| voluntary antenatal hiv testing--results of a pilot study. | voluntary testing for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was offered to 4929 antenatal patients attending two hospitals in south manchester during a 12 month period in 1989/90 in order to assess the feasibility of obtaining seroprevalence data by this method. of these patients, 1728 (35%) agreed to a named test, 1396 (28%) to an unlinked anonymous test and the remaining 37% declined to be tested. the proportion of women tested increased from 22% to 88% over the period, and was simila ... | 1991 | 1669760 |
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome: recommendations of a working party of the hospital infection society. | unified procedures to control those infections that are transmitted by inoculation of blood are recommended. these should be applied to patients with acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (aids), aids-related complex, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy or hepatitis b, those with serological evidence of infection by human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis b virus, and those in medical and social categories with a higher than average prevalence of such infections. when the identification of th ... | 1990 | 1968481 |
| risk factors of female hiv-seropositive patients attending the clinic for sexually transmitted diseases at st mary's hospital, london. | of 3450 women tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus hiv-1 and hiv-2 between september 1985 and july 1989, 61 were positive (1.8%). twenty-seven of these (44%) were presumed to have acquired their hiv infection by heterosexual contact and 23 (38%) were intravenous drug addicts. in geographical origin, 23 (38%) of the patients were from the uk and 19 (31%) from africa. amongst these 61 women, 2 (3%) have since died, one committed suicide and one was suspected of committing suicide. | 1990 | 2103742 |
| hiv infection and aids in england and wales: general practitioners' workload and contact with patients. | in mid-1988 a postal survey was conducted of one in five general practitioners in england and wales, to examine their contact with people with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) or with worries about hiv infection or aids. the response rate was 63.9%. of the 3339 respondents 22.7% knew of an asymptomatic hiv positive patient within their practice, 5.4% knew of a symptomatic hiv positive patient and 6.4% knew of a patient with aids. t ... | 1990 | 2115352 |
| the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus infection: a five year study in a london cohort of homosexual men. | progression rates from asymptomatic to symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection according to the cdc classification were prospectively studied in a cohort of 172 seropositive homosexual and bisexual men. the median follow-up time was 4 years. the progression from data of entry to the study to any group iv disease was 56% (se 7%) at 5 years. however, the progression from an estimated date of seroconversion to any group iv disease was 36% (se 4%) at 5 years. this was more than doub ... | 1990 | 2133371 |
| london general practitioners' involvement with hiv infection. | a total of 2510 general practitioners in the london postal districts were circulated with a questionnaire about their involvement with patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection--1261 (50%) replies could be analysed. over half of the respondents had at least one patients who was hiv seropositive and most felt confident to handle such patients' psychosocial problems. although almost 60% of doctors had attended at least one postgraduate teaching session on the acquired immune defic ... | 1989 | 2556542 |
| [a comparison of the spectra of antibodies to individual proteins of the human immunodeficiency virus in seropositive sera collected in the territories of the ussr and england]. | antibody spectra to individual proteins of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in 74 seropositive serum samples collected in the ussr and 65 serum samples collected in britain were studied by immunoblotting techniques. most of the sera belonged to clinically healthy persons, some of the sera collected in britain contained specific igm antibodies. the results were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. in the former case the study of samples collected both in the ussr and in britain yielded s ... | 1989 | 2588879 |
| aids vaccine study begins in england. | | 1989 | 2668833 |
| needlestick injuries: how can we teach people better about risk assessment? | at work people run some small risk of death or injury which is directly attributable to their occupation. in biomedical sciences the accidental puncture of the skin by hypodermic needles, other instruments or broken glass has long been regarded as an occupational hazard and there is increasing concern that staff could become infected with a range of micro-organisms, including hepatitis b and the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). needlestick injuries should be preventable if staff are trained e ... | 1988 | 2907336 |
| seroconversion of human t cell lymphotrophic virus iii (htlv-iii) in patients with haemophilia: a longitudinal study. | patients with hemophilia are at a risk for the acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (aids). as part of a surveillance program on aids, a group of patients with hemophilia was studied for clinical and immunological features associated with the syndrome. 30 patients in england who had received factor viii treatment within 5 years were studied. 29 (male) had hemophilia a, and 1 female heterozygote had been treated for postoperative bleeding. 1 man had been tattooed over 10 years previously. no ... | 1985 | 2988690 |
| infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and cytomegalovirus in a london health district 1980-4. | by testing serum samples taken between 1980 and 1984 from men attending a department of sexually transmitted diseases, it was shown that antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) first appeared in 1981. homosexual men were significantly more likely to have antibodies to hiv and to cytomegalovirus (cmv) than were heterosexual men attending the same clinic. this shows that homosexuals are exposed to both hiv, the cause of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), and to cmv, which can ... | 1987 | 3028935 |
| cum hastis sic clypeatis: the turbulent history of the condom. | the recommendation of the surgeon general of the us public health service that individuals use the condom to prevent the risks of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and transmission has been poorly received. many oppose it on the basis of the perception that condoms would promote continued sexual activity when the solution to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is to discourage such activity. others raise questions about the efficacy of condoms in preventing hiv infection. fu ... | 1988 | 3069159 |
| general practitioners and management of infection with hiv. | general practitioners will have an increasingly important role in the management of patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and infections with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) as the numbers of cases increase. altogether 280 general practitioners working in oxfordshire were sent a postal questionnaire inquiring about their education, knowledge, current practice, and attitudes in relation to managing infections with hiv. of the 235 (84%) general practitioners who replied, ... | 1988 | 3126897 |
| survey of general practitioners' attitudes to aids in the north west thames and east anglian regions. | as the numbers of people suffering from human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) increase, so will the contribution to care required from general practice. a postal questionnaire survey was therefore carried out among general practitioners in the north west thames and east anglian regions to determine their attitudes to aids and the issues it raises for them. one hundred and thirty seven questionnaires were returned (response rate 57%) and four fa ... | 1988 | 3126898 |
| survey of human immunodeficiency virus infection among pregnant women in england and wales: 1990-93. | we report on the first four years (1990-93) of a survey within the national hiv prevalence monitoring programme. the survey's objective is to monitor the prevalence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in pregnant women in london and elsewhere in england. the survey--based in forty centres that offer antenatal care in london, greater manchester, west yorkshire, and adjacent non-metropolitan areas--uses repeated cross sectional serosurveillance for anti-hiv-1 and 2 and the unl ... | 1994 | 7527276 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis c virus infection amongst intravenous drug users in rural communities. | the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection amongst a group of intravenous drug users (ivdus) resident in west suffolk (east anglia, england) was investigated and compared with the prevalence of infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in addition, both the level of hcv persistence, as defined by detection of viral rna, and the hcv genotypes present in this population were determined. it was found that hcv antibodies were present in 59% of those test ... | 1995 | 7542693 |
| involvement of multiple cryptococcus neoformans strains in a single episode of cryptococcosis and reinfection with novel strains in recurrent infection demonstrated by random amplification of polymorphic dna and dna fingerprinting. | we compared the abilities of random amplification of polymorphic dna and dna fingerprinting, with oligonucleotide probes, to type five pairs of cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolates recovered from five separate human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in london, england. the two techniques had comparable discriminatory abilities when applied to these isolates. a total of eight different isolate types were demonstrated in these patients. no isolate type was observed in more than one pat ... | 1995 | 7699075 |
| hiv and the boundaries of confidentiality. | confidentiality is an acknowledged duty of the nurse. it has foundations in ethics and has some legal force. there is also a more disingenuous reason for citing it as a duty: that it helps a group attain professional status. this may cause an over-zealous attitude towards confidentiality in some professionals. there are legal and ethical limits to confidentiality which can be seen clearly in cases which arise out of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). whilst these make it clear that there are li ... | 1995 | 7897069 |
| practice nurses: characteristics, workload and training needs. | this study set out to identify the present and future training needs of practice nurses in south west thames regional health authority and to examine these needs within the nurses' current and changing workloads and social, educational and occupational profiles. | 1994 | 8312031 |
| a clinico-pathological audit of opportunistic viral infections in hiv-infected patients. | to determine the prevalence of opportunistic viral infections in multiple tissues at postmortems of hiv-infected patients, and to relate these findings to their antemortem clinical course. | 1993 | 8395189 |
| partner notification for hiv infection in the united kingdom: a look back on seven years experience in newcastle upon tyne. | to examine the outcome of partner notification for hiv infection. | 1993 | 8509100 |
| the development of healthcare services for drug misusers and prostitutes. | with the advent of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the increase of drug misuse in the uk, the government wishes primary care to play a greater part in treating drug problems in the hope of preventing the spread of hiv. drug misusers do not avail themselves of traditional services and many are not registered with general practitioners. in response to this liverpool health authority and family health service authority commenced a new salaried post to provide primary care services to special ... | 1995 | 8545287 |
| computer assisted learning (cal) of oral manifestations of hiv disease. | general dental practitioners (gdps) in the uk may wish additional education on relevant aspects of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease. the aim of the present study was to develop and assess a computer assisted learning package on the oral manifestations of hiv disease of relevance to gdps. a package was developed using a commercially-available software development tool and assessed by a group of 75 gdps interested in education and computers. fifty-four (72%) of the gdps completed a self- ... | 1996 | 8854425 |
| barrier methods in the operating room: surgical habits die hard. | transmission of viral infection, such as human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis b and c, is a concern for both surgeon and patient. published guidelines advise the regular use of barrier preventive measures in order to minimise the occupational exposure of surgeons. a telephone survey was conducted of 92 orthopaedic, cardiothoracic and general surgeons in the south west region of england, regarding their use of barrier methods. this survey shows that only a minority of surgeons regularly use ... | 1997 | 9135239 |
| otitis media in children with vertically-acquired hiv infection: the great ormond street hospital experience. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection continues to be a vexing problem in the pediatric population. otitis media, a common entity in immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised children, is prevalent in pediatric patients with hiv infection. recurrent infections and complications secondary to otitis media are also common in this population. the purpose of this review was to evaluate the records of a large group of children with hiv infection undergoing treatment for otitis media at a ter ... | 1998 | 9804022 |
| mycobacterium kansasii and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in london. | although mycobacterium kansasii infection has long been endemic in the u.k., the disease burden and characteristics of infection in the hiv-seropositive population has not been well documented. this study addresses these issues in an inner city population that comprises a quarter of all cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) reported in the u.k. | 1998 | 9892529 |
| comparison of intestinal function in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients in kampala and london. | white homosexual men with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) show progressive impairment of intestinal function assessed in terms of intestinal permeability and absorptive capacity. in this study we aimed to determine the effects of heterosexually acquired hiv on small-intestinal function in native africans, among whom there is a high prevalence of tropical enteropathy. | 1999 | 10423065 |
| icu admission in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus - a multicentre survey. | we conducted a retrospective study to assess the reasons for admission to the intensive care unit, and subsequent outcome, in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). four hospitals in the south of england participated, all with specialist hiv units. data were collected on 127 patients admitted to icu on 133 separate occasions between june 1993 and october 1997. the mean age on admission was 38 years (range 23-60 years). ninety-four patients (70.7%) were documented hiv-posi ... | 1999 | 10460523 |
| two simultaneous cases of cyclospora cayatensis enteritis returning from the dominican republic. | according to the "international passenger survey," published in 1996 by the office of trading standards, 534,000 british people traveled to the caribbean area (personal communication, abta, 1998). the dominican republic, the eastern end of a large caribbean island, has become in recent years one of the most popular destinations for uk holidaymakers as well as for travelers from many other countries. cyclospora cayatensis has been firmly identified as a cause of gastroenteritis among internationa ... | 2000 | 10689243 |
| a preliminary investigation of dental disease in children with hiv infection. | to establish the levels of dental caries and gingivitis in a group of hiv-positive children. | 2000 | 11310121 |
| declaration. | this article presents the declaration of the 1988 london summit of health ministers focusing on aids prevention and control. over 148 countries were represented and a total of 114 ministers of health were present. the summit adopted the year to be the year of communication and cooperation to combat aids. about 98 ministers and delegates spoke on the prevention and control of aids. 15 declarations were announced, which were: actions by all governments and people all over the world to take hee ... | 1988 | 12315655 |
| evaluation of the de-selection of men who have had sex with men from blood donation in england. | the blood services of the uk permanently de-select men who have had sex with men (msm) from donating blood. the rationale for this has been questioned. this article attempts to evaluate whether this selection criterion does contribute to blood safety. | 2003 | 12757500 |
| syphilis clusters in walsall: case profiles and public health implications. | between the beginning of december 2002 and the end of march 2003, eight cases of infectious syphilis were diagnosed in walsall. two unrelated clusters were identified. the first consisted of three cases, two heterosexual patients and a baby with congenital syphilis. the infant had no congenital stigmata of syphilis, which is consistent with recent infection. the second cluster consisted of five cases in men who have sex with men (msm) who attended a local sauna that attracts men from the midland ... | 2004 | 15137279 |
| herpes simplex virus infection of the central nervous system in human immunodeficiency virus-type 1-infected patients. | we report clinical, radiological and virological data from nine consecutive hiv-infected patients with herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection of the central nervous system (cns). three patients presented with confusion, two with fever and headache, two with anxiety and depression, one with slow mentation and memory loss and one with expressive dysphasia. five patients had previous aids-defining diagnoses: four of these five patients had previous cutaneous hsv infection. hsv dna was detected by the ... | 2004 | 15339367 |
| provision of safe potable water for immunocompromised patients in hospital. | we conducted a survey of hospital drinking water provision for patients with immunocompromising conditions in 15 trusts in the north of england. ten trusts replied, reporting on provision of drinking water in 14 separate units. of these, nine provided only tap water to all patients, irrespective of underlying condition. in two units, iced water, with ice from commercially available makers, was used. five units distinguished between neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients, with the former group ... | 2004 | 15474188 |
| are hiv/aids services in leeds, uk, able to meet the needs of asylum seekers? | the yorkshire and humberside region of england ranks second only to london for reception of those seeking asylum in the uk. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevalence amongst asylum seekers is likely to mirror that in the country of origin. in 2001, the city of leeds received 1100 asylum seekers, including dependents. many of these were from areas with high seroprevalence of hiv, and hiv-infected asylum seekers require medical and social support. are the current services for hiv-infected pers ... | 2005 | 15733692 |
| advances in anti-viral therapeutics. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hiv infections are of high economical importance as they have a global impact, high mortality rates and, consequently novel treatments are urgently needed. worldwide, 170 and 34 - 46 million people are infected with hcv and hiv, respectively. hcv and hiv medications constitute the largest antiviral markets today. the efforts in fighting hcv infections are still limited to early clinical development, trying to establish proof-of-concept in man. however, in hiv, there i ... | 2005 | 15833066 |
| use of crystal methamphetamine among gay men in london. | to examine the use of crystal methamphetamine (crystal meth) and its association with high-risk sexual behaviour among gay men in london. | 2006 | 17034442 |
| lymphogranuloma venereum in the united kingdom. | over the past 2 years, lymphogranuloma venereum (lgv), caused by l serovars of chlamydia trachomatis, has emerged as a significant problem among men who have sex with men (msm). we report on, to our knowledge, the largest case series of lgv to date, with detailed epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the epidemic in the united kingdom. | 2007 | 17143811 |
| increased rates of preterm delivery are associated with the initiation of highly active antiretrovial therapy during pregnancy: a single-center cohort study. | it remains controversial whether in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive pregnant women an increased rate of preterm delivery is associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). since 1995 the management and outcome of all hiv-infected pregnant women delivering at st. mary's hospital london have been prospectively documented. the prevalence of preterm delivery and the correlation between gestational age and type of antiretroviral therapy were sought: preterm delivery occurred ... | 2007 | 17624841 |
| investigating tuberculosis trends in england. | to investigate the factors associated with the increasing incidence of tuberculosis in england. | 2008 | 18672258 |
| setting up an enhanced surveillance of newly acquired hepatitis c infection in men who have sex with men: a pilot in london and south east region of england. | preliminary findings suggest ongoing hcv transmission among msm infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and that enhanced surveillance for newly acquired hcv in msm is feasible. | 2008 | 19021960 |
| the infectious diseases biobank at king's college london: archiving samples from patients infected with hiv to facilitate translational research. | the king's college london (kcl) infectious diseases biobank opened in 2007 and collects peripheral venous blood (pvb) from individuals infected with pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). pvbs are fractionated into plasmas, lymphocytes and dna and are then frozen. all donations are from subjects who have given 'open consent' so samples can be used for virtually any type of biomedical research. the hiv component of the biobank contains samples from over 400 donations from 138 hiv ... | 2009 | 19886990 |
| missed opportunities for hiv testing--a costly oversight. | in the uk, one-third of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals are unaware of their diagnosis, and of those diagnosed a similar proportion have late stage disease. to address this national guidelines have been introduced promoting hiv testing across all medical specialities. we investigated hiv testing patterns in an inner london area with high local hiv prevalence, to identify missed opportunities for hiv testing and its consequences. | 2010 | 21134902 |
| mapping of sexual health promotion in north west england, 2008. | to map sexual health promotion activity and resources across north west england. | 2011 | 21276994 |
| loss to follow-up among adults attending human immunodeficiency virus services in england, wales, and northern ireland. | : to assess the extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-diagnosed adults attending hiv-services in england, wales, and northern ireland are lost to follow-up or attend services intermittently. | 2011 | 21844719 |