| grain quality characteristics of rice in madagascar retail markets. | a survey of rice in retail markets of madagascar with emphasis on the surplus regions of marovoay and lac alaotra and the deficient area, antananarivo city showed rices of madagascar to be predominantly medium-long, medium-shaped, with high apparent amylose content, low gelatinization temperature, and soft, hard or medium gel consistency. mean protein content was 7.5%. percent white grains among red and white grains ranged from 0 to 100% (mean 56%), head rice 0-94%, translucency 6-66%, and kett ... | 1990 | 2345731 |
| endemic fluorosis in ceylon. | | 1974 | 4156615 |
| [study of catch crop of fodder in rice-fields in the area of tananarive]. | | 1970 | 5464700 |
| [observations on the dynamics of populations of trichispa sericea guerin, coleoptera hispinae noxious to rice in madagascar]. | | 1970 | 4249152 |
| rice-flour-based oral rehydration solution for diarrhoeal diseases. | dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, the main causes of morbidity and mortality in diarrheal diseases, have been treated with glucose-based oral rehydration solutions. however, there have been difficulties due to unavailability, cost and unpalatable solutions. 300 children, from age 4 weeks to 12 years, in jaffna, sri lanka, were treated with rice-flour based oral rehydration solution (ors). this solution was made by boiling 50g. rice flour with 1 liter water and adding a prepackaged salt p ... | 1988 | 3406991 |
| [epidemiology and prevention of keratitis in rice harvesters]. | | 1988 | 3042100 |
| reducing vector-borne disease by empowering farmers in integrated vector management. | irrigated agriculture exposes rural people to health risks associated with vector-borne diseases and pesticides used in agriculture and for public health protection. most developing countries lack collaboration between the agricultural and health sectors to jointly address these problems. | 2007 | 17768506 |
| effect of parboiling and bran removal on aflatoxin levels in sri lankan rice. | commercial parboiling of rice in sri lanka and many south asian countries provides ideal conditions for the occurrence of aflatoxins because the rice is steeped (allowing fermentation) thus providing ideal conditions for growth of toxigenic aspergillus species. however the traditional 'cottage' method of parboiling rice, which does not involve steeping, appears to reduce aspergillus growth even after long storage periods. preferential infection of parboiled rice by aspergillus flavus was observe ... | 1991 | 1922267 |
| occurrence of aflatoxins in parboiled rice in sri lanka. | in sri lanka, rice is the main staple which is mostly processed into parboiled rice. the levels of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) and aflatoxin g1 (afg1) in parboiled and raw milled rice collected from major rice producing areas and rice consuming townships were estimated. in almost all the samples of parboiled rice examined, the afb1 and afg1 contents were significantly higher than in raw milled rice. the highest afb1 content was 185 micrograms/kg and afg1 content 963 micrograms/kg. these samples were col ... | 1991 | 1779999 |
| community-based rice ecosystem management for suppressing vector anophelines in sri lanka. | sri lanka is one of the asian countries most affected by mosquito-borne diseases, especially malaria. this 18-month study assessed the effectiveness of a new community-based ecosystem management programme to control mosquito vectors in the country's rice ecosystem. farmers in a malaria-prone village were educated and motivated to engage in source reduction as well as measures to restore and maximise rice ecosystem functions. over the course of the programme, the impact of farmers' ecosystem mana ... | 2006 | 16730765 |
| the farmer field school: a method for enhancing the role of rural communities in malaria control ? | malaria has strong linkages with agriculture, and farmers in malarious regions have a central position in creating or controlling the conditions that favour disease transmission. an interdisciplinary and integrated approach is needed to involve farmers and more than one sector in control efforts. it is suggested that malaria control can benefit from a complementary intervention in rural development, the farmer field school (ffs) on integrated pest management (ipm). this is a form of education th ... | 2006 | 16423295 |
| concentration levels of major and trace elements in rice from sri lanka as determined by the k0 standardization method. | instrumental neutron activation (inaa) with k0 standardization has been used to determine the concentration levels of a variety of major and trace elements (al, as, br, cd, cl, co, cr, cs, cu, fe, hg, k, la, mg, mn, mo, na, rb, sc, se, and zn) in rice grains (raw and parboiled) and in rice flour collected from local markets in sri lanka. in addition, the energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (edxrf) analysis has been used to determine the three elements ca, p, and s in powdered samples. to evalua ... | 2005 | 15695850 |
| geochemistry of trace elements in paddy (rice) soils of sri lanka--implications for iodine deficiency disorders (idd). | iodine deficiency disorders (idd) are a common health problem prevalent in the wet zone of sri lanka with a prevalence of >25% of the population. in comparison, in the dry zone of sri lanka idd occurs in <10% of the population. seventy soil samples from 14 villages selected on the basis of the incidence of goitre, were collected and analysed for 13 trace elements using icp-ms. in order to identify any prevailing differences in antecedent chemical environments, soil samples from each pre-selected ... | 2005 | 15688131 |
| malarial vectors in an irrigated rice cultivation area in southern sri lanka. | entomological surveys were carried out from march 1998 to december 1999 to study the prevalence, distribution and abundance of malarial vectors in relation to selected environmental factors and potential mosquito breeding sites in irrigation channels in 15 villages in the lunugamvehera irrigation and settlement project, a malaria-endemic area of southern sri lanka. mosquito collections were made at monthly intervals using four sampling methods. thirteen anopheline species were collected. followi ... | 2005 | 15607337 |
| na2edta enhances the absorption of iron and zinc from fortified rice flour in sri lankan children. | rice flour was proposed as a vehicle for iron and zinc fortification in sri lanka. although widely consumed, rice flour has not been evaluated as a fortified food, and the absorption of minerals including iron and zinc from this flour is unknown. determination of the bioavailability of these nutrients is a critical step before commencing a fortification program. we randomly divided 53 sri lankan schoolchildren ages 6-10 y into 4 groups that consumed a local dish prepared with 25 g of fortified r ... | 2004 | 15514271 |
| development of a dna probe and a pcr based diagnostic assay for rhizoctonia solani using a repetitive dna sequence cloned from a sri lankan isolate. | rhizoctonia solani is a destructive fungal pathogen of many economically important plants all over the world and the causative organism of sheath blight of rice in many tropical countries including sri lanka. a repetitive sequence from the genome of r. solani was cloned and characterized with a view to develop a dna probe and a pcr diagnostic assay for detection of the fungus. the cloned sequence was 1550 bp long and appeared to be interspersed throughout the genome. the cloned sequence hybridiz ... | 2004 | 15323247 |
| rice: location is vital in crop management. | | 2004 | 15215835 |
| [anopheles and malaria transmission in ambohimena, a village in the occidental fringe of madagascar highlands]. | the anopheline vectors and malaria transmission were investigated in the middle west of madagascar, in the village of ambohimena (at the altitude of 940 meters) during two years (august 1996 to july 1998). this village is located outside the vector control area, where yearly ddt house spraying campaigns have been conducted between 1993 and 1998. collection of mosquitoes was mainly based on all night man billing collections (650 man-nights), pyrethrum spray catches (224 bedrooms) and direct colle ... | 2004 | 15071831 |
| rice cultivation: feast or famine? | | 2004 | 15042057 |
| malaria transmission in southern madagascar: influence of the environment and hydro-agricultural works in sub-arid and humid regions. part 1. entomological investigations. | a 4-year entomological study was carried out in southern madagascar to identify malaria vectors, evaluate the transmission and compare the influence of irrigation in the sub-arid and adjacent humid regions. three villages were involved in this entomological survey: androvasoa (located in the natural sub-arid ecosystem), pépiniére (sited at the centre of an irrigated rice scheme in the sub-arid region) and esana (bordered with rice fields in the humid region). mosquitoes were collected inside and ... | 2004 | 14732241 |
| [ecoethology of vectors and transmission of malaria in the lowland rice growing region of mandritsara, madagascar ]. | to evaluate the determining factors of the malaria transmission in the northwest region of madagascar, transversal studies were carried out through one year, from march 1997 to april 1998, in two villages located near mandritsara, at less than 300 meters above sea level. the rice-growing region forms an intermediate zone between the central highlands with epidemic and instable malaria and the coastal zone with endemic and stable malaria. mosquitoes were collected when landing on humans during th ... | 2003 | 14717053 |
| injuries to children caused by burning rice husk. | a case study of injury to the feet of children from sri lanka due to burning husk is discussed. the hot husk causes deep burns on the dorsum of the feet and spares the plantar surface. the contractures caused by the burns lead to severe deformity, and are very resistant to treatment. these burn injuries need to be treated early, in specialized centers, to avoid long term complications. health education of the public plays an important role in the prevention of these injuries. | 2002 | 11834339 |
| glycaemic indices of different varieties of rice grown in sri lanka. | varieties of red raw rice are widely believed to have a better nutritional quality. the physiological effects of consuming different varieties of rice may not be so. the glycaemic index has been developed as an indicator of the physiological effect of foods. it is the glycaemic response of a 50 g carbohydrate portion of food expressed as a percentage of that of a standard. the objective of this study was to determine the glycaemic indices of different varieties of rice grown in sri lanka. | 2001 | 11569992 |
| selenium and iodine in soil, rice and drinking water in relation to endemic goitre in sri lanka. | endemic goitre has been reported in the climatic wet zone of south-west sri lanka for the past 50 years, but rarely occurs in the northern dry zone. despite government-sponsored iodised salt programmes, endemic goitre is still prevalent. in recent years, it has been suggested that se deficiency may be an important factor in the onset of goitre and other iodine deficiency disorders (idd). prior to the present study, environmental concentrations of se in sri lanka and the possible relationships be ... | 2000 | 11194147 |
| diversity of malaria in rice growing areas of the afrotropical region. | it is well known that 'in many instances the rice agrosystem perfectly fits the ecological requirements of pathogens or vectors' and in fact 'malaria, schistosomiasis and japanese encephalitis are important vector-borne diseases associated with rice production in developing countries' (irri, 1987). in spite of these fears, rice cultivation has been on the increase in the african region in response to demographic and economic pressures. however, although rice fields provide suitable breeding plac ... | 1999 | 10697868 |
| [anopheles funestus and rice agriculture in the madagascar highlands]. | an exhaustive study of the potential habitats of anopheles funestus was led during 1992 in ankazobe on the plateau of madagascar, 95 km northwest of the capital tananarive. the rice fields provide more than 90% of the positive habitats versus less than 10% for the nonhuman biotopes. larva are especially abundant on the surfaces of the rice during grain head formation and maturation. the dense vegetation coverage provides them with shade and protection against predators. after harvesting, the fol ... | 1995 | 8784552 |
| [rice: source of life and death on the plateaux of madagascar]. | since the 17th century, europeans travelling in madagascar described the contrast between the fever-free plateau and the fever-ridden coasts. the former were inhabited by people of asiatic origins and the latter by african migrants. at the end of the 18th century, "merina" kings developed land irrigation and rice cultivation, using manpower from the coasts. since then, rice has become a monoculture covering most of the arable lands of the highlands. the first malaria epidemic occurred in the tan ... | 1996 | 8705134 |
| [epidemiological stratification of malaria in madagascar]. | madagascar is considered as a sub-region of the afrotropical geographical region in spite of the high endemicity of 95% of the invertebrates. nevertheless the three malaria vectors an. gambiae s.s., an. arabiensis and an. funestus are quite similar to those of the continental africa. this support the hypothesis of their recent introduction. plasmodium falciparum is the dominant parasite but the prevalence of p. vivax is not negligible. it is linked to the asian component of the human population. ... | 1993 | 8192542 |
| [diabetes in tananarive: an example of diabetes among rice-eating people]. | | 1966 | 5930746 |
| impact of education on knowledge, agricultural practices, and community actions for mosquito control and mosquito-borne disease prevention in rice ecosystems in sri lanka. | mosquito-borne diseases are a major public health threat in sri lanka. a 20-week pilot education program to improve community knowledge and mosquito control with participatory and non-chemical approaches was developed, implemented, and evaluated using pre-educational and post-educational surveys in two intervention and two comparison villages. correlates of baseline knowledge were sex, number of family members, ratio of family members with malaria history, school education level, and availabilit ... | 2006 | 16760516 |
| determining areas that require indoor insecticide spraying using multi criteria evaluation, a decision-support tool for malaria vector control programmes in the central highlands of madagascar. | the highlands of madagascar present an unstable transmission pattern of malaria. the population has no immunity, and the central highlands have been the sites of epidemics with particularly high fatality. the most recent epidemic occurred in the 1980s, and caused about 30,000 deaths. the fight against malaria epidemics in the highlands has been based on indoor insecticide spraying to control malaria vectors. any preventive programme involving generalised cover in the highlands will require very ... | 2007 | 17261177 |
| ecology of vector mosquitoes in sri lanka--suggestions for future mosquito control in rice ecosystems. | mosquito-borne diseases are a major public health threat in asia. to explore effective mosquito control strategies in rice ecosystems from the ecological point of view, we carried out ecological analyses of vector mosquitoes in sri lanka. during the 18-month study period, 14 anopheles, 11 culex, 5 aedes, 2 mansonia, and 1 armigeres species were collected, most of which are disease vectors for malaria, filariasis, japanese encephalitis, or dengue in sri lanka and elsewhere in asia. the density an ... | 2007 | 17883002 |
| british india and the "beriberi problem", 1798-1942. | | 2010 | 20592882 |
| chronic renal failure among farm families in cascade irrigation systems in sri lanka associated with elevated dietary cadmium levels in rice and freshwater fish (tilapia). | chronic renal failure (crf), in the main agricultural region under reservoir based cascade irrigation in sri lanka has reached crisis proportion. over 5,000 patients in the region are under treatment for crf. the objective of this study is to establish the etiology of the crf. concentrations of nine heavy metals were determined in sediments, soils of reservoir peripheries, water and nelumbo nucifera (lotus) grown in five major reservoirs that supply irrigation water. all five reservoirs carried ... | 2008 | 18200439 |
| supplementation with fish flour of a rice diet fed to convalescent children. | | 1966 | 5299248 |
| soil amendments and cultivar selection can improve rice yield in salt-influenced (tsunami-affected) paddy fields in sri lanka. | the tsunami disaster in the indian ocean in december 2004 caused devastation of agricultural soils by salt water over wide areas. many rice fields located close to the coast were affected by the flood of seawater. electric conductivity (ec) of soils in tsunami-affected rice fields was found to be higher compared to unaffected fields 2 years after the tsunami. four soil amendments (gypsum, dolomite, cinnamon ash and rice-husk-charcoal) were tested for their influence on improving the yield parame ... | 2009 | 19255858 |