| association of group b coxsackie viruses with cases of pericarditis, myocarditis, or pleurodynia by demonstration of immunoglobulin m antibody. | tests for immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody to group b coxsackieviruses were performed on sera from 259 patients with a clinical diagnosis of pericarditis, myocarditis, or pleurodynia on whom there were no definitive serological or virus isolation findings to establish a viral etiology, and on 259 "control" patients with clinical diagnoses of viral or mycoplasmal pneumonia or pneumonitis. igm antibodies to coxsackievirus types b1, b3, b4, b5, and b6 were detected by a micro-immunodiffusion techniq ... | 1973 | 4199715 |
| an apparently new enterovirus isolated from patients with disease of the central nervous system. | | 1974 | 4361245 |
| polioencephalomyelitis of pigs--the identification of viruses related to the teschen and t80 groups in the united states. | | 1963 | 14081456 |
| concentration of reovirus and adenovirus from sewage and effluents by protamine sulfate (salmine) treatment. | protamine sulfate was employed to recover reoviruses, adenoviruses, and certain enteroviruses from sewage and treated effluents; 50- to 400-fold concentration of viral content was achieved. | 1972 | 4342842 |
| hemolytic-uremic syndrome--an outbreak in sacramento, california. | between july and november 1982, 14 cases of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome occurred in the sacramento, california, metropolitan area; 9 of the 14 patients lived within a 7.5-mile radius in northeast sacramento, 10 were female, 12 were white non-hispanic and 13 were children with a mean age of 3.6 years. of the 14 patients, 13 were admitted to hospital; 7 required peritoneal dialysis. the 14th child, a 3-month-old white female infant, was found dead in her crib and had renal histopathologic findin ... | 1986 | 3953085 |
| a concurrent epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus and echovirus 7 infections in an intensive care nursery. | we describe concurrent outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and echovirus 7 (echo 7) infections in a neonatal intensive care unit, including infants who had dual infections. seventy-three infants were identified as having rsv from january through june, 1984. during the same surveillance period echo 7 was cultured from 20 infants, and 6 infants had concurrent rsv and echo 7 and rsv were isolated, but not concurrently. this dual outbreak of rsv and echo 7 infections persisted for months ... | 1989 | 2922234 |
| multitiered approach using quantitative pcr to track sources of fecal pollution affecting santa monica bay, california. | the ubiquity of fecal indicator bacteria such as escherichia coli and enterococcus spp. in urban environments makes tracking of fecal contamination extremely challenging. a multitiered approach was used to assess sources of fecal pollution in ballona creek, an urban watershed that drains to the santa monica bay (smb) near los angeles, calif. a mass-based design at six main-stem sites and four major tributaries over a 6-h period was used (i) to assess the flux of enterococcus spp. and e. coli by ... | 2006 | 16461716 |
| coastal water quality impact of stormwater runoff from an urban watershed in southern california. | field studies were conducted to assess the coastal water quality impact of stormwater runoff from the santa ana river, which drains a large urban watershed located in southern california. stormwater runoff from the river leads to very poor surf zone water quality, with fecal indicator bacteria concentrations exceeding california ocean bathing water standards by up to 500%. however, cross-shore currents (e.g., rip cells) dilute contaminated surf zone water with cleaner water from offshore, such t ... | 2005 | 16173550 |
| pediatric encephalitis: what is the role of mycoplasma pneumoniae? | encephalitis is a complex, debilitating, and sometimes fatal neurologic condition to which children are especially prone. mycoplasma pneumoniae, a common respiratory pathogen, has been implicated as an etiology of encephalitis. evidence for recent or acute m. pneumoniae infection has been demonstrated in limited studies of both pediatric and adult patients with encephalitis. | 2007 | 17671056 |
| evaluation of microbial source tracking methods using mixed fecal sources in aqueous test samples. | microbiological source tracking (mst) methods are increasingly being used to identify fecal contamination sources in surface waters, but these methods have been subjected to limited comparative testing. in this study, 22 researchers employing 12 different methods were provided sets of identically prepared blind water samples. each sample contained one to three of five possible fecal sources (human, dog, cattle, seagull or sewage). researchers were also provided with portions of the fecal materia ... | 2003 | 15382720 |
| pcr detection of pathogenic viruses in southern california urban rivers. | to investigate human viral contamination in urban rivers and its impact on coastal waters of southern california, usa. | 2004 | 15186438 |
| the complete genome of klassevirus - a novel picornavirus in pediatric stool. | diarrhea kills 2 million children worldwide each year, yet an etiological agent is not found in approximately 30-50% of cases. picornaviral genera such as enterovirus, kobuvirus, cosavirus, parechovirus, hepatovirus, teschovirus, and cardiovirus have all been found in human and animal diarrhea. modern technologies, especially deep sequencing, allow rapid, high-throughput screening of clinical samples such as stool for new infectious agents associated with human disease. | 2009 | 19538752 |
| aseptic meningitis associated with echo virus type 9 infection. with special reference to variability by sex and incidence of paralytic sequelae. | the clinical and clinical laboratory findings in a group of 104 patients with aseptic meningitis associated with echo-9 infection were widely variable.a male to female case ratio of 3.7:1 was noted, and the mean age of the female group was significantly greater than that of the male group. the median of cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte counts was significantly higher in the male than in the female patients. clinical manifestations of the disease were similar to those noted in other reports. residua ... | 1965 | 14288142 |
| porcine enteroviruses: distribution of neutralizing antibodies to e1 and e4 strains in serums of swine from states. | | 1964 | 14141498 |
| a continuing surveillance of enterovirus infections in healthy children in six united states cities. i. viruses isolated during 1960 and 1961. | | 1963 | 14071359 |
| outbreaks of aseptic meningitis associated with echoviruses 9 and 30 and preliminary surveillance reports on enterovirus activity--united states, 2003. | aseptic or viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis and is associated with an estimated 26,000--42,000 hospitalizations each year in the united states. enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis. echovirus 9 (e9) and echovirus 30 (e30) have been associated frequently with outbreaks of aseptic meningitis. during march 2003, several state public health departments noted increased reports of aseptic meningitis and, as of august 7, seven states (arizona, california, ... | 2003 | 12917581 |
| incorporating susceptible subpopulations in microbial risk assessment: pediatric exposures to enteroviruses in river water. | the city of stockton, california operates a wastewater treatment facility that discharges treated effluent to the san joaquin river. during a recent discharge permit renewal, the question was raised whether pathogenic microorganisms in the effluent may cause an unacceptably high health risk for body contact recreation in the vicinity of the discharge. an investigation was initiated to characterize the risk to public health via body contact recreation in the san joaquin river under various flow a ... | 2003 | 12679796 |
| tiered approach for identification of a human fecal pollution source at a recreational beach: case study at avalon bay, catalina island, california. | recreational marine beaches in california are posted as unfit for swimming when the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (fib) exceeds any of seven concentration standards. finding and mitigating sources of shoreline fib is complicated by the many potential human and nonhuman sources of these organisms and the complex fate and transport processes that control their concentrations. in this study, a three-tiered approach is used to identify human and nonhuman sources of fib in avalon bay, a p ... | 2003 | 12636264 |
| in search of encephalitis etiologies: diagnostic challenges in the california encephalitis project, 1998-2000. | the california encephalitis project was initiated in june 1998 to identify the causes and characterize the clinical and epidemiologic features of encephalitis in california. testing for >or=13 agents, including herpesviruses, enteroviruses, arboviruses, bartonella species, chlamydia species, and mycoplasma pneumoniae, was performed at the viral and rickettsial disease laboratory (richmond, california). epidemiologic and clinical information collected for each case guided further testing. from ju ... | 2003 | 12627357 |
| open reading frame sequence of an asian enterovirus 73 strain reveals that the prototype from california is recombinant. | phylogenetic analysis within the vp1 region now enables molecular typing of enteroviruses consistent with neutralization results. three untypable isolates, 2776/82, 57/99 and 22/00, from korea, north india and bangladesh, respectively, showed within this region 98.0-99.0% amino acid identities. these were less than 77% to the previous enterovirus prototypes, but 91.5-92.5% to ca55-1988, the recently identified enterovirus 73 (ev73) prototype from california. all three strains were, however, most ... | 2002 | 12075091 |
| molecular identification of new picornaviruses and characterization of a proposed enterovirus 73 serotype. | enteroviruses (ev) have traditionally been identified by using serotype-specific antisera in a virus-neutralization test. three ev strains isolated in california, usa, in 1955, 1964 and 1978, and a 1995 oman isolate, were found to be antigenically related to one another; however, the strains were not neutralized by standard ev typing antisera, suggesting that they may represent a new ev serotype. the isolates were characterized genetically by rt-pcr coupled with amplicon sequencing and compariso ... | 2001 | 11161280 |
| a method to detect low levels of enteric viruses in contaminated oysters. | direct isolation and identification of pathogenic viruses from oysters implicated in gastroenteritis outbreaks are hampered by inefficient methods for recovering viruses, naturally occurring pcr inhibitors, and low levels of virus contamination. in this study we focused on developing rapid and efficient oyster-processing procedures that can be used for sensitive pcr detection of viruses in raw oysters. poliovirus type 3 (pv3) sabin strain was used to evaluate the efficacy of virus recovery and t ... | 1999 | 10543775 |
| viral meningitis in child care center staff and parents: an outbreak of echovirus 30 infections. | a report of five cases of viral meningitis among adults with children enrolled in a child care center prompted an investigation of risk factors for viral transmission from children to adult household members. | 1999 | 10476994 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in southeast asian refugees arriving in the united states--isolation of enterovirus 70. | during july-september 1980, an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) occurred in several refugee camps and transit centers in southeast asia. of 2,356 refugees examined in bangkok, 200 (8.5%) had conjunctivitis, including 116 (58%) with hemorrhagic signs. because increasing numbers of refugees were arriving in the united states with conjunctivitis, a program of surveillance and control was implemented. enterovirus 70, not previously reported from patients in the western hemisphere, ... | 1982 | 6282147 |
| procedure for recovery of enteroviruses from the japanese cockle tapes japonica. | the most likely shellfish to be harvested if sportfishing is reinstated in san francisco bay is the japanese cockle tapes japonica. the virus levels present in these shellfish are unknown and need to be evaluated before the shellfish beds are open. towards this end, a procedure for recovering and concentrating enteric viruses from these clams has been evaluated. effective elution of poliovirus from clam tissues was found to occur with ph 9.5 glycine-buffered saline rather than with the ph 7.5 fl ... | 1981 | 6263186 |
| studies on respiratory disease at fort ord, calif., 1957-1968. | | 1970 | 5504434 |
| flow fingerprinting fecal pollution and suspended solids in stormwater runoff from an urban coastal watershed. | field studies were conducted to characterize the concentration vs streamflow relationships (or "flow fingerprints") of fecal pollution and suspended solids in stormwater runoff from the santa ana river watershed, the largest watershed in southern california. the concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria and f+ coliphages (viruses infecting e. coli) exhibit little-to-no dependence on streamflow rates, whereas the concentrations of total suspended solids (tss) exhibit a very strong (power-law) de ... | 2006 | 16903282 |
| molecular quantitative analysis of human viruses in california stormwater. | many human pathogenic viruses are transmitted via the oral-fecal route and water is one possible vector, representing a risk for public health. sixty-one large-volume water samples from storm drains in california were processed by a two-step hollow fiber ultrafiltration procedure followed by molecular analysis for human enterovirus and adenovirus types. each sample was spiked with a surrogate, the benign bacteriophage pp7. both surrogate and human viruses were quantified by newly designed taqman ... | 2007 | 17628629 |
| seasonal detection of human viruses and coliphage in newport bay, california. | recent studies have shown that the fecal indicator bacteria (fib) currently used to indicate water quality in the coastal environment may be inadequate to reflect human viral contamination. coliphage was suggested as a better indicator of human viral pollution and was proposed by the u.s. epa as an alternative indicator for fecal pollution in groundwater. in this study, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of fib, f+ coliphage, and pcr-detectable human adenovirus and enterovirus for a ... | 2007 | 17720839 |
| widespread recombination within human parechoviruses: analysis of temporal dynamics and constraints. | human parechoviruses (hpevs), members of the family picornaviridae, are classified into six types. to investigate the dynamics and likelihood of recombination among hpevs, we compared phylogenies of two distant regions (vp1 and 3dpol) of 37 hpev isolates (types 1 and 3-5) and prototype sequences (types 1-6). evidence for frequent recombination between hpev1, 4, 5 and 6 was found. the likelihood of recombination was correlated with the degree of vp1 divergence and differences in isolation dates, ... | 2008 | 18343846 |
| enterovirus-associated encephalitis in the california encephalitis project, 1998-2005. | encephalitis is a relatively rare presentation of enterovirus (ev) infections. clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of ev encephalitis (eve) have not been well characterized. | 2008 | 18959496 |
| the fate of coxsackie virus a-13 in water reclamation. | | 1965 | 5891895 |
| virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of enterovirus 71. | first isolated in california, usa, in 1969, enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a major public health issue across the asia-pacific region and beyond. the virus, which is closely related to polioviruses, mostly affects children and causes hand, foot, and mouth disease with neurological and systemic complications. specific receptors for this virus are found on white blood cells, cells in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, and dendritic cells. being an rna virus, ev71 lacks a proofreading mechanism ... | 2010 | 20961813 |
| clusters of acute respiratory illness associated with human enterovirus 68--asia, europe, and united states, 2008-2010. | in the past 2 years, cdc has learned of several clusters of respiratory illness associated with human enterovirus 68 (hev68), including severe disease. hev68 is a unique enterovirus that shares epidemiologic and biologic features with human rhinoviruses (hrv). first isolated in california in 1962 from four children with bronchiolitis and pneumonia, hev68 has been reported rarely since that time and the full spectrum of illness that it can cause is unknown. the six clusters of respiratory illness ... | 2011 | 21956405 |
| influenza-like illness surveillance on the california-mexico border, 2004-2009. | please cite this paper as: kammerer et al. (2011). influenza-like illness surveillance on the california-mexico border, 2004-2009. influenza and other respiratory viruses doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00316.x. background  since 2004, the naval health research center, with san diego and imperial counties, has collaborated with the us centers for disease control and prevention to conduct respiratory disease surveillance in the us-mexico border region. in 2007, the secretariat of health, mexico and ... | 2011 | 22212638 |
| molecular epidemiology and evolution of enterovirus 71 strains isolated from 1970 to 1998. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) (genus enterovirus, family picornaviridae), a common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd), may also cause severe neurological diseases, such as encephalitis and poliomyelitis-like paralysis. to examine the genetic diversity and rate of evolution of ev71, we have determined and analyzed complete vp1 sequences (891 nucleotides) for 113 ev71 strains isolated in the united states and five other countries from 1970 to 1998. nucleotide sequence comparisons demonstrated t ... | 1999 | 10559310 |
| quantitative detection of hepatitis a virus and enteroviruses near the united states-mexico border and correlation with levels of fecal indicator bacteria. | for decades, untreated sewage flowing northward from tijuana, mexico, via the tijuana river has adversely affected the water quality of the recreational beaches of san diego, california. we used quantitative reverse transcription-pcr to measure the levels of hepatitis a virus (hav) and enteroviruses in coastal waters near the united states-mexico border and compared these levels to those of the conventional fecal indicators, escherichia coli and enterococci. over a 2-year period from 2003 to 200 ... | 2006 | 16980430 |
| microbial source tracking in a small southern california urban watershed indicates wild animals and growth as the source of fecal bacteria. | three independent microbial source tracking (mst) methods were applied to a small urban subwatershed in orange county, california. fifty-seven water samples collected over summer 2002 were analyzed for human adenovirus and enterovirus. enterococci and e. coli were isolated for antibiotic resistance analysis (ara) and for pcr identification of human- and animal-specific toxin genes, respectively. all water samples were pcr negative for human enteroviruses and e. coli human-specific toxin gene. e. ... | 2007 | 17589839 |
| hand, foot, and mouth disease. a clinically recognizable virus infection seen mainly in children. | | 1967 | 6026217 |
| clinical comparisons of la crosse encephalitis and enteroviral central nervous system infections in a pediatric population: 2001 surveillance in east tennessee. | la crosse encephalitis (lac) is a mosquito-borne illness that primarily affects children. in 1997, an initial cluster of cases was identified by the regional pediatric referral center in east tennessee. since that time, public health officials, pediatric infectious disease physicians, infection control nurses, laboratory personnel, entomologists, and centers for disease control and prevention consultants have collaborated to provide ongoing surveillance activities. studies comparing lac cases wi ... | 2003 | 14647115 |
| recreational exposure to microcystins during algal blooms in two california lakes. | we conducted a study of recreational exposure to microcystins among 81 children and adults planning recreational activities on either of three california reservoirs, two with significant, ongoing blooms of toxin-producing cyanobacteria, including microcystis aeruginosa (bloom lakes), and one without a toxin-producing algal bloom (control lake). we analyzed water samples for algal taxonomy, microcystin concentrations, and potential respiratory viruses (adenoviruses and enteroviruses). we measured ... | 2010 | 19615396 |