| fatal echovirus 11 infections in outbreak in special-care baby unit. | in december, 1977, an outbreak of echovirus 11 infection occurred in the special-care baby unit of the cambridge maternity hospital. 3 neonates died, and of 24 infants on the ward during the epidemic 6 others were infected, 3 with symptoms. 3 infants had similar symptoms but virus could not be isolated. the pathological changes in the 3 fatal infections, have not previously been reported for echovirus 11; nor have fatal infections occurred in an epidemic in a special-care baby unit. | 1978 | 80644 |
| infection of man by swine vesicular disease virus. | | 1976 | 181406 |
| hfm disease in a norfolk village. | | 1976 | 951392 |
| echovirus surveillance. | | 1992 | 1285234 |
| symptomatology of children in contact with sea water contaminated with sewage. | the aim was to determine whether or not there was a measurable risk of ill health associated with contact with sea water for children between the ages of 6 and 11 years old. | 1992 | 1431703 |
| a typhus-like illness caused by acute hiv seroconversion. | a patient is described in whom an acute human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion illness occurred following a trip to southern africa. the presentation was strikingly similar to that of african tick typhus and could only be distinguished by serological testing. | 1991 | 1905405 |
| conservative management of an echovirus 11 outbreak in a neonatal unit. | two babies in a neonatal unit presented on the same day with meningitis due to echovirus 11, which was thought to have been introduced by staff. at this time echovirus 11 was also isolated from the stools of eight other babies; five of them did not have signs of infection. no intervention was made except to emphasise the importance of handwashing. there was evidence of secondary spread to two babies who were both clinically well. the attack rate was twelve (29%) of forty-one babies exposed. seve ... | 1989 | 2564069 |
| fatal echovirus 7 infection during an outbreak in a special care baby unit. | a case of fatal echovirus 7 infection in a neonate which was probably acquired from the symptomatic mother and an outbreak of infection in a neonatal unit are described. the baby who died had extensive haemorrhagic necrosis of the brain, liver, adrenal glands and kidneys as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation. three other babies and one member of staff were found to be infected. no other babies died. human normal immunoglobulin was administered to all babies on the unit. | 1989 | 2600441 |
| duck hepatitis virus and chlamydia psittaci outbreak. | | 1985 | 3872526 |
| hand, foot, and mouth disease. | | 1973 | 4124470 |
| coxsackie-virus encephalitis. | | 1968 | 4170839 |
| swine vesicular disease: a serological vurvey of pigs presented for slaughter. | | 1974 | 4217498 |
| respiratory virus infections of man and animals. viruses associated with human respiratory infections. | | 1966 | 4285400 |
| porcine enteroviruses: a serologic comparison of thirty-eight pennsylvania isolates with other reported north american strains, teschen, talfan, and t80 serums--a progress report. | | 1967 | 4291852 |
| a study on the virus aetiology of mild respiratory infections in the primary school child. | | 1967 | 4294573 |
| the isolation of enteroviruses from cases of acute conjunctivitis. | in two epidemics of acute enterovirus conjunctivitis the diagnosis could only be established by the use of human embryonic organ cultures. in one instance cultures of ciliated respiratory epithelium proved sensitive to the virus but similar culture failed to support growth of the virus from the second outbreak which was isolated in organ cultures of conjunctiva. the virus associated with a third outbreak had previously been isolated from the original material by culture in human embryo kidney ce ... | 1973 | 4356574 |
| virus isolations from patients in general practice, 1961-71. | during the period 1961-71 of 1785 viruses isolated from patients in the general population 503 (28%) were rhinoviruses, 465 (26%) influenza viruses, 248 (14%) enteroviruses, 234 (13%) herpes simplex virus, 132 (7%) parainfluenza viruses, 129 (7%) adenoviruses and 49 (3%) respiratory syncytial virus. also isolated were 18 strains of mumps virus, 7 coronaviruses and 295 streptococci of groups a, c or g.fluctuations were observed in the frequency with which respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenz ... | 1974 | 4362413 |
| a study of swine vesicular disease in england. | | 1973 | 4534720 |
| coxsackie viruses and diabetes mellitus. | serum specimens from 162 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes of recent onset and 319 controls were tested for neutralizing antibodies to coxsackie viruses types b1 to b5. antibody to type b4 virus was more often found in diabetics than in controls, particularly in the 10-19 year age group. though controls were not matched for geographical area it was thought that this was unlikely to explain the difference found. the month of onset of diabetes in the patients studied showed a pronounced sea ... | 1973 | 4753237 |
| virus infection in the blackburn area 1962-69. | | 1970 | 5491893 |
| the outbreak of unknown infectious disease in the meon valley 1948, clinically diagnosed in retrospect as an echo virus infection. | | 1965 | 5829617 |
| hand, foot, and mouth disease. a clinically recognizable virus infection seen mainly in children. | | 1967 | 6026217 |
| outbreak of e.c.h.o. virus type 30 in a general practice. | | 1967 | 6081003 |
| mckeown, record, and the epidemiology of malformations. | thomas mckeown and rg record were colleagues in birmingham, england, from 1947 to 1977. during their first decade together, they laid the foundations of epidemiological research on malformations with a series of case-control studies of the commoner major defects. they found evidence of numerous trends of birth prevalence with variables such as season and year of birth, maternal age, birth rank, and socioeconomic status, suggesting that environmental factors played an important part in causation. ... | 1996 | 8746426 |
| the organisms reported to cause infective myocarditis and pericarditis in england and wales. | it is difficult to acquire an overall perspective of the range of organisms responsible for infective myocarditis or pericarditis, and their relative importance, as most studies have involved only case reports or case series of a single organism. this study analyses reports to the communicable disease surveillance centre, of the public health laboratory service. reports where myocarditis or pericarditis was included as the main clinical features between 1990 and 1993 were studied. between 1990 a ... | 1996 | 8793712 |
| microbial contamination of two urban sandstone aquifers in the uk. | development of urban groundwater has historically been constrained by concerns about its quality. rising urban water tables and overabstraction from rural aquifers in the uk have led to a renewed interest in urban groundwater, particularly the possibility of finding water of acceptable quality at depth. this study assessed the microbial quality of groundwater collected from depth-specific intervals over a 15-month period within the permo-triassic sherwood sandstone aquifers underlying the cities ... | 2003 | 12502063 |
| serologic studies of some porcine enteroviruses by means of neutralization tests in tissue culture. | | 1964 | 14125909 |
| outbreaks of a papulo-vesicular exanthem on the hands and feet ("summer-term blains"). | | 1964 | 14135166 |
| the isolation of viruses from acute respiratory infections. ii. a study of the isolations made from cases occuring in a general practice in 1963. | | 1964 | 14178893 |
| echo virus infections in england and wales 1959-63. | | 1964 | 14232519 |
| lack of seasonal variation in idiopathic talipes equinovarus. | one proposed etiology of idiopathic talipes equinovarus is an in utero enterovirus infection. enterovirus infections demonstrate seasonal variation in temperate climates. | 2006 | 16510813 |
| viral meningitis associated with increase in echovirus type 13. | | 2000 | 10948792 |
| enterovirus infections in england and wales: laboratory surveillance data: 1975 to 1994. | microbiology laboratories in england and wales reported 40,366 culture confirmed isolates of echovirus (24,628; 61%) and coxsackievirus (b 11,714; 29%, a 4024; 10%) infections to the phls communicable disease surveillance centre (cdsc) in the 20 years from 1975 to 1994. nearly half of the organisms were isolated from faeces, and 5741 were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (75% of them echovirus, 13% coxsackie b, and 12% coxsackie a). isolation rates for all enteroviruses were highest among infan ... | 1999 | 10402747 |
| predominant enteroviral serotypes causing meningitis. | all enteroviral reports to the public health laboratory service from 1975 to 1994 which had been proved by culture were analysed. of the 40,366 isolates, 5741 reports (14%) were from cultures of cerebrospinal fluid. the groups and serotypes accounting for the largest number of cerebrospinal fluid isolates were a9, e7, e9, e11, e19, and e30, accounting for 70% of all cultured isolates of cerebrospinal fluid. it may be possible to prevent most cases of viral meningitis in the uk with the developme ... | 1998 | 9623405 |
| echovirus keratoconjunctivitis. | to investigate an outbreak of echovirus-related keratoconjunctivitis. | 1998 | 9467445 |
| viral meningitis in england and wales. | | 1996 | 8803314 |
| comparison of the polymerase region of small round structured virus strains previously classified in three antigenic types by solid-phase immune electron microscopy. | we have used a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with nested sets of primers to determine the nucleotide sequences of a 166 base pair segment of the rna polymerase region of seven strains of small round structured viruses (srsvs) from the united kingdom. these srsv strains were previously classified by solid-phase immune electron microscopy into three antigenic types--uk2, uk3 and uk4, which are comparable to the prototype strains norwalk virus, hawaii agent, and snow mountain agen ... | 1994 | 7515226 |
| changing patterns of communicable disease in england and wales. part i--newly recognised diseases. | | 1980 | 7000261 |
| isolation of indigenous enteroviruses from chemically treated and dewatered sludge samples. | samples of wastewater sludge were examined for infectious enteroviruses before and after they had been chemically conditioned and dewatered. the least virus was recovered from the cake produced by filter pressing of sludge, which had a greatly increased solids content (39 to 45% [wt/vol]) relative to the untreated sludge (4.2 to 6.2% [wt/vol]) and in one plant was at ph 11 due to the lime conditioner used. conditioning with a cationic polyelectrolyte before dewatering by centrifugation produced ... | 1982 | 6295275 |
| use of normal immunoglobulin in an echovirus 11 outbreak in a special-care baby unit. | an epidemic of echovirus 11 infections occurred in the cambridge special-care baby unit during august to october, 1982. there were 21 confirmed infections in babies; 1 died, 1 recovered after resection of a kidney, 5 had meningitis, and 6 had respiratory symptoms. normal human immunoglobulin which contained antibody to echovirus 11 was administered intramuscularly (250 mg) to give protection. none of the children given immunoglobulin immediately after delivery (205 doses) developed symptoms or i ... | 1983 | 6135922 |
| coxsackie-b-virus-specific igm responses in children with insulin-dependent (juvenile-onset; type i) diabetes mellitus. | coxsackie b1-6 virus igm responses were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in 11 of 28 (39%) children aged 3-14 years in whom insulin-dependent (juvenile onset; type i) diabetes mellitus (iddm) developed in 1982. 5 patients had a homotypic response to coxsackie b4 and 1 had a homotypic response to b5. a serum sample had been obtained from each patient 2 to 16 weeks after onset of iddm symptoms. islet-cell cytoplasmic antibodies (igg) and complement fixing islet cell antibod ... | 1983 | 6134178 |
| coxsackie b5 infections in essex, 1965, with particular reference to the nervous system. | | 1967 | 6077232 |
| outbreak of coxsackie type b2 virus in a children's home in newcastle upon tyne. | | 1968 | 5724452 |
| an epidemic in hampshire and gloucestershire. | | 1973 | 4125323 |
| coxsackie b, mumps, rubella, and cytomegalovirus specific igm responses in patients with juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in britain, austria, and australia. | patients from england, austria, and australia with recently diagnosed juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes (type 1) mellitus (iddm) and matched controls were tested for specific igm responses to coxsackie b1-5 viruses. 37 of 122 (30%) patients aged less than 15, but only 15 of 204 (6%) controls, were positive (p less than 0.005). differences in coxsackie b virus specific igm responses between patients and controls were statistically significant for patients in england and austria (p less th ... | 1985 | 2861361 |
| the english sweating sickness, with particular reference to the 1551 outbreak in chester. | during the 15th and 16th centuries in england, there were five epidemics of a disease characterized by fever and profuse sweating and associated with high mortality. this disease became known as the english sweating sickness. the first epidemic occurred during 1485 at around the time of henry tudor's victory at bosworth field, and the last took place during the reign of edward vi in 1551. the disease tended to occur during the summer and early autumn. the relatively affluent male adult populatio ... | 1991 | 2041963 |
| epidemic of echovirus 19 in the north-east of england. | we report the first large-scale outbreak of echovirus 19 infection. it occurred in the north-east of england during the summer and autumn of 1974. the virus was isolated from 268 patients in the region. the infection spread from the urban to more rural areas, reaching a peak in mid-august. males were affected more often than females in the ratio 1-6:1. half of the patients were under eight years of age, relatively few were over 35 years. aseptic meningitis and upper respiratory infections were t ... | 1976 | 1063219 |
| severe echo 19 virus infection in a neonatal unit. | an epidemic of echo 19 virus infection in a neonatal unit affecting 12 babies with one death is described. with one exception it was confined to the neonatal unit and medical and nursing staff were also affected. the unit was closed for 9 days, then was disinfected, and there was no recurrence. | 1976 | 962375 |
| a search for faecal viruses in new-born and other infants. | faecal specimens were collected at weekly intervals over the winter months from 141 new-born infants without diarrhoea. contrary to the findings in other studies, no viruses were detected by electron micriscopy or culture in any of these specimens. over the same period faecal specimens were collected from 84 infants up to four years of age admitted to hospital. rotaviruses or adenoviruses were found in 48% of infants with gastroenteritis. enteroviruses and other small round virus-like particles ... | 1978 | 212477 |
| viral and epidemiological studies. | | 1975 | 172916 |
| respiratory viral infection in childhood. a survey in general practice, roehampton 1967-1972. | the role of viruses and m. pneumoniae in episodes of acute respiratory illness in childhood has been studied in a london general practice. the total isolation rate was 31-7 per cent, but the rate varied from 32-6 per cent in upper respiratory infections to 64-0 per cent in pneumonia. the clinical features associated with infection were influenced not only by the type of agent but also by age and other host factors in infected children. rhinoviruses were more commonly isolated than any other agen ... | 1975 | 164499 |
| virological investigations in sudden unexpected deaths in infancy (sudi). | previous studies have implicated viral infections in the pathogenesis of sudden unexpected death in infancy (sudi), and routine virological investigations are recommended by current sudi autopsy protocols. the aim of this study is to determine the role of post-mortem virology in establishing a cause of death. a retrospective review of 546 sudi autopsies was carried out as part of a larger series of >1,500 consecutive paediatric autopsies performed over a 10-year period, 1996-2005, in a single sp ... | 2010 | 20623342 |
| clinical features of viral meningitis in adults: significant differences in cerebrospinal fluid findings among herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and enterovirus infections. | in this retrospective study, our objective was to review the epidemiology of viral meningitis and to compare clinical features associated with enterovirus, herpes simplex virus (hsv), and varicella zoster virus (vzv) infections in immunocompetent adults. | 2008 | 18680414 |
| investigating the aetiology of and evaluating the impact of the men c vaccination programme on probable meningococcal disease in england and wales. | the aims were to (1) investigate the aetiology of probable meningococcal disease, where a clinical diagnosis is made in the absence of laboratory data, and (2) evaluate the impact of the men c vaccination programme in england and wales. multiple linear regression analyses were carried out using data reported to enhanced surveillance of meningococcal disease (esmd) and laboratory reports of isolates of organisms causing symptoms that mimic meningococcal disease. confirmed meningococcal disease ap ... | 2006 | 16492318 |
| clinical and diagnostic findings of an echovirus meningitis outbreak in the north west of england. | an outbreak of echovirus meningitis occurred in the north west of england in 2001. this paper reviewed the clinical features and the role of different diagnostic methods. | 2006 | 16397083 |
| eye anomalies: seasonal variation and maternal viral infections. | eye anomalies, including anophthalmos and microphthalmos (absent eye and small eye), are common features in congenital infection syndromes such as rubella. influenza, coxsackie virus, and parvovirus are less well-established teratogens. we report an ecologic analysis of anophthalmia/microphthalmia prevalence in england in relation to temporal variation in these infections using routine infection data. | 2005 | 15824546 |