| prevalence of antibody titers to leptospira spp. in minnesota white-tailed deer. | serum samples (n = 204) from 124 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern minnesota (usa) were collected from 1984 through 1989 and tested for antibodies to six serovars of leptospira interrogans (bratislava, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohemorrhagiae, and pomona) using a microtiter agglutination test. eighty-eight (43%) sera were positive at greater than or equal to 1:100 for antibodies against serovars pomona and/or bratislava; none was positive for any of the other ... | 1992 | 1512878 |
| serological evidence of california group and cache valley virus infection in minnesota white-tailed deer. | blood samples were obtained from 138 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) harvested at three sites surrounding the greater minneapolis-st. paul, minnesota, metropolitan area (usa) and tested for neutralizing antibody to cache valley virus and three california serogroup (jamestown canyon, la crosse, trivittatus) viruses (bunyaviridae). deer at each site had neutralizing antibody to one or more california serogroup viruses and/or cache valley virus. the majority of adult deer (85%) had antib ... | 1991 | 1906113 |
| serologic surveillance for the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, in minnesota by using white-tailed deer as sentinel animals. | to determine the effectiveness of white-tailed deer as sentinel animals in serologic surveillance programs for borrelia burgdorferi, we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western immunoblotting analyses on 467 deer serum samples. the seropositivity rate in the elisa was 5% for the 150 samples collected at the three sites in which the tick ixodes scapularis was absent. the three sites with established i. scapularis populations had a seropositivity rate of 80% for 317 samples. ... | 1994 | 8150955 |
| prevalence of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, in deer ticks (ixodes dammini) collected from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in saint croix state park, minnesota. | during a special two-day hunt (11, 12 november 1989) in saint croix state park, minnesota (usa), one side of the neck for each of 146 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) was examined for ticks. of the 5,442 ticks collected, 90% (4,893) were the winter tick, dermacentor albipictus, and 10% (549) were the deer tick, ixodes dammini, the primary vector of the causative agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi. adult males had the greatest frequency of infestation of either d. albipictus (1 ... | 1993 | 8445791 |
| caprine herpesvirus-2-associated malignant catarrhal fever in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | a subacute disease presenting primarily as alopecia and weight loss occurred in 2 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) on farms in minnesota and in texas. a presumptive diagnosis of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) was made on the basis of histological lesions. antibody against an epitope conserved among the mcf group viruses was detected in the serum of both deer. dna samples from the deer were subjected to a variety of pcr amplifications. alignment of the amplified sequences from the dise ... | 2003 | 12580295 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from iowa and minnesota using four serologic tests. | the white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) is considered one of the most important wildlife reservoirs of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in the us. sera from white-tailed deer from minnesota and iowa were tested for antibodies to n. caninum by four serologic tests including the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test (cut-off 1:25), neospora caninum agglutination test (cut-off 1:25), an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay, and western blot (wb). sera were also tested for antibodies ... | 2009 | 19285809 |
| agents of human anaplasmosis and lyme disease at camp ripley, minnesota. | the transmission dynamics of anaplasma phagocytophilum (ap) and borrelia burgdorferi (bb) among ixodes scapularis (is) and mammalian hosts was investigated at camp ripley, an area representative of central minnesota. prevalence of white-footed mouse infection with ap and bb were 20% and 42%, respectively, with a coinfection level of 14%. peak levels of infection with both agents occurred in may. the average levels of seropositivity to ap and bb were 29.3% and 48%, respectively. of the mice infec ... | 2011 | 21867420 |
| re-evaluating neonatal-age models for ungulates: does model choice affect survival estimates? | new-hoof growth is regarded as the most reliable metric for predicting age of newborn ungulates, but variation in estimated age among hoof-growth equations that have been developed may affect estimates of survival in staggered-entry models. we used known-age newborns to evaluate variation in age estimates among existing hoof-growth equations and to determine the consequences of that variation on survival estimates. during 2001-2009, we captured and radiocollared 174 newborn (≤24-hrs old) ungulat ... | 2014 | 25264612 |
| spatial heterogeneity of mitochondrial dna and allozymes among populations of white-tailed deer and mule deer. | a white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) population in northeastern minnesota and a mule deer (o. hemionus) population in the bridger mountains montana, have previously been shown to be spatially subdivided into contiguous subpopulations. we assessed the degree of genetic differentiation among subpopulations and tested the hypothesis that differentiation will be greater for mitochondrial dna (mtdna) than for nuclear-encoded allozymes. differentiation of the white-tailed deer subpopulations w ... | 2007 | 1849522 |
| epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in white tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus): occurrence, congenital transmission, correlates of infection, isolation, and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii. | the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in white tailed deer (wtd) in the usa is high but little is known of the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in this host. in the present study, we compared t. gondii seroprevalence from 749 wtd collected in 2012 and 2013 from a metropolitan park in ohio and 487 wtd deer shot in minnesota during 2008, 2009, and 2010. serum samples were tested for antibodies to t. gondii by the modified agglutination test (cut-off titer, 25). additionally myocardial samples from 123 ... | 2014 | 24582734 |
| necropsy findings in 62 opportunistically collected free-ranging moose (alces alces) from minnesota, usa (2003-13). | the minnesota, us moose population has declined dramatically since the 1990s. all 54 carcasses of moose that died of unknown cause or were euthanized by gun shot by tribal or department of natural resources personnel because of perceived signs of illness between 2003 and 2013 and eight carcasses of moose that died from vehicular accidents between 2009 and 2013 were submitted to the minnesota veterinary diagnostic laboratory and included in our study. the majority of the animals were underweight ... | 2015 | 25390764 |
| landscape influence on spatial patterns of meningeal worm and liver fluke infection in white-tailed deer. | parasites that primarily infect white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), such as liver flukes (fascioloides magna) and meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis), can cause morbidity and mortality when incidentally infecting moose (alces alces). ecological factors are expected to influence spatial variation in infection risk by affecting the survival of free-living life stages outside the host and the abundance of intermediate gastropod hosts. here, we investigate how ecology influenced the ... | 2015 | 25498206 |
| characterization of the risk of deer-cattle interactions in minnesota by use of an on-farm environmental assessment tool. | to characterize the risk of interactions that may lead to the transmission of mycobacterium bovis between cattle and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) on farms in northern minnesota. | 2011 | 21728853 |
| public acceptance as a determinant of management strategies for bovine tuberculosis in free-ranging u.s. wildlife. | when bovine tuberculosis (btb) is detected in free-ranging wildlife populations, preventing geographic spread and the establishment of a wildlife reservoir requires rapid, often aggressive response. public tolerance can exert a significant effect on potential control measures available to managers, and thus on the success of disease management efforts. separate outbreaks of btb in free-ranging white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in two midwestern states provide a case study. in minnesota, ... | 2011 | 21439739 |
| selenium status and antibodies to selected pathogens in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in southern minnesota. | to determine exposure to a variety of infectious diseases potentially important for native ungulates, livestock, and humans, serum samples from 114 (94 adults, 20 fawns) female white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were collected during january 2000-03 from multiple locations in southeast (se) and southwest (sw) minnesota. antibody prevalence was determined for the following pathogens: mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, leptospira interrogans (six serovars), anaplasma marginale, b ... | 2008 | 18263838 |
| tonsillar biopsy test for chronic wasting disease: two sampling approaches in mule deer and white-tailed deer. | preclinical antemortem testing of deer (odocoileus spp.) for chronic wasting disease (cwd) can be important for determining prevalence rates and removing infected individuals from wild populations. because samples with high numbers of tonsillar follicles are likely to provide earlier detection of cwd than samples with fewer follicles, the method of obtaining follicular samples may be critical when investigating disease prevalence. between january 2003 and january 2005, white-tailed deer (o. virg ... | 2005 | 16456177 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from free-ranging deer and rabbits surrounding minnesota dairy herds. | the objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) among deer and rabbits surrounding infected and noninfected minnesota dairy farms using fecal culture, and to describe the frequency that farm management practices were used that could potentially lead to transmission of infection between these species. fecal samples from cows and the cow environment were collected from 108 minnesota dairy herds, and fecal pellets from free-ranging w ... | 2005 | 15745220 |
| the possible importance of wintering yards in the transmission of parelaphostrongylus tenuis to white-tailed deer and moose. | terrestrial gastropods were collected, 15 june to 25 november 1994, from beneath cardboard sheets on deer range in northeastern minnesota (usa) and examined individually for larvae of parelaphostrongylus tenuis, the meningeal worm of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). overall, 10 (0.08%) of 12,096 snails and slugs were infected with a mean (+/- sd) of 3.2 +/- 2.5 p. tenuis larvae. the prevalence of infection in gastropods was greater in a traditional deer wintering yard (seven of 4,401, ... | 1996 | 8627933 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in hunter-killed white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in four regions of minnesota. | sera from 1,367 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from 4 geographic regions in minnesota collected during 4 hunting seasons (1990-1993) were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii using the modified direct agglutination test incorporating mercaptoethanol. sera from 30% of the deer had antibody titers > or = 25; 8.6% were positive at a titer of 25, 11% at a titer of 50, and 10% at a titer > or = 500. there was a significant increase in seropositivity with age (p < 0.0001). adult deer ... | 1996 | 8627499 |
| infrapopulation dynamics of parelaphostrongylus tenuis in white-tailed deer. | the prevalence and intensity of parelaphostrongylus tenuis was determined by examining the head and a fecal sample from each of 379 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) of known age that had been killed by vehicles in northeastern minnesota (usa), november 1991 to may 1993. small numbers of adult worms (mean +/- sd, 3.2 +/- 2.2; maximum, 13) were found in the cranium of 311 (82%); but over a third (118 of 311) of the infected deer were not passing larvae in their feces. most occult infecti ... | 1995 | 8583628 |
| isolation of the lyme disease spirochete from mammals in minnesota. | lyme disease spirochetes were isolated from the kidneys of two peromyscus spp. trapped in minnesota in september and october 1983. no spirochetes were isolated from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), red backed voles (clethrionomys gapperi), or shrews (sorexy cinereus and blarina brevicauda). this is the first report of the isolation of the lyme disease spirochete from the midwestern united states and isolations from these animals, which were free of ticks, suggest that the lyme disease ... | 1985 | 4001130 |
| evaluation of pathogen-specific biomarkers for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | objective to develop a noninvasive biomarker-based detection system specific for mycobacterium bovis for monitoring infection in wild animals. sample serum samples from 8 experimentally infected yearling white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and 3 age-matched control deer and from 393 minnesota department of natural resources hunter-harvested white-tailed deer in northwest minnesota. procedures 8 yearling deer were inoculated with 2 × 10(8) cfus of virulent m bovis strain 1315 (day 0), and ... | 2017 | 28541150 |
| prevalence of sarcocystis in wolves and white-tailed deer in northeastern minnesota. | the prevalence of sarcocystis (protozoa: sarcocystidae) in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from northeastern minnesota was determined by histologic examination of tongue samples. seventy-nine of 100 deer were infected; infection was higher in yearlings and adults than in fawns. sporocysts of sarcocystis were found in 3% of 72 wolf (canis lupus) scats. three of four captive wolves fed muscle from a white-tailed deer naturally infected with sarcocystis shed sporocysts 12-14 days later. | 1986 | 3086576 |
| a novel bipolar electric fence for excluding white-tailed deer from stored livestock feed. | where cattle (bos taurus) and free-ranging white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) coexist, they frequently share space and resources, potentially resulting in damage to stores of livestock feed and risk of interspecies disease transmission. preventing use of stored feed by deer can be an important objective in farm management, depending on amount of damage experienced and perceived risk of disease transmission. woven wire fences (2.4 to 3.0 m high) are generally considered to be the most eff ... | 2012 | 22859758 |
| descriptive epidemiology and whole genome sequencing analysis for an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in beef cattle and white-tailed deer in northwestern minnesota. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) was discovered in a minnesota cow through routine slaughter surveillance in 2005 and the resulting epidemiological investigation led to the discovery of infection in both cattle and white-tailed deer in the state. from 2005 through 2009, a total of 12 beef cattle herds and 27 free-ranging white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were found infected in a small geographic region of northwestern minnesota. genotyping of isolates determined both cattle and deer shared the ... | 2016 | 26785113 |
| patterns of cattle farm visitation by white-tailed deer in relation to risk of disease transmission in a previously infected area with bovine tuberculosis in minnesota, usa. | the main objective of this study was to characterize spatial patterns of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) movement related to bovine tuberculosis (btb) transmission risk to cattle in north-western minnesota. twenty-one adult deer (16 females and 5 males) were captured during winter (january-march) 2011 in areas adjacent to where an outbreak (2005-2009) of btb occurred in deer and cattle. deer were fitted with gps collars programmed to collect deer location information every 90 min over ... | 2016 | 27393719 |
| seroprevalence, isolation, first genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii, and possible congenital transmission in wild moose from minnesota, usa. | toxoplasma gondii infections are widespread in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) but little is known of its prevalence in other cervids in the usa. moose (alces alces) is a popular large game animal, hunted for its meat and trophy antlers. here, we report seroprevalence, isolation, and genetic characterization of t. gondii from moose from minnesota. antibodies against t. gondii were detected in 8 of 79 (10%) moose tested by the modified agglutination test (mat 1:25 or higher). the myoca ... | 2016 | 26472716 |