| phylogenetic analysis reveals the global migration of seasonal influenza a viruses. | the winter seasonality of influenza a virus in temperate climates is one of the most widely recognized, yet least understood, epidemiological patterns in infectious disease. central to understanding what drives the seasonal emergence of this important human pathogen is determining what becomes of the virus during the non-epidemic summer months. herein, we take a step towards elucidating the seasonal emergence of influenza virus by determining the evolutionary relationship between populations of ... | 2007 | 17941707 |
| the genomic and epidemiological dynamics of human influenza a virus. | the evolutionary interaction between influenza a virus and the human immune system, manifest as 'antigenic drift' of the viral haemagglutinin, is one of the best described patterns in molecular evolution. however, little is known about the genome-scale evolutionary dynamics of this pathogen. similarly, how genomic processes relate to global influenza epidemiology, in which the a/h3n2 and a/h1n1 subtypes co-circulate, is poorly understood. here through an analysis of 1,302 complete viral genomes ... | 2008 | 18418375 |
| non-random reassortment in human influenza a viruses. | the influenza a virus has two basic modes of evolution. because of a high error rate in the process of replication by rna polymerase, the viral genome drifts via accumulated mutations. the second mode of evolution is termed a shift, which results from the reassortment of the eight segments of this virus. when two different influenza viruses co-infect the same host cell, new virions can be released that contain segments from both parental strains. this type of shift has been the source of at leas ... | 2008 | 19453489 |