| rocky mountain spotted fever in connecticut: human cases, spotted-fever group rickettsiae in ticks, and antibodies in mammals. | three parameters were used in 1976 and 1977 to assess the status of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) in connecticut--compilation and review of clinical data on suspected human cases for the 13-year period 1965--1977, examination of tick tissues for spotted fever-group rickettsiae by the hemolymph test and direct immunofluorescence, and analyses of mammalian sera for antibodies against rickettsia rickettsii. there were six presumptive rmsf cases which probably originated in connecticut. four o ... | 1979 | 111543 |
| antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in deer and raccoons. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect serum antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme borreliosis, in deer (odocoileus virginianus) and raccoons (procyon lotor). blood samples were collected from these mammals in connecticut, maryland, north carolina, georgia and florida. seropositivity for deer was highest in connecticut (56% of 353 sera) and maryland (51% of 35 sera). raccoons in connecticut, maryland, north carolina, and florida also had an ... | 1991 | 1758022 |
| spirochetes in ticks and antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in white-tailed deer from connecticut, new york state, and north carolina. | ticks were screened for spirochetes and serum samples from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were assayed for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi during 1983-1984. using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled rabbit antibodies produced to b. burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, spirochetes were detected in ixodes dammini (10.5% of 1,193) and dermacentor albipictus (0.6% of 157) adults from connecticut, i. dammini nymphs (49.1% of 108) and adults (64.7% of 99) from armonk, new yo ... | 1986 | 3520030 |
| antibodies to spirochetes in white-tailed deer and prevalence of infected ticks from foci of lyme disease in connecticut. | white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were examined for the tick, ixodes dammini, and sera were analyzed for antibodies to spirochetes during 1982. of the 323 animals inspected in four areas endemic for lyme disease, 188 (58%) had adult ticks; parasitism ranged from 43% at haddam to 82% at east lyme. direct and indirect fluorescent antibody tests detected spirochetes in 18 of 133 (14%) ticks. indirect immunofluorescence tests revealed antibodies at titers of 1:64-1:4,096 to this bacterium i ... | 1984 | 6716556 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in an urban environment: white-tailed deer with infected ticks and antibodies. | ticks and blood samples were collected from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in forests located in an insular, urban area of bridgeport, conn., and in rural south central connecticut during 1992 and 1993. immature and adult ixodes scapularis ticks were tested for borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis, by indirect fluorescent-antibody staining methods. deer sera were analyzed for antibodies to this bacterium by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. infected ticks ... | 1995 | 7751354 |
| geographic distribution of white-tailed deer with ticks and antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in connecticut. | ticks and blood specimens were collected from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in connecticut and analyzed to identify foci for lyme borreliosis. males and females of ixodes scapularis, the chief vector of borrelia burgdorferi, were collected from deer in five of eight counties during 1989-1991. analysis by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) staining of midgut tissues showed that prevalence of infection was highest (9.5% of 367 ticks) in south central and southeastern connecticut. inf ... | 1993 | 8256460 |
| analyses of mammalian sera in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with different strains of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | blood samples were collected from cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus), raccoons (procyon lotor), white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) between 1977 and 1991 in southern connecticut and new york state (usa) and were tested for antibodies against eight strains of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. among these spirochetes were six strains of b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, one strain of b. garinii (=ip90) and ... | 1995 | 8583632 |
| presence of ixodiphagus hookeri (hymenoptera: encyrtidae) in two connecticut populations of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae). | two connecticut populations of the black-legged tick, ixodes scapularis (say), the vector of lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia bugrdorferi sensu stricto johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner, in the northeastern united states, are parasitized by the encyrtid wasp ixodiphagus hookeri (howard), formerly hunterellus hookeri. the wasp was first detected in ticks from a forested site in bridgeport in 1992. i. hookeri was reared from 18.6% of 148 host-seeking i. scapularis nymphs. in 1993 and ... | 1996 | 8906928 |
| serologic evidence of jamestown canyon virus infection in white-tailed deer populations from connecticut. | we determined the prevalence and distribution of jamestown canyon (jc) virus antibody in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) populations in connecticut, usa. sera were collected from hunter-killed deer during 1993. antibody to jc virus was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in 92 (21%) of 446 deer sera, and was uniformly distributed among geographic sites. twenty-one elisa-positive sera were tested and confirmed positive by plaque reduction neutralization testing. this ... | 1997 | 9249710 |
| infections of granulocytic ehrlichiae and borrelia burgdorferi in white-tailed deer in connecticut. | serum or whole blood samples, obtained from 141 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in connecticut (usa) during 1980, 1991, and 1996, were analyzed to detect past or current infections of ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup organisms and borrelia burgdorferi. when the bds or nch-1 strains of granulocytic ehrlichiae were used separately in indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) staining methods, antibody positivity rates varied from 25 to 64% in 1991 and 1996, respectively. all 50 sera tested ... | 1999 | 10231753 |
| deer meat as the source for a sporadic case of escherichia coli o157:h7 infection, connecticut. | we report a case of escherichia coli o157:h7, which was acquired by eating wild white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). dna fingerprint analysis verified venison as the source of infection. this pediatric case emphasizes the need for dissemination of information to hunters regarding the safe handling and processing of venison. | 2002 | 11996692 |
| reduced abundance of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) and the tick parasitoid ixodiphagus hookeri (hymenoptera: encyrtidae) with reduction of white-tailed deer. | the principal vector for the pathogens of lyme disease, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, and human babesiosis is the tick ixodes scapularis say. a chalcid wasp, ixodiphagus hookeri, in the family encyrtidae parasitizes populations of the tick on several islands or other geographically isolated sites in new england with high densities of these ticks and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), the principal host for adult i. scapularis. deer densities were reduced at a forested tract in bridge ... | 2003 | 14596277 |
| use of recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect antibodies in white-tailed deer. | serum samples obtained from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in connecticut (n=218) and south carolina (n=20) (usa) during the period 1992-2002 were analyzed for antibodies to whole-cell or recombinant antigens (i.e., fusion proteins) of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and anaplasma phagocytophilum, etiologic agents of lyme borreliosis and granulocytic ehrlichiosis, respectively. in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) with whole-cell b. burgdorferi, the overall seropositivit ... | 2004 | 15362824 |
| strategies for reducing the risk of lyme borreliosis in north america. | the incidence of lyme borreliosis continues to increase in the united states. in 1991, when lyme borreliosis first became a nationally reportable disease to the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), a total of 9470 cases were reported; in contrast, by 2002 a total of 23,763 cases were reported, >2.5x the total in 1991. area-wide acaricides can be highly effective in killing nymphal ixodes scapularis, with >95% of nymphs killed in studies using cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, or carbaryl. t ... | 2006 | 16524769 |
| identification of avian- and mammalian-derived bloodmeals in aedes vexans and culiseta melanura (diptera: culicidae) and its implication for west nile virus transmission in connecticut, u.s.a. | to evaluate the host-feeding patterns of aedes vexans (meigen) and culiseta melanura (coquillett) as secondary vectors of west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) in northeastern united states, we identified the source of vertebrate bloodmeals by sequencing portions of the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial dna. analysis of polymerase chain reaction products from a total of 119 ae. vexans revealed that 92.4% of individuals acquired blood solely from mammalian and 2.5% from av ... | 2006 | 17017250 |
| isolations of jamestown canyon virus (bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) from field-collected mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in connecticut, usa: a ten-year analysis, 1997-2006. | jamestown canyon virus (jcv) (bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) is a mosquito-borne zoonosis belonging to the california serogroup. it has a wide geographic distribution, occurring throughout much of temperate north america. white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus are the principal amplification hosts, and boreal aedes and ochlerotatus mosquitoes are the primary vectors. a 10-year study was undertaken to identify potential mosquito vectors in connecticut, quantify seasonal prevalence rates of inf ... | 2008 | 18386967 |
| host-feeding patterns of potential mosquito vectors in connecticut, u.s.a.: molecular analysis of bloodmeals from 23 species of aedes, anopheles, culex, coquillettidia, psorophora, and uranotaenia. | we evaluated the blood-feeding patterns in several mosquito species that may serve as vectors of disease agents in the northeastern united states. blood-fed mosquitoes were collected from 91 different sites throughout connecticut over a 6-yr period (june-october 2002-2007), and the host-feeding patterns of 23 mosquito species representing six genera were examined by using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay and sequencing portions of the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial dna. this study was ... | 2008 | 19058640 |
| topical treatment of white-tailed deer with an acaricide for the control of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) in a connecticut lyme borreliosis hyperendemic community. | the 4-poster device for the topical treatment of white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmermann), against ticks using the acaricide amitraz, was evaluated in a lyme borreliosis endemic community in connecticut. as part of a 5-year project from 1997 to 2002, 21-24 of the 4-posters were distributed at residential sites in old lyme, ct, in a core treatment area of approximately 5.2 km(2) in fall 1997. the 4-posters were active october to mid-december and march into may, corresponding to the ... | 2009 | 19650731 |
| seasonal prevalence of serum antibodies to whole cell and recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in white-tailed deer in connecticut. | whole-blood samples were obtained from 214 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) representing 44 sites in connecticut (usa) during 1992, 1993, 1996, 1999, and 2000 through 2006. sera were analyzed for total antibodies to whole-cell or recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and anaplasma phagocytophilum, the respective causative agents of lyme borreliosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. deer sera contained antibodies to both bacteria during different seasons and thro ... | 2010 | 20688684 |
| host associations of mosquitoes at eastern equine encephalitis virus foci in connecticut, usa. | eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) is a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne arbovirus, with active transmission foci in freshwater hardwood swamps in eastern north america, where enzootic transmission is maintained between the ornithophilic mosquito, culiseta melanura, and wild passerine birds. the role of other locally abundant mosquito species in virus transmission and their associations with vertebrate hosts as sources of blood meals within these foci are largely unknown but are of importa ... | 2016 | 27577939 |
| seroprevalence of powassan virus in new england deer, 1979-2010. | powassan virus and its subtype, deer tick virus, are closely related tick-borne flaviviruses that circulate in north america. the incidence of human infection by these agents appears to have increased in recent years. to define exposure patterns among white-tailed deer, potentially useful sentinels that are frequently parasitized by ticks, we screened serum samples collected during 1979-2010 in connecticut, maine, and vermont for neutralizing antibody by using a novel recombinant deer tick virus ... | 2013 | 23568288 |
| spatial-temporal analysis of cache valley virus (bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) infection in anopheline and culicine mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in the northeastern united states, 1997-2012. | cache valley virus (cvv) is a mosquito-borne bunyavirus (family bunyaviridae, genus orthobunyavirus) that is enzootic throughout much of north and central america. white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) have been incriminated as important reservoir and amplification hosts. cvv has been found in a diverse array of mosquito species, but the principal vectors are unknown. a 16-year study was undertaken to identify the primary mosquito vectors in connecticut, quantify seasonal prevalence rates o ... | 0 | 25325321 |
| surveillance of parapoxvirus among ruminants in virginia and connecticut. | in 2008, two deer hunters in virginia and connecticut were infected with a unique strain of pseudocowpox virus, a parapoxvirus. to estimate the prevalence of this virus, and in an attempt to define the reservoir, parapoxvirus surveillance was undertaken between november 2009 and january 2010. 125 samples from four ruminant species (cows, goat, sheep and white-tailed deer) were collected in virginia, and nine samples from white-tailed deer were collected in connecticut. we found no evidence that ... | 2013 | 23398718 |
| the relationship between deer density, tick abundance, and human cases of lyme disease in a residential community. | white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus zimmerman), serve as the primary host for the adult blacklegged tick (ixodes scapularis say), the vector for lyme disease, human babesiosis, and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. our objective was to evaluate the degree of association between deer density, tick abundance, and human cases of lyme disease in one connecticut community over a 13-yr period. we surveyed 90-98% of all permanent residents in the community six times from 1995 to 2008 to document r ... | 2014 | 25118409 |
| integrated control of nymphal ixodes scapularis: effectiveness of white-tailed deer reduction, the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae, and fipronil-based rodent bait boxes. | pathogens transmitted by ticks are the leading cause of arthropod-associated human diseases in the united states and managing the risk of exposure to potentially infected ticks is of vital public health importance. a 3-year integrated tick management program to control blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis, the primary vector for the pathogenic agents of lyme disease, human anaplasmosis, and babesiosis, was implemented in the town of redding in southwestern connecticut beginning in 2013. combinat ... | 2018 | 29173127 |