| sexual behaviors of african-american male college students and the risk of hiv infection. | a survey of the rates of sexually transmitted diseases and protective sexual behaviors among a population of african-american male college students demonstrates that although monogamy, avoidance of casual sexual activity, and the avoidance of the use of drugs and alcohol during sexual activity tends to decrease the risk of exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, consistent condom use is the only sexually related behavior that is significantly protective. | 1992 | 1404462 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef quasispecies in pathological tissue. | the role of the nef gene in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection is poorly understood. to provide a basis for studies on the role of nef in aids, we used targeted polymerase chain reaction amplification and dna sequencing to determine the structure of nef genes in pathologic tissue from hiv-1-infected children and adults. we find that the nef reading frame is open in 92% of clones derived from both brain and lymphocytic tissue of children, suggesting that nef is expressed in the ... | 1992 | 1501274 |
| teenagers' knowledge of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and associated risk behaviors. | adolescents are now recognized as being at high risk for contracting the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the presumed cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). this article reports the findings of a survey that examined aids knowledge, risk behaviors, and informational sources for aids in a group of suburban new jersey high school students (n = 152). this group had knowledge of hiv and its transmission, but results indicated that students also participated in behaviors considered " ... | 1992 | 1507059 |
| changes in aids incidence trends in the united states. | estimating the current prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and projecting the future incidence of aids require that trends in incidence be analyzed and interpreted. we analyzed aids incidence trends in the united states by exposure category and selected demographic factors. in 1987, the trend in united states aids incidence changed as growth in the number of cases diagnosed per quarter began to decline. the slowing in growth is due in large part to a plateau in quarterly incidence i ... | 1992 | 1588489 |
| childbearing and contraceptive-use plans among women at high risk for hiv infection--selected u.s. sites, 1989-1991. | from september 1990 through august 1991, 2655 (49%) of the 5457 women reported with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states had been injecting-drug users (idus), and 1136 (21%) had had sexual intercourse with men who were idus (1). during the same period, 413 (56%) of the 735 children (aged less than 13 years) reported with aids were born to mothers who were either idus (38%) or sex partners of idus (18%) (1). even though messages and services regarding prevention of human ... | 1992 | 1738361 |
| exposure factors for hiv-1 infection among heterosexual drug abusers in new jersey treatment programs. | in a cross-sectional study of 926 subjects from 10 drug treatment programs conducted in 1984 in new jersey, the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was 35% overall; 30% in whites, 33% in hispanics, and 46% in blacks (p = 0.01 for comparison of blacks to non-blacks). univariate analysis showed the seroprevalence of hiv was not associated with age or gender, but did correlate with frequency of cocaine or heroin injection (p trend less than 0.001); frequency of needle sharing (p tr ... | 1990 | 1964060 |
| prevalence of hiv infection in childbearing women in the united states. surveillance using newborn blood samples. | a national, population-based survey was initiated in 1988 to measure the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in women giving birth to infants in the united states. following standardized procedures, residual dried-blood specimens collected on filter paper for newborn metabolic screening were tested anonymously in state public health laboratories for maternal antibody to hiv. as of september 1990, annual survey data were available from 38 states and the district of columbia ... | 1991 | 2002571 |
| cumulative aids incidence and altered mortality from mycobacterial disease: new jersey. | changes in mycobacterial disease mortality between 1980 and 1986 were examined among new jersey residents aged 25 to 44 using single cause of death data. the demographic group with the highest cumulative incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) (non-white residents of the four urban counties adjacent to new york city) sustained an increase of 10.1 deaths/100,000 men/yr and 3.1 deaths/100,000 women/yr. groups with lower cumulative incidence of aids sustained smaller increases in my ... | 1991 | 2008983 |
| anonymous human immunodeficiency virus surveillance and clinically directed testing in a newark, nj, hospital. | from september 1988 to august 1989, in a university hospital in newark, nj, 3529 serum and plasma specimens from patients with admitting conditions presumably not associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (centers for disease control, atlanta, ga, sentinel hospital surveillance system criteria) were tested anonymously for the presence of type 1 hiv (hiv-1) antibody. of these specimens, 269 (7.6%) were confirmed hiv-1 seropositive. overall, 10.3% of male patients and 4.8% of fe ... | 1991 | 2025145 |
| use of surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease to estimate the size of the immunosuppressed hiv-infected population. | we used population-based surveillance in new jersey in 1986 to quantify the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease in persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and in those who went on to develop aids. using pneumococcal surveillance, we also devised a method to estimate the size of the immunosuppressed population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the so-called pre-aids population. from rates of pneumococcal disease that occurred in areas with a low incidence ... | 1991 | 2046109 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children: report of the centers for disease control national surveillance, 1982 to 1985. | since national surveillance for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) began in 1981, the centers for disease control (cdc) has received reports of more than 20,000 cases of aids in the united states. as of december 31, 1985, 307 of these cases had been diagnosed in children younger than 13 years of age. the number of cases is increasing rapidly. the number of cases reported in 1985 more than doubled those reported in 1984. the major risk factors in children for acquiring infection with the c ... | 1987 | 3035476 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infections among civilian applicants for united states military service, october 1985 to march 1986. demographic factors associated with seropositivity. | during the six months from october 1985 through march 1986, blood samples from 306,061 civilian applicants for military service from the united states were tested for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). four hundred sixty subjects were positive for the antibody as determined by western (immune) blot reactivity. the mean prevalence of hiv infection in this population of teenagers and young adults was thus 1.50 per 1000. according to multivariate analysis, the following demographic ... | 1987 | 3474519 |
| health education and knowledge assessment of htlv-iii diseases among intravenous drug users. | the human t-cell lymphotropic virus, type iii (htlv-iii) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). since aids is not curable, public health efforts must be focused on decreasing aids transmission. 72% of all aids cases are male homosexuals; 17% are intravenous (iv) drug users; and 3% are hemophiliacs, blood recipients, and infants of these groups. the gay community is sufficiently organized to provide the necessary infrastructure for aids education and treatment; th ... | 1986 | 3781861 |
| knowledge and perceptions of emergency contraceptive pills among a college-age population: a qualitative approach. | results from focus-group discussions with a population of university students who have convenient access to emergency contraceptive pills show that basic awareness about this method is high, although specific knowledge on appropriate use, such as the time limit for use, the level of effectiveness and the possible side effects, is lacking. approval of the method is widespread among both female and male students, although students did voice anxieties about irresponsible use and the lack of protect ... | 1995 | 7589355 |
| demographic, medical history and sexual correlates of hiv seropositive methadone maintained women. | beginning in january 1989, consecutive female admissions to the artc mmtp clinics in nyc were interviewed about their medical, drug, sexual and social experiences during 6 distinct historical years. bloods were drawn and each sample tested for hiv via elisa and western blot analysis. the data for 256 females was analyzed. the sample was predominantly black (56%) and hispanic (36%). fifty-four percent (140) were between the ages of 31 and 40; 35% (91) were between the ages of 18 and 30; and 10% ( ... | 1993 | 8292633 |
| a surgeon with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a threat to patient safety? the case of william h. behringer. | a year ago, the new jersey case of william h. behringer, the surgeon with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), caused health experts to focus on health care workers infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and to call for new policies and guidelines to protect patients against infection. after a year of acrimonious debate over the proper approach to the issues discussed in behringer, no consensus has emerged. the centers for disease control has quietly abandoned its plan to ease it ... | 1993 | 8380536 |
| a descriptive survey of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus-infected long-term survivors. | to identify the population of human immunodeficiency virus-infected pediatric long- term survivors (lts) followed in major medical institutions in california, florida and new jersey. | 1997 | 9099779 |
| influence of hiv-infection risk on resident physicians. | to determine the influence of the risk of contracting the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) on the attitudes and behavior of resident physicians. | 1996 | 9125930 |
| success in implementing public health service guidelines to reduce perinatal transmission of hiv--louisiana, michigan, new jersey, and south carolina, 1993, 1995, and 1996. | in 1994, the public health service (phs) published guidelines for zidovudine (zdv) use to reduce perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) (1), and in 1995 published guidelines for hiv counseling and voluntary testing of pregnant women (2). to directly assess the implementation of these guidelines and to identify barriers to the continued reduction of perinatal transmission, four states that conduct surveillance for hiv/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) (louisiana, mic ... | 1998 | 9733415 |
| effect of hiv reporting by name on use of hiv testing in publicly funded counseling and testing programs. | policies requiring confidential reporting by name to state health departments of persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have potential to cause some of them to avoid hiv testing. | 1998 | 9801002 |
| international comparison of medical students' perceptions of hiv infection and aids. | this analysis compared medical students' perceptions of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in two cities in two countries with different cultural and educational backgrounds. a total of 292 first- and second-year medical students (45% sample) were surveyed from new jersey medical school and from benin medical school, nigeria. compared with the benin students, the newark medical students were significantly more knowledgeable and had more pos ... | 1998 | 9884497 |
| new jersey's medicaid waiver for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | this article contains data from a study of new jersey's home and community-based medicaid waiver program for persons with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus illness. major findings include lower hospital costs and utilization for waiver participants compared with general medicaid acquired immunodeficiency syndrome admissions in new jersey. average program expenditures were $2,400 per person per month. based on study findings, it is evident that the waiver program is an important means of p ... | 1992 | 10120180 |
| identification of a w variant outbreak of mycobacterium tuberculosis via population-based molecular epidemiology. | typing of mycobacterium tuberculosis could provide a more sensitive means of identifying outbreaks than use of conventional surveillance techniques alone. variants of the new york city w strain of m tuberculosis were identified in new jersey. | 1999 | 10612319 |
| incidence and consistency of antiretroviral use among hiv-infected medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia. | to investigate the incidence and consistency of antiretroviral (arv) treatment in the period before the introduction of protease inhibitors among medicaid beneficiaries in new jersey who had both the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and schizophrenia. | 2001 | 11305703 |
| trends in injection drug use among persons entering addiction treatment--new jersey, 1992-1999. | injection drug use is associated with high risk for transmission of bloodborne infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b and c. since 1993, the proportion of persons admitted to new jersey addiction treatment centers for illicit drug use who reported injecting drugs has increased, reversing a decline that began in approximately 1980 (1; community epidemiologywork group, unpublished data, 2000). this report summarizes an analysis of trends in injection drug use amon ... | 2001 | 11465905 |
| reproductive decision making in mothers with hiv-1. | eighty percent of women with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are of childbearing age and the incidence of hiv in women is rapidly increasing. despite the risk of perinatal transmission and the centers for disease control's (cdc) recommendation that hiv-positive women delay pregnancy, hiv-infected women continue to become pregnant and have children. to gain insight into reproductive decision-making of women with hiv, 25 mothers who participated in a natural history study of perinatal hiv trans ... | 2000 | 11813776 |
| a survey of sexually transmitted diseases/hiv coinfection testing and reporting practices among health care providers in new jersey. | a survey was conducted to ascertain the adherence of health care providers (hcps) to national guidelines recommending human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing among persons with sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and std testing among hiv-infected persons. | 2005 | 15976597 |
| cancer risk in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus in the united states. | data are limited regarding cancer risk in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons with modest immunosuppression, before the onset of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). for some cancers, risk may be affected by highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) widely available since 1996. we linked hiv/aids and cancer registries in colorado, florida and new jersey. standardized incidence ratios (sirs) compared cancer risk in hiv-infected persons (initially aids-free) during the 5-y ... | 2008 | 18435450 |
| adoption of protective behaviors among persons with recent hiv infection and diagnosis--alabama, new jersey, and tennessee, 1997-1998. | a comprehensive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevention strategy includes knowledge of hiv status, counseling to reduce high-risk behavior, and referral for appropriate care (1). after diagnosis, a substantial percentage of hiv-infected persons reduce their high-risk sexual behaviors (2-4). this report presents data characterizing the sexual practices of persons with newly diagnosed hiv infection who have evidence of recently acquired infection. characterizing these persons may assist in t ... | 2000 | 10882290 |