| epidemiology of cytomegalovirus infection after transplantation and immunosuppression. | viral infections and clinical complications were studied during hemodialysis and after renal transplantation. active cytomegalovirus infection developed in 96% of patients after renal transplantation; reactivation of herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, and epstein-barr viruses was found in 35%, 24%, and 0% of patients, respectively. cytomegalovirus viremia developed in 42% of patients an average of two months after renal transplantation, lasted 1.75 (+/- 1.5) months (except in one patient with chr ... | 1975 | 171315 |
| epidemiology of guillain-barré syndrome. | the only measures of morbidity for guillain-barré syndrome in well-defined populations in the continental united states come from olmsted county, minnesota, and san joaquin county, california. the estimated incidence rates are between 1 and 2 cases per 100,000 population per year. despite the hazards of generalizing from such small samples, these are the only estimates available. large case series have suggested that the syndrome is more common in males, that it may occur at any age, and that it ... | 1978 | 369322 |
| survival of patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome after development of cytomegalovirus retinopathy. ucla cmv retinopathy study group. | to study the survival of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) who develop cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinopathy, the medical records of 100 consecutive patients with aids and cmv retinopathy were reviewed data of aids diagnosis, cmv retinopathy diagnosis, and death were determined for each patient. the median interval from cmv retinopathy diagnosis to death for patients whose infection was diagnosed between may 1984 and september 1987 was 5 months. the interval had increased sign ... | 1990 | 2158029 |
| outbreak of burkitt's-like lymphoma in homosexual men. | four cases of burkitt's-like lymphoma (undifferentiated, monoclonal, b-cell tumours) in homosexual men were seen in a 9-month period in san francisco. one tumour contained both epstein-barr-virus nuclear antigen (ebna) and cytomegalovirus (cmv) antigen. another tumour contained ebna, and a third contained no viral antigen, but ebna and cmv antigens were detected in the overlying epithelium. this outbreak widens the array of neoplasms affecting immunosuppressed homosexual men and provides further ... | 1982 | 6125777 |
| epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency in rhesus monkeys. | a syndrome closely resembling acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in man has been identified in a group of 64 rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) maintained outdoors at the california primate research center. the syndrome is characterised by generalised lymphadenopathy, severe opportunistic infections including cytomegalovirus, chronic wasting, and high mortality. in 1 animal a multifocal cutaneous fibrosarcoma developed. this syndrome in monkeys may provide an animal model for human aids. | 1983 | 6130381 |
| prevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in homosexual men. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) was cultured from the urine of 14 of 190 homosexual but none of 101 heterosexual men attending a venereal disease clinic (p less than 0.005). viruria was confined to men less than 30 years of age and was present in 14% of this group. antibody to cmv was measured in the sera of 139 homosexual and 70 heterosexual men attending the same clinic and in 103 male volunteer blood donors. titers were found in 94% of homosexual patients but in only 54% of heterosexual patients (p les ... | 1981 | 6260871 |
| pneumocystis pneumonia--los angeles. | | 1981 | 6265753 |
| kaposi's sarcoma in young homosexual men. | an outbreak of ks has been observed in young homosexual men. these patients are different from those with classical ks for the following reasons: 1. geographic distribution (clustering in new york and california); 2. age (younger, mean--39 years); 3. higher incidence; 4. sexual preference (homosexual); 5. distribution of skin lesions (face, upper extremities, trunk); 6. lymph node involvement; 7. visceral lesions; 8. associated opportunistic infections (pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasmosis); 9. h ... | 1982 | 6276100 |
| outbreak of kaposi's sarcoma with cytomegalovirus infection in young homosexual men. | kaposi's sarcoma, a multicentric malignant neoplasm, occurs in certain geographic areas in the world. it is most common in equatorial africa and eastern europe. the annual incidence of kaposi's sarcoma in the united states is between 0.021 and 0.061 per 100,000 persons. the appearance of an outbreak of kaposi's sarcoma in young homosexual men in new york and california is a new and unique phenomenon. certain differences are already recognized between the disease in these young men and the ordina ... | 1982 | 6280498 |
| an outbreak of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has rarely been reported in previously healthy persons over the age of 6 months. five cases of p. carinii pneumonia in adult homosexual men, confirmed by biopsy results, are reported. all five patients were seropositive when tested for antibodies to cytomegalovirus and four had evidence of active concurrent cytomegalovirus infections. kaposi's sarcoma was shown in two of the patients and one had possible pneumocystis infection of the central nervous system as well ... | 1982 | 6283975 |
| health and safety in the workplace. part 4. california tb rates rising. | | 1983 | 6299481 |
| large-scale serological screening for cytomegalovirus antibodies in homosexual males by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | we compared an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with complement fixation and radioimmunoassay in determining the presence of immunoglobulin antibodies to cytomegalovirus. of an initial 93 serum samples tested, the correlation between elisa and radioimmunoassay was 98.9% and that between elisa and complement fixation was 96.1%. elisa was used to screen 1,123 homosexual men in san francisco. of 479 men attending a homosexual health fair, 35 (7%) lacked cytomegalovirus antibodies by elisa. ... | 1984 | 6321545 |
| prolonged human cytomegalovirus viremia following bone marrow transplantation. | | 1984 | 6322392 |
| clinical features of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (saids) in rhesus monkeys. | a syndrome of acquired immunodeficiency has been identified in a group of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) which died at the california primate research center. clinical evaluation of these animals revealed that 50% or more had lymphadenopathy, weight loss, and diarrhea. at least 30% had splenomegaly, fever, cutaneous abscesses and/or arthritis/myositis. two animals had fibrosarcomas. anemia was seen in 19 animals, lymphopenia in 14, granulocytopenia in four and thrombocytopenia in three. hepatit ... | 1984 | 6328113 |
| the pathology of an epizootic of acquired immunodeficiency in rhesus macaques. | a syndrome of acquired immunodeficiency within a group of outdoor-housed rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) with unusually high mortality has been identified at the california primate research center. the cause of death for most of the affected animals included septicemia and/or chronic diarrhea with wasting, often complicated by other problems. in many cases, multiple or unusual infectious agents were isolated or recognized, including cytomegalovirus, cryptosporidium spp., and candida albicans. s ... | 1984 | 6691418 |
| causes of uveitis in the general practice of ophthalmology. ucla community-based uveitis study group. | most uveitis case series have come from tertiary care centers, and the relative frequencies of disorders they report may reflect referral bias. we sought information about the types of uveitis encountered in the general practice of ophthalmology. | 1996 | 8554079 |
| bone marrow transplantation: the city of hope experience. | allogeneic bmt from histocompatible-related and -unrelated donors can provide curative therapy for a variety of hematologic, oncologic, immunologic and hereditary diseases. obstacles to successful outcome of allogeneic bmt include gvhd, disease relapse, opportunistic infection and toxicity of the conditioning and gvhd prophylaxis regimens. as these problems are surmounted, the number of bmt survivors is expected to steadily increase and the qol post-bmt will become as important as the duration o ... | 1995 | 8794275 |
| geographic and demographic differences in the frequency of human cytomegalovirus gb genotypes 1-4 in immunocompromised patients. | to test the hypothesis that human cytomegalovirus (cmv) gb genotype may differ with geographic origin or patient demographics, cmv dna was amplified for gb typing from immunocompromised patients in italy and africa and compared with previously reported frequencies in california. increased gb2 frequency occurred in italian homosexual aids patients, as compared with both italian heterosexual injection drug users with aids and heterosexual zimbabwe aids patients. occurrence of gb3 in italy was high ... | 1998 | 9566556 |
| glycoprotein b subtyping of cytomegalovirus (cmv) in the vitreous of patients with aids and cmv retinitis. | a 550-bp region of the cytomegalovirus (cmv) glycoprotein b (gb) gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from 141 vitreous specimens of 120 patients with aids and cmv retinitis from three different metropolitan centers. the distribution of gb subtypes i, ii, iii, and iv were 19%, 43%, 12%, and 21%, respectively, based on restriction enzyme digestion patterns of pcr-amplified dna. two patients had simultaneous infection with two different gb subtypes. the ratio of gb subtypes was si ... | 1998 | 9806048 |
| long-term results of heart transplantation in patients older than 60 years. | advanced age has been traditionally considered a relative contraindication for heart transplantation. older patients are now considered as potential candidates for heart transplantation. the objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of heart transplantation in patients older than 60 years. | 2003 | 12878959 |
| cytomegalovirus infection in steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis: a case-control study. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is reported to be a cause of steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis (uc), but the strength of this association has not been tested in a case control study. controlled studies have also not been performed to determine the sensitivity of available immunohistochemical techniques to detect cmv in this setting. the pathology database at stanford hospital was searched for uc patients with a diagnosis of "severe colitis" between the years 1992 and 2002 and medical records ... | 2004 | 15104299 |
| history of chickenpox and shingles and prevalence of antibodies to varicella-zoster virus and three other herpesviruses among adults with glioma and controls. | whether viruses or immunologic factors might cause or prevent human brain cancer is of interest. statistically significant inverse associations of adult glioma with history of chickenpox and immunoglobulin g antibodies to varicella-zoster virus have been reported. the authors evaluate associations of immunoglobulin g antibodies to varicella-zoster virus and three other herpesviruses among 229 adults with glioma and 289 controls in the san francisco bay area adult glioma study (1997-2000). cases ... | 2005 | 15870157 |
| the influence of latent viral infection on rate of cognitive decline over 4 years. | to examine whether cytomegalovirus (cmv) and herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) are associated with cognitive decline over a 4-year period and to assess whether c-reactive protein (crp) modifies these relationships. | 2006 | 16866674 |
| rapid steroid discontinuation for pediatric renal transplantation: a single center experience. | to determine the outcomes of pediatric renal transplant recipients who received immunosuppression consisting of early withdrawal of corticosteroids at a single northern california center. protocols using minimal steroid exposure have been recently reported in adult transplant recipients with successful results. we examined the outcomes of pediatric renal transplant recipients who were managed at our center using a protocol with very early discontinuation of steroids after renal transplantation. ... | 2007 | 17631018 |
| socioeconomic gradients in immune response to latent infection. | there is a strong relation between socioeconomic position and health outcomes, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. the authors used data from 1,503 california participants in the 1998-1999 sacramento area latino study on aging aged 60-100 years to ask whether socioeconomic position is related to immune function as measured by the body's ability to keep latent herpesvirus antibody levels in a quiescent state. individuals with lower educational levels had significantly higher levels of ... | 2008 | 17873099 |
| characteristics of untreated aids-related cytomegalovirus retinitis. ii. findings in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (1997 to 2000). | to describe host characteristics (use of highly active antiretroviral therapy [haart]; cd4+ t-lymphocyte count; hiv ribonucleic acid [rna] blood level) of people who were diagnosed with aids-related cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis after haart became available and to investigate effects of haart on ophthalmic findings. | 2008 | 18154751 |
| trends in invasive disease due to candida species following heart and lung transplantation. | although invasive candidiasis (ic) causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients who undergo heart, lung, or heart-lung transplantation, a systematic study in a large cohort of thoracic organ transplant recipients has not been reported to date. clinical and microbiological data were reviewed for 1305 patients who underwent thoracic organ transplantation at stanford university medical center between 1980 and 2004. we identified and analyzed 76 episodes of ic in 68 patients (overall incid ... | 2009 | 19254327 |
| cytomegalovirus antibody levels, inflammation, and mortality among elderly latinos over 9 years of follow-up. | this study examined the relation between immune response to cytomegalovirus (cmv) and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (cvd) mortality, and possible mediating mechanisms. data were derived from the sacramento area latino study on aging, a population-based study of older latinos (aged 60-101 years) in california followed in 1998-2008. cmv immunoglobulin g (igg), tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-6 were assayed from baseline blood draws. data on all-cause and cvd mortality were abstracted ... | 2010 | 20660122 |
| invited commentary: human cytomegalovirus, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a human herpesvirus, and infection is widespread in the human population. prevalence of seropositivity for human cmv increases with age. cmv establishes persistent infection in vascular arterial and venous endothelial tissue. it has been associated with atherosclerosis and graft rejection in heart transplant recipients. the antiviral drug ganciclovir prevents cmv disease in heart transplant patients, and valganciclovir and cmv immune globulin reduce rejection rates ... | 2010 | 20660119 |
| roberts et al. respond to "human cmv, inflammation, and mortality". | | 2010 | 20660118 |
| infectious complications among 620 consecutive heart transplant patients at stanford university medical center. | a total of 1073 infectious episodes (ies) that occurred in 620 consecutive heart transplantation patients at stanford medical center between 16 december 1980 and 30 june 1996 were reviewed. infectious complications were a major cause of morbidity and mortality, second only to rejection as the cause of early deaths and the most common cause of late deaths. of the ies, 468 (43.6%) were caused by bacteria, 447 (41.7%) by viruses, 109 (10.2%) by fungi, 43 (4.0%) by pneumocystis carinii, and 6 (0.6%) ... | 2001 | 11486285 |
| cmv. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) occurs 25 percent less often than it did before the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart), according to a recent study by the university of california at san francisco. cmv is the most common infection in hiv-positive persons with t-cell counts below 50, and it can cause blindness. researchers have also found that macrolide antibiotic treatment for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) may lead to resistance in people with aids who have been treated for mac in ... | 2000 | 11366342 |
| effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of hiv-related cytomegalovirus retinitis and retinal detachment. | cytomegalovirus retinitis (cmvr) is the most common intraocular infection encountered in ophthalmic practices. to assess the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on the incidence of cmvr and subsequent retinal detachments, a retrospective review of the hiv+ patients seen at a single university and community-based practice between 1992-1993 (group 1), before the advent of protease inhibitors, was compared with the data obtained from october 1996 to october 1997 (group 2) and oct ... | 2000 | 10935050 |
| incidence of immune recovery vitritis in cytomegalovirus retinitis patients following institution of successful highly active antiretroviral therapy. | this study was conducted to determine the likelihood of the development of a new ocular inflammatory syndrome (immune recovery vitritis, irv), which causes vision loss in aids patients with cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis, who respond to highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). we followed 30 haart-responders with cd4 cell counts of >/=60 cells/mm3. patients were diagnosed with irv if they developed symptomatic vitritis of >/=1+ severity associated with inactive cmv retinitis. symptomatic i ... | 1999 | 9952380 |