| exogenous reinfection as a cause of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in rural south africa. | multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (xdr) tuberculosis (tb) are now major threats in areas of south africa with a high prevalence of tb and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the role of exogenous reinfection as a cause of mdr and xdr tb in these settings has not been determined. | 2008 | 18847372 |
| proliferative capacity of epitope-specific cd8 t-cell responses is inversely related to viral load in chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | the relationship between the function of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-specific cd8 t-cell responses and viral load has not been defined. in this study, we used a panel of major histocompatibility complex class i tetramers to examine responses to frequently targeted cd8 t-cell epitopes in a large cohort of antiretroviral-therapy-naïve hiv type 1 clade c virus-infected persons in kwazulu natal, south africa. in terms of effector functions of proliferation, cytokine production, and degranulat ... | 2007 | 17050606 |
| reduction in prevalence of invasive cervical cancer in kwazulu-natal, south africa: impact of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. | the bulk of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) pandemic continues to ravage the developing world, especially sub-saharan countries. the hiv seroprevalence among women with invasive cervical cancer varies in different parts of the world. a comparison of women with cervical cancer was undertaken for epidemiologic data in the province of kwazulu-natal, south africa, which has the highest hiv prevalence. the two time periods of study were 1999 and 2003. the aim was to determine the trends of pre ... | 2006 | 16803482 |
| gb virus type c coinfection in hiv-infected african mothers and their infants, kwazulu natal, south africa. | gb virus type c (gbv-c) infection was studied in a convenience sample of 75 antiretroviral (art)-naive african mothers with human immunodeficiency virus infection and their infants. gbv-c rna was extracted from serum and amplified by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. twenty-seven (36%) of these 75 hiv-infected women tested positive for gbv-c rna. to study transmission dynamics, we chose a random subsample of 20 of these women and their infants. in this cohort, there was evidence o ... | 2004 | 14727212 |
| the direct costs of hiv / aids in a south african sugar mill. | this article assesses the impact of hiv on a retrospective cohort of hiv-infected sugar mill employees and the cost incurred by their employers in the province of kwazulu-natal, south africa. in a single occupational health clinic that provides the primary care needs of a sugar mill workforce with approximately 400 employees (96% males), records of 23 workers who took ill-health retirement due to hiv during 1991-98 were inspected. direct cost estimation associated with hiv infections were obtai ... | 2000 | 12322488 |
| the south african hiv epidemic, reflected by nine provincial epidemics, 1990-1996. | to determine by serological examination the annual point prevalence rates of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in representative samples of subjects in the nine provinces of south africa, 1990-1996. | 1998 | 9807188 |
| htlv-i infection in the free state region of south africa: a sero-epidemiologic study. | human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-1) is associated with tropical spastic paraparesis (tsp) and adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma. htlv-i infection is endemic in certain parts of the natal/kwazulu region of south africa. no studies on the seroprevalence of htlv-i infection in the free state (fs) have been published. this study was designed to determine the prevalence of htlv-i antibodies among different patient groups in the fs. sera from 863 patients were analyzed. there were: 178 asymptomati ... | 1996 | 8653770 |
| prevalence and transmission of htlv-i infection in natal/kwazulu. | a community-based seroprevalence survey for human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) was undertaken in the ngwelezane district of natal/kwazulu. a total of 1,018 individuals was interviewed for risk factors and had blood drawn for serological examination. to exclude antibody cross-reactivity between anti-htlv-i and anti-htlv-ii all western blot htlv-i-positive samples were further subjected to a select htlv test. for comparison, anonymous hiv testing was done. the areas of residence of pa ... | 1993 | 8123179 |
| stabilizing hiv prevalence masks high hiv incidence rates amongst rural and urban women in kwazulu-natal, south africa. | background: in mature generalized human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemics, as survival from accessing antiretroviral treatment (art) increases, hiv prevalence data may be suboptimal and difficult to interpret without hiv incidence rates. objective: to determine the hiv incidence rate among rural and urban women in kwazulu-natal, south africa. methods: we conducted a prospective cohort study from march 2004 to may 2007. volunteers were recruited from a rural family-planning clinic and an urb ... | 2010 | 21047913 |
| pregnancies complicated by multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and hiv co-infection in durban, south africa. | tertiary hospitals in kwazulu natal, south africa. | 2007 | 17519106 |
| science and social justice: the lessons of hiv/aids activism in the struggle to eradicate tuberculosis. | the global social, political and health emergency presented by the human immunodeficiency virus and the acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) has also once again propelled tuberculosis (tb) into a global public health emergency. the examples i will use to show how activism and social mobilisation can assist in overcoming tb are primarily from my home country, south africa. despite significant differences in health systems, culture, politics and history, there are lessons that could be u ... | 2006 | 17167946 |