| characterization of avian metapneumoviruses isolated in the usa. | avian pneumovirus (apv; officially known as turkey rhinotracheitis virus) is an emergent pathogen of birds in the usa that results in upper respiratory tract disease in turkeys. six years after the first outbreak in the usa, the disease continues to ravage turkey flocks, primarily in the state of minnesota. from 1997 to 2000, the industry recorded losses estimated at 15 million us dollars per annum. researchers have developed sensitive diagnostic techniques, including the enzyme-linked immunosor ... | 2002 | 12665110 |
| canada geese and the epidemiology of avian influenza viruses. | canada geese (branta canadensis) are numerous, highly visible, and widely distributed in both migratory and resident populations in north america; as a member of the order anseriformes, they are often suggested as a potential reservoir and source for avian influenza (ai) viruses. to further examine the role of canada geese in the ecology of ai, we re-evaluated existing literature related to ai virus in this species and tested breeding populations of canada geese from three states (georgia, west ... | 2010 | 20688710 |
| subtype-specific influenza a virus antibodies in canada geese (branta canadensis). | historically, surveillance for influenza a viruses (iavs) in wild birds has relied on viral detection assays. this was largely due to poor performance of serological assays in wild birds; however, recently developed commercial serological assays have improved the ability to detect iav antibodies in wild birds. serological surveillance for iav antibodies in canada geese (branta canadensis) has shown that, despite a low prevalence of virus isolations, canada geese are frequently exposed to iavs an ... | 2015 | 25845755 |
| antibodies to avian influenza viruses in canada geese (branta canadensis): a potential surveillance tool? | traditionally, the epidemiology of avian influenza viruses (aivs) in wild birds has been defined by detection of virus or viral rna through virus isolation or reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. our goals were to estimate aiv antibody prevalence in canada geese (branta canadensis) and measure effects of age and location on these estimates. we collected 3,205 samples from nine states during june and july 2008 and 2009: georgia, massachusetts, minnesota, mississippi, new jersey, north ... | 2012 | 23060517 |