| cryptococcal meningitis in lilongwe and blantyre, malawi. | infection with human immunodeficiency virus is widespread in malawi and cryptococcal meningitis is a common problem in those with aids. a review of microbiology laboratory records in lilongwe and blantyre between july 1991 and january 1993 identified 31 patients with cryptococcal meningitis. diagnosis was based on a positive india ink stain of csf and/or culture of cryptococcus neoformans. there were 16 men (median age 38 years) and 15 women (median age 28 years) in the investigation. the median ... | 1994 | 8163834 |
| malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection among male employees of a sugar estate in malawi. | in sub-saharan africa, where malaria is endemic and diagnostic and laboratory services are limited, fever is generally presumed to be due to malaria; however, the proportion of fevers actually related to malaria is unknown in most places. this study was conducted to determine the relationship between fever, malaria parasitaemia and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. between february and april 1994, 643 consenting adult male workers of the sugar corporation of malawi (sucoma) in nchalo ... | 1997 | 9463669 |
| treatment outcome of an unselected cohort of tuberculosis patients in relation to human immunodeficiency virus serostatus in zomba hospital, malawi. | there is little information about treatment outcome in patients with smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) or extrapulmonary tuberculosis (eptb) treated under routine programme conditions in subsaharan africa. a prospective study was carried out to determine treatment outcome in an unselected cohort of tb patients admitted to zomba general hospital, malawi. eight hundred and twenty-seven adult tb patients (451 men and 376 women) were registered between 1 july and 31 december 1995. standard ... | 1998 | 9861414 |
| efficacy of an unsupervised ambulatory treatment regimen for smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous pleural effusion in malawi. | queen elizabeth central hospital, blantyre, and zomba central hospital, zomba, malawi. | 1999 | 10331729 |
| hiv transmission through breastfeeding: a study in malawi. | understanding the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission through breastfeeding is essential for advising hiv-infected mothers and formulating public health policy recommendations. | 1999 | 10463709 |
| intensive nursing care of kwashiorkor in malawi. | the case fatality rate for children with kwashiorkor in central hospitals in malawi was 30.5% (275/901) in 1995. the purpose of this study was to determine whether improved case management with intensive nursing care could lower this case fatality rate. a total of 75 children admitted with kwashiorkor in blantyre, malawi, received intensive nursing care. this included nursing in individual clean beds with blankets, a nurse:child ratio of 1:3, supervised feedings every 2 h, a paediatrician with e ... | 2000 | 10709892 |
| compliance with cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for the prevention of opportunistic infections in hiv-positive tuberculosis patients in thyolo district, malawi. | to verify compliance with cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected tuberculosis (tb) patients during the continuation phase of anti-tuberculosis treatment, and to assess the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of verbal verification and pill counts as methods of checking compliance. | 2001 | 11573896 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in twin pairs infected at birth. | host genetic factors may influence the course of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. in blantyre, malawi, polymerase chain reaction was used to identify twin pairs who were concordantly hiv-1-infected in utero or perinatally and then to examine strain divergence or virus levels in identical and fraternal twin pairs. among 315 twin pairs, both infants in 14 fraternal and 5 identical pairs were found to be infected at the same visit. among 10 pairs, hiv-1 sequences were determined for bo ... | 2002 | 12134267 |
| cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in hiv-infected individuals after completing anti-tuberculosis treatment in thyolo, malawi. | thyolo, rural southern malawi. | 2002 | 12546111 |
| sexually transmitted infections among prison inmates in a rural district of malawi. | as part of a comprehensive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevention strategy targeting high-risk groups, sexually transmitted infection (sti) clinics are offered to all prisoners in thyolo district, southern malawi. prison inmates are not, however, allowed access to condoms as it is felt that such an intervention might encourage homosexuality which is illegal in malawi. a study was conducted between january 2000 and december 2001 in order to determine the prevalence, incidence, and patterns ... | 2002 | 12625135 |
| prevalence and indicators of hiv and aids among adults admitted to medical and surgical wards in blantyre, malawi. | despite high seroprevalence there are few recent studies of the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) on hospitals in sub-saharan africa. we examined 1226 consecutive patients admitted to medical and surgical wards in blantyre, malawi during two 2-week periods in october 1999 and january 2000: 70% of medical patients were hiv-positive and 45% had acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids); 36% of surgical patients were hiv-positive and 8% had aids. seroprevalence rose to a peak among 30-4 ... | 2003 | 12886812 |
| malnutrition and the severity of lung disease in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in malawi. | zomba central hospital, zomba, malawi. | 2004 | 15139450 |
| bacteremia in malawian children with severe malaria: prevalence, etiology, hiv coinfection, and outcome. | previous prospective studies of bacteremia in african children with severe malaria have mainly included children with cerebral malaria, and no study has examined the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. we examined the prevalence and etiology of bacteremia and the impact of hiv infection on bacteremia in malawian children with severe malaria, as well as the impact of bacteremia and hiv infection on outcome. | 2007 | 17299721 |
| postnatal hiv-1 transmission after cessation of infant extended antiretroviral prophylaxis and effect of maternal highly active antiretroviral therapy. | the association between postnatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) transmission and maternal highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) after infant extended antiretroviral prophylaxis was assessed. | 2009 | 19832114 |
| a survey of the management, control, and complications of diabetes mellitus in patients attending a diabetes clinic in blantyre, malawi, an area of high hiv prevalence. | the aim of this study was to describe the current status of diabetes care in an urban diabetes clinic in malawi and the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in this population, investigating possible associations between hiv and diabetes. a systematic prospective survey of patients attending the diabetes clinic at a teaching hospital in blantyre, malawi was conducted. six hundred twenty patients were assessed. seventy-four percent had glycosylated hemoglobin (hba1c) > 7.5%. systolic ... | 2010 | 20810823 |
| Reasons for accepting or refusing HIV services among tuberculosis patients at a TB-HIV integration clinic in Malawi. | In Malawi, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence among newly registered tuberculosis (TB) patients is 60-70%. In 2008, an integrated TBHIV clinic was established at a central hospital in Zomba. Despite the integration of TB-HIV activities and improved HIV service uptake, unacceptably high proportions of HIV-positive TB patients are still not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). | 2011 | 22118175 |