| viral pollution of the rivers in toyama city. | viral pollution of the river water in toyama city was surveyed during the two-year period from july 1979 to july 1981, and the ecology of viruses in the river water is discussed. virus isolation from the river water samples, or from the water squeezed from cotton pads that were immersed in the stream for 3 days, was carried out by the "filter adsorption/elution" method. river waters were found to be contaminated with various species of enteric viruses, that is, poliovirus, echovirus, coxsackievi ... | 1984 | 6088954 |
| epidemiological studies on echovirus type 18 infection in toyama prefecture. | echovirus type 18 (echo 18) was isolated from six aseptic meningitis children in fukumitsu-machi, toyama prefecture, from july to august, 1980. this was the first virologically-confirmed epidemic of aseptic meningitis due to echo 18 in japan. epidemiological studies on the prevalence of this virus among the inhabitants in toyama prefecture were also performed. the results are summarized as follows. (1) significant increases in neutralizing antibody titers against echo 18 were observed in all the ... | 1983 | 6888292 |
| molecular epidemiology of echoviruses 11 and 13, based on an environmental surveillance conducted in toyama prefecture, 2002-2003. | nineteen echovirus 11 (e11) and 12 e13 isolates were isolated from three rivers in toyama prefecture, japan, during an environmental surveillance conducted from april 2002 to march 2003. the nucleotide sequences of e13 isolates were closely related to those from patients with aseptic meningitis, with less than 1.3% divergence in the vp1 region of the viral capsid gene, and belonged to the same clade responsible for a worldwide outbreak that started in 2000. in contrast, e11 isolates were cluster ... | 2006 | 16957267 |
| [epidemiological surveillance for viral pollution of rivers in toyama prefecture]. | virus pollution of three rivers in toyama prefecture was surveyed over a long period in order to predict and to prevent water-born infection. | 2007 | 17461029 |
| genetic changes of coxsackievirus a16 and enterovirus 71 isolated from hand, foot, and mouth disease patients in toyama, japan between 1981 and 2007. | we characterized the genetic diversity of the complete vp1 region of coxsackievirus a16 (ca16) and enterovirus 71 (ev71) isolated from patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease in toyama from 1981 to 2007 to evaluate the relationship between epidemics and genetic changes. the predominant genogroups of ca16 changed from b to c in 1995-1998, and genogroup c further changed from subgenogroup c1 to c2 around 2002, and to c3 in 2005-2007. the subgenogroups of the ev71 isolates were classified into ... | 2009 | 19628900 |
| widespread circulation of echovirus type 13 demonstrated by increased seroprevalence in toyama, japan, between 2000 and 2003. | to confirm the magnitude of an echovirus type 13 (e13) outbreak in 2002 and to evaluate whether genetic and antigenic changes in e13 influenced the occurrence of the outbreak, we measured titers of neutralizing (nt) antibody against the toyama, 2002-240-sf, and prototype del carmen e13 strains among inhabitants of toyama before and after 2002. the rate of positivity for nt antibodies against both 2002-240-sf and del carmen in 2003 made a remarkable upturn in children 0 to 14 years old, compared ... | 2010 | 20335430 |
| endemic transmission of echovirus 30 in toyama, japan in 2010 is verified by environmental surveillance. | | 2011 | 21519136 |