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laboratory diagnosis and surveillance of human respiratory viruses by pcr in victoria, australia, 2002-2003.respiratory viruses were identified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in more than 4,200 specimens collected during 2002 and 2003 in victoria, australia from patients admitted to hospitals or participating in an influenza surveillance program. influenza viruses and picornaviruses were important causes of morbidity in both years. additional testing of picornavirus-positive samples suggested that rhinoviruses but not enteroviruses were more likely to be associated with respiratory symptoms, i ...200515543580
human coronavirus oc43 causes influenza-like illness in residents and staff of aged-care facilities in melbourne, australia.three outbreaks of respiratory illness associated with human coronavirus hcov-oc43 infection occurred in geographically unrelated aged-care facilities in melbourne, australia during august and september 2002. on clinical and epidemiological grounds the outbreaks were first thought to be caused by influenza virus. hcov-oc43 was detected by rt-pcr in 16 out of 27 (59%) specimens and was the only virus detected at the time of sampling. common clinical manifestations were cough (74%), rhinorrhoea (5 ...200515816152
analysis of human coronavirus 229e spike and nucleoprotein genes demonstrates genetic drift between chronologically distinct strains.historically, coronaviruses have been recognized as a cause of minor respiratory infections in humans. however, the recent identification of three novel human coronaviruses, one causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), has prompted further examination of these viruses. previous studies of geographically and chronologically distinct human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e) isolates have found only limited variation within s gene nucleotide sequences. in contrast, analysis of the s genes of con ...200616603522
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