay (hma). it was shown that ... | 1998 | 9618078 |
| rapid increase in hiv rates--orel oblast, russian federation, 1999-2001. | during 1999-2001, the estimated number of cases of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) reported officially in the russian federation increased approximately 16-fold, from 11,000 to 177,000. in 2001, of 49,434 hiv-infected persons for whom a risk factor was identified, 46,274 (94%) were injection-drug users (idus). however, the actual number of hiv-infected persons in russia is estimated to be four to 10 times higher than reported. rapid increases in hiv have been reported in urban areas (e.g., ka ... | 2003 | 12869903 |