| outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to coxsackie a24 variant--taiwan. | outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus 70 and several serotypes of adenovirus have occurred in taiwan since 1971. in 1980-1981, there was a pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in southeast asia caused by coxsackie a24 variant (ca24v); however, this virus did not affect taiwan. in october 1985, ca24v was isolated for the first time from patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in southern taiwan. the following summer, a large epidemic of acute hemorrhag ... | 1988 | 2833097 |
| comparative studies on aetiology and epidemiology of viral conjunctivitis in three countries of east asia--japan, taiwan and south korea. | a total number of 1105 cases with viral conjunctivitis, mainly epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis (ekc) consisting of 354 cases from sapporo, japan, of 628 from kaohsiung, taiwan and of 123 from busan, korea, encountered during the periods, 1980-81 and/or 1983, were studied aetiologically and epidemiologically. patients were aged from 27 days to 88 years with a peak in the 20-29 year age group. aetiological diagnoses were established in 610 cases (55%), consisting of 536 cases (49%) caused by adenov ... | 1987 | 3032816 |
| prevalence of enterovirus infection among healthy young children in taipei area. | | 1966 | 4287501 |
| adenovirus infection in intussusception in children in taiwan. | | 1969 | 4305625 |
| surveillance of viral infections at the national taiwan university hospital. | | 1972 | 4364035 |
| apha conference report, 1968. communicable disease. | | 1969 | 4974961 |
| an epidemiologic and clinical study on the outbreak of an enterovirus in taitung county, taiwan. | | 1968 | 5259183 |
| coxsackievirus b1 infection in infants less than 2 months of age. | most of the neonatal enteroviral infections reported in the literature are associated with coxsackievirus b2-b5 and echovirus 9 and 11. we report a retrospective coxsackievirus b1 (cb1) infection in infants less than 2 months of age. seventeen patients had aseptic meningitis and 8 had systemic sepsis (multi-organ involvement including meningitis, impaired liver function, and abnormality in coagulation). the symptoms and signs were nonspecific and could not be distinguished with bacterial infecti ... | 1998 | 9572369 |
| sentinel surveillance for enterovirus 71, taiwan, 1998. | outbreaks of enterovirus 71 have been reported around the world since 1969. the most recent outbreak occurred in taiwan during april-july 1998. this hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic was detected by a sentinel surveillance system in april at the beginning of the outbreak, and the public was alerted. | 1999 | 10341187 |
| comparison of enterovirus 71 and coxsackie-virus a16 clinical illnesses during the taiwan enterovirus epidemic, 1998. | to compare enterovirus 71 (ev 71) with coxsackievirus a16 (cox a16) clinical illness in patients at chang gung children's hospital during taiwan's enterovirus epidemic of 1998. | 1999 | 10608631 |
| outbreaks of enterovirus 71 infection. | | 2000 | 10660400 |
| cardiac manifestations of fatal enterovirus infection during the 1998 outbreak in taiwan. | an outbreak of hand-foot-and-mouth disease caused by enterovirus infection occurred in taiwan in 1998 and more than 70 infants and children with fulminant courses died. we compared the cardiac manifestations of fatal cases with patients who survived the enterovirus infection. | 2000 | 10969447 |
| respiratory viral infections among pediatric inpatients and outpatients in taiwan from 1997 to 1999. | the present study examined the association of specific virus infections with acute respiratory tract conditions among hospitalized and outpatient children in a subtropical country. a total of 2,295 virus infections were detected in 6,986 patients between 1997 and 1999, including infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (1.7%), parainfluenza virus (2.0%), influenza b virus (2.6%), adenovirus (4.0%), herpes simplex virus type 1 (4. 4%), influenza a virus (5.5%), and enterovirus (12.7 ... | 2001 | 11136758 |
| enterovirus 71--emerging infections and emerging questions. | | 1999 | 10498495 |
| pathologic studies of fatal cases in outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease, taiwan. | in 1998, an outbreak of enterovirus 71-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease occurred in taiwan. pathologic studies of two fatal cases with similar clinical features revealed two different causative agents, emphasizing the need for postmortem examinations and modern pathologic techniques in an outbreak investigation. | 2001 | 11266307 |
| neurologic complications in children with enterovirus 71 infection. | enterovirus 71 infection causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease in young children, which is characterized by several days of fever and vomiting, ulcerative lesions in the oral mucosa, and vesicles on the backs of the hands and feet. the initial illness resolves but is sometimes followed by aseptic meningitis, encephalomyelitis, or even acute flaccid paralysis similar to paralytic poliomyelitis. | 1999 | 10498488 |
| an epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in taiwan. taiwan enterovirus epidemic working group. | enteroviruses can cause outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (characterized by vesicular lesions on the hands, feet, and oral mucosa) or herpangina, usually without life-threatening manifestations. in 1998 an epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection caused hand-foot-and-mouth disease and herpangina in thousands of people in taiwan, some of whom died. | 1999 | 10498487 |
| a new form of acute conjunctivitis epidemic in taiwan. a simultaneous outbreak of adenovirus type ii and "acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis" virus infections. | | 1974 | 4369724 |
| hemorrhagic viral keratoconjunctivitis in taiwan caused by adenovirus types 19 and 37: applicability of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in detecting adenovirus genotypes. | acute keratoconjunctivitis with prominent subconjunctival hemorrhage (sch) is usually perceived by a clinician as acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) associated with enteroviruses; however, sch can also be an adenoviruses infection. a rapid and sensitive laboratory diagnosis is helpful for differential diagnosis. therefore, the sensitivity and applicability of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse transcription (rt)-pcr diagnoses were evaluated for keratoconjunctivitis associated with v ... | 2001 | 11322419 |
| study on some biological and antigenic characteristics of ca24v isolates in taiwan in 1985-1989. | in order to understand the relationship between the ca24v isolates which caused two epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) in 1985-1986 and 1988-1989 in taiwan, biological and antigenic characteristics were studied with four ca24v strains, l077/85, v116/86, 590/88 and 722/89, which were isolated during the epidemics. the prototype strain, eh24/70, was used for comparison. in terms of cross neutralization, kinetic neutralization, plaque assay and protein electrophoresis, no obvious d ... | 1994 | 8057410 |
| emerging and re-emerging epidemic encephalitis: a tale of two viruses. | two major epidemics of viral encephalitis occurred in asia in 1997 and 1998. the first was a re-emergence of neurovirulent strains of enterovirus 71, which caused severe encephalomyelitis in children in malaysia, taiwan and japan, on a background of hand, foot and mouth disease. necropsy studies of patients who died of enterovirus 71 infection showed severe perivascular cuffing, parenchymal inflammation and neuronophagia in the spinal cord, brainstem and diencephalon, and in focal areas in the c ... | 2000 | 10931364 |
| deaths among children during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease--taiwan, republic of china, april-july 1998. | during april-july 1998, the ministry of health in taiwan received approximately 90,000 reports of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) among young children based on passive surveillance from sentinel physicians. approximately 320 children have been hospitalized with hfmd associated with suspected meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis (afp), and at least 55 have died. this report describes the clinical course of two fatal cases and presents summary findings from an ongoing clinical ... | 1998 | 9704628 |
| altered cellular but not humoral reactions in children with complicated enterovirus 71 infections in taiwan. | enterovirus 71 (ev 71) infections have high neurovirulence and fatality. immune responses were assessed in 78 patients with ev 71 infection. ev 71 meningoencephalitis occurred more frequently in younger children and in boys. c-reactive protein levels were not elevated, although total leukocyte counts were increased in these patients. the cd40-ligand expression on t cells significantly decreased in children with meningoencephalitis (p=.041). polymorphism of the cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen-4 (c ... | 2001 | 11237800 |
| genetic analysis of enterovirus 71 isolated from fatal and non-fatal cases of hand, foot and mouth disease during an epidemic in taiwan, 1998. | a large scale outbreak of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd) occurred in taiwan in 1998, in which more than 80 children died of shock syndrome with pulmonary edema/hemorrhage. enterovirus 71 was implicated as the cause of this outbreak. in order to understand the virological basis responsible for mortality on this scale, nucleotide sequences of vp1 that is important for serotypic specificity, and the 5'-non-coding region (5'-ncr) that is important for replication efficiency, were analyzed compar ... | 2000 | 10958984 |
| an outbreak of enterovirus 71 infection in taiwan, 1998. ii. laboratory diagnosis and genetic analysis. | an epidemic of enterovirus 71 (ev71) occurred in taiwan from april to december of 1998, with two peaks, one in june and the other in october. many enteroviruses were isolated in our laboratory from 258 cases during this outbreak. approximately half of the enteroviruses isolated were ev71 and one fifth were coxsackievirus a16. | 2000 | 10942089 |
| an outbreak of enterovirus 71 infection in taiwan, 1998: epidemiologic and clinical manifestations. | an outbreak of enterovirus infections occurred throughout taiwan in 1998. the diseases were manifectated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd), some associated with meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis (afp). | 2000 | 10814935 |
| an outbreak of enterovirus 71 infection in taiwan 1998: a comprehensive pathological, virological, and molecular study on a case of fulminant encephalitis. | in a recent enterovirus outbreak in taiwan, serotype 71 was the culprit of encephalitis causing rapid clinical deterioration and death among young children. | 2000 | 10814934 |
| enterovirus 71 from fatal and nonfatal cases of hand, foot and mouth disease epidemics in malaysia, japan and taiwan in 1997-1998. | enterovirus 71 (ev71), one of the major causative agents for hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd), is sometimes associated with severe central nervous system diseases. in 1997, in malaysia and japan, and in 1998 in taiwan, there were hfmd epidemics involving sudden deaths among young children, and ev71 was isolated from the hfmd patients, including the fatal cases. the nucleotide sequences of each ev71 isolate were determined and compared by phylogenetical analysis. ev71 strains from previously r ... | 1999 | 10808253 |
| enterovirus infections with special reference to enterovirus 71. | the enteroviruses comprise a large group of immunologically distinct serotypes of viruses belonging to the family of picornaviridae. many enteroviruses cause diseases in human, but the infections are generally mild as asymptomatic, therefore, enteroviruses are considered to be unimportant as human pathogens. however, enteroviruses may also result in serious or even fatal disease (as shown in the enterovirus 71 (ev71) epidemic in taiwan in 1998). there are three types of polioviruses, coxsackievi ... | 2000 | 10806956 |
| enterovirus 71 outbreaks, taiwan: occurrence and recognition. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) caused a large outbreak in taiwan in 1998 with 78 deaths, and smaller outbreaks recurred in 2000 and 2001. the outbreak was recognized because of a large number of hand, foot, and mouth disease cases and the rapid deaths of children with the disease. virologic and pathologic studies indicated that ev71 was the most important agent related to severe and fatal cases and that a neurogenic inflammatory response was involved in the pathogenesis of cardiopulmonary collapse result ... | 2003 | 12643822 |
| mr imaging findings of enteroviral encephaloymelitis: an outbreak in taiwan. | an outbreak of enterovirus infection occurred in taiwan from late spring to early fall of 1998. most of the pediatric infections presented as hand-foot-mouth disease (hfmd) and herpangina. a small portion of patients had symptoms of polio-like encephalitis and paralysis. the purpose of this study was to review the mr imaging findings in cns involvement of enterovirus infection. | 1999 | 10588115 |
| cardiac troponin i: a reliable marker and early myocardial involvement with meningoencephalitis after fatal enterovirus-71 infection. | a major outbreak of enterovirus 71 (ev71) in taiwan in 1998 caused many severe cases and 78 deaths. our purpose was to find reliable markers and early indicators of fatal ev71 central nervous system (cns) infection. | 2003 | 12799149 |
| neonatal enterovirus infections: emphasis on risk factors of severe and fatal infections. | neonatal enterovirus infections have diverse manifestations, from asymptomatic to fatal. an understanding of the risk factors associated with severe cases might help to reduce enterovirus-related morbidity and mortality. | 2003 | 14551490 |
| mr imaging findings of enteroviral encephalomyelitis: an outbreak in taiwan. | | 1999 | 10588095 |
| clinical features and risk factors of pulmonary oedema after enterovirus-71-related hand, foot, and mouth disease. | in taiwan, from april to july, 1998, an epidemic of hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with enterovirus 71 (ev71) occurred with fatal complications. we did a clinical study of ev71-related diseases in taiwan. | 1999 | 10568570 |
| enterovirus 71: the virus, its infections and outbreaks. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) was first recognized in 1974. since then it has been implicated in 13 small and large outbreaks world-wide. large outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd), mostly benign, occurred in japan in 1973 and 1978. four outbreaks with brain stem encephalitis and significant numbers of deaths occurred in bulgaria and hungary in the late 1970's and in malaysia and taiwan in 1997 and 1998 respectively. during the latter two epidemics, pulmonary edema and hemorrhage often leadi ... | 2000 | 11269363 |
| outcome of enterovirus 71 infections with or without stage-based management: 1998 to 2002. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection may progress through four stages, one of which is cardiopulmonary failure. in taiwan in 1998 almost all the ev71 patients with cardiopulmonary failure died. to improve clinical outcome of ev71 patients, we developed a stage-based management program in 2000. | 2004 | 15071287 |
| surveillance of respiratory viral infections among pediatric outpatients in northern taiwan. | viruses are a frequent cause of upper respiratory tract infections in children. like taiwan, there were few virological surveillance systems for respiratory viral infections among children in developing countries. | 2004 | 15072759 |
| neurologic involvement in an outbreak of enterovirus 71 infection: a hospital-based study. | enterovirus (ev) can cause varied clinical manifestations. involvement of the central nervous system (cns) with the nonpolio evs are common and important causes of morbidity in children. to investigate the manifestations of nonpolio enteroviral infections with cns involvement during the ev outbreak, from february 1998 to january 1999, we collected 153 hospitalized patients in our pediatric ward caused by nonpolio ev infections which were diagnosed by history, clinical features, or detected from ... | 2001 | 11270182 |
| neurologic complications of enterovirus 71 infection in children: lessons from this taiwan epidemic. | | 2001 | 11270188 |
| clinical spectrum of enterovirus 71 infection in children in southern taiwan, with an emphasis on neurological complications. | an outbreak of enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection occurred in taiwan in 1998. the clinical spectrums and laboratory findings for 97 patients with virus culture-proven ev71 infections were analyzed. eighty-seven percent of the patients were younger than age 5 years. hand-foot-and-mouth syndrome occurred in 79% of the children and central nervous system (cns) involvement in 35%, including nine fatal cases. the predominant neurological presentations were myoclonus (68%), vomiting (53%), and ataxia (35 ... | 1999 | 10433583 |
| change of major genotype of enterovirus 71 in outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in taiwan between 1998 and 2000. | two outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (hfmd) occurred in taiwan between 1998 and 2000. enteroviruses were isolated from a total of 1,892 patients in this laboratory during this period. of the virus isolates, enterovirus 71 (ev71) was diagnosed in 44.4% of the patients (132 of 297) in 1998, 2% (13 of 646) in 1999, and 20.5% (195 of 949) in 2000. genetic analyses of the 5'-untranslated and vp1 regions of ev71 isolates by reverse transcription-pcr and sequencing were performed to understand ... | 2002 | 11773085 |
| cerebral infarction associated with possible enteroviral infection in an infant. | enterovirus infection has been rarely reported to cause cerebral infarction in infants. we describe a 2-month-old boy with right focal seizure and right hemiparesis associated with enterovirus infection during an epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in taiwan in 1998. magnetic resonance imaging and angiography showed vasculitis in the left anterior cerebral artery with cerebral infarction. in the unclarified pathogenesis of cerebral disease in enterovirus infection, this case suggests focal vasc ... | 2004 | 15868815 |
| the clinical evaluation of an outbreak of aseptic meningitis in children. | aseptic meningitis is a common disease in children; the present report describes the clinical and laboratory studies of 62 children involved in an outbreak of aseptic meningitis. | 1996 | 8634928 |
| infectious bill atrophy syndrome caused by parvovirus in a co-outbreak with duck viral hepatitis in ducklings in taiwan. | in october 1989, an epizootic duckling disease with high mortality occurred in taiwan. the disease was characterized by droopiness, inappetence, ataxia, ruffled feathers, and watery diarrhea. affected ducklings were lame, were unable to stand, showed opisthotonos, and often died 3 or 4 days after the onset of the disease. tolerant maturing ducklings displayed atrophic upper bills with a protruding tongue and became stunted as they reached maturity. no diagnostic histopathologic lesions were foun ... | 1993 | 8395811 |
| molecular epidemiology of a variant of coxsackievirus a24 in taiwan: two epidemics caused by phylogenetically distinct viruses from 1985 to 1989. | in order to know the phylogenetic relationship and the route of transmission of a variant of coxsackievirus a24 (ca24v), an agent that caused four sequential outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis from 1985 to 1989 in taiwan, the nucleotide sequence variations in the virus-encoded proteinase 3c region (549 nucleotides) were studied with 19 isolates. the prototype strain (eh24/70), four isolates from japan, and two isolates from hong kong were used for comparison. the nucleotide sequences ... | 1993 | 8388888 |
| genetic analysis of recent taiwanese isolates of a variant of coxsackievirus a24. | epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by a variant of coxsackievirus a24 (ca24v) reappeared in taiwan in 1990 and 1994, following the first two epidemics of 1985--86 and 1988--89. to analyze the genetic diversity of recent ca24v in taiwan, 7 taiwanese strains isolated during the 1990--94 period were studied together with one japanese and two thai strains isolated in 1993. a fragment of 674 nucleotides between the carboxy terminal 3a and the amino terminal 3d polymerase, incl ... | 2001 | 11424114 |
| the association between rainfall rate and occurrence of an enterovirus epidemic due to a contaminated well. | to determine the association between rainfall rate and occurrence of enterovirus infection related to contamination of drinking water. | 2006 | 17105552 |
| differences in replication capacity between enterovirus 71 isolates obtained from patients with encephalitis and those obtained from patients with herpangina in taiwan. | the cellular-tropism and biological characteristics of enterovirus 71 (ev71) isolates in taiwan (tw) were studied. growth curve experiments were conducted using cell lines that were possibly exhibited pathogenesis, and rt-pcr and sequencing tests were undertaken to amplify the 5' non-coding region (5'-ncr). the encephalitis isolate ev71 tw98ntu2078 was pbmc-tropic, temperature-resistant (tr) at 40 degrees c, and easier to replicate in htb-14 (astrocytoma) than the herpangina isolate ev71 tw98ntu ... | 2007 | 17133556 |
| seroepidemiological study of coxsackievirus type a24 variant (ca24v) in taiwan. | in october 1985 and june 1986, for the first time, taiwan experienced two outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by a variant of coxsackievirus a24 (ca24v). sera of virologically and clinically confirmed cases were studied together with the pre- and post-epidemic serum samples by the microneutralization method (cut-off titer, 1:8). the serum samples included 16 cases of virologically confirmed ahc and 18 cases of clinically diagnosed ahc which were collected during the period ... | 1994 | 7837321 |
| molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71 in taiwan. | taiwan suffered a severe and widespread outbreak of enterovirus infection in 1998. more than 400 children were hospitalized, with seventy-eight fatalities due to central nerve system (cns) involvement and cardiopulmonary collapse. enterovirus 71 (ev71) was incriminated as the causative agent for the fatal cases. to understand the viral molecular epidemiology in this outbreak, fragments of 207-bp length of the vp4 region in 23 taiwanese ev 71 isolates were sequenced. pair-wise comparison revealed ... | 2001 | 11338392 |
| the nucleotide sequence of 3c proteinase region of the coxsackievirus a24 variant: comparison of the isolates in taiwan in 1985-1988. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) first appeared in taiwan in october 1985, followed by two other sequential epidemics in 1986 and 1988. in order to know the evolutionary relationship of the ca24v strains isolated in taiwan, we first determined the nucleotide sequence of the 3c proteinase (3cpro) region of the prototype strain (eh24/70), isolated in singapore in 1970, by molecular cloning. the nucleotide sequence of the 3cpro region thus sequenced show ... | 1991 | 1647565 |
| clinical manifestations and laboratory assessment in an enterovirus 71 outbreak in southern taiwan. | an epidemic of enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection compatible with hand, foot and mouth disease and associated with high morbidity and mortality occurred in taiwan in 1998. we recruited 90 patients (50 males, 40 females) with definite ev71 infections for clinical and laboratory analysis. the neurological signs and symptoms, all of which occurred during the febrile period, in patients with central nervous system (cns) involvement (aseptic meningitis, encephalitis or myelitis) were myoclonic jerks (23 ... | 2002 | 11928838 |
| genetic and antigenic analyses of enterovirus 71 isolates in taiwan during 1998-2005. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) infections can lead to devastating clinical outcomes in children, with an increasing number of severe cases worldwide. the genetic and antigenic variability of ev71 strains isolated in taiwan in 1998-2005 was evaluated using partial nucleotide sequence analysis of the vp1 gene and the neutralisation assay. phylogenetic analyses revealed that most ev71 isolates from the 1998 epidemic belonged to sub-genogroup c2, with a minority belonging to sub-genogroup b4. between 1999 an ... | 2007 | 17488328 |
| the 1998 enterovirus 71 outbreak in taiwan: pathogenesis and management. | the most recently discovered enterovirus, enterovirus 71 (ev71), is neurotropic and may cause severe disease and sudden death in children. in 1998, a large outbreak of enterovirus infection occurred in taiwan that resulted in 405 severe cases in children and 78 deaths. of the 78 children who died, 71 (91%) were <5 years old. ev71 was the primary agent in fatal cases of infection. most of these patients died within 1-2 days of admission to the hospital. we hypothesize that ev71 directly attacks t ... | 2002 | 11938497 |
| an eight-year study of epidemiologic features of enterovirus 71 infection in taiwan. | in 1998, an epidemic of enterovirus 71 (ev 71) infection occurred in taiwan. the purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiology of ev 71 infection in taiwan. between march 1998 and december 2005, a total of 1,548 severe cases of hand-foot-mouth disease and herpangina (hfmd/ha) was reported to the center for disease control in taiwan. a seasonal variation in number of severe cases was observed, with the annual peak in second quarter. deaths from severe hfmd/ha varied from year to year (chi( ... | 2007 | 17620652 |
| epidemiologic features of hand-foot-mouth disease and herpangina caused by enterovirus 71 in taiwan, 1998-2005. | in 1998, an epidemic of hand-foot-mouth disease/herpangina was caused by human enterovirus 71 infection in taiwan. the underlying factors of widespread emergence of viral infection are unclear. the purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiology of hand-foot-mouth disease/herpangina in taiwan between march 1998 and december 2005. | 2007 | 17671037 |
| sequence analysis of a duck picornavirus isolate indicates that it together with porcine enterovirus type 8 and simian picornavirus type 2 should be assigned to a new picornavirus genus. | in a 1990 outbreak, a virus isolated in taiwan from the intestines of ducks showing signs of hepatitis was tentatively classified as a picornavirus on the basis of physical, chemical, and morphological characteristics. the virus was cloned and then found not to be type 1 duck hepatitis virus (dhv-1) or a new serotype of duck hepatitis virus (n-dhv) by serum neutralization. complete genome sequencing indicated that the virus genome had 8351 nucleotides and the typical picornavirus genome organiza ... | 2007 | 17686542 |
| epidemiological survey of enterovirus infections occurring in taiwan between 2000 and 2005: analysis of sentinel physician surveillance data. | enterovirus (ev) infections are common. there are more than 60 known serotypes, and each has different epidemiologic or medical importance. over 700 physicians from 75% of basic administrative units of taiwan participated in the "sentinel physician surveillance of infectious disease" and reported weekly to the center for disease control-taiwan with data on various infections. data of laboratory-confirmed ev infections from this surveillance between 2000 and 2005 was analyzed. ev serotypes were d ... | 2007 | 17935170 |
| complete genome analysis of enterovirus 71 isolated from an outbreak in taiwan and rapid identification of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus a16 by rt-pcr. | hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) and encephalomyelitis were two major clinical manifestations during the 1998 enterovirus 71 (ev71) epidemic in taiwan. to investigate whether different clinical patterns were caused by alterations in ev71 genomes, the complete nucleotide sequences of four ev71 strains associated with hfmd or encephalomyelitis were compared. among these viral strains, two or three nucleotide differences were found within the 5'-noncoding region, and two or four amino acid diff ... | 2001 | 11536241 |
| pulmonary oedema, encephalitis and retroauricular vesicular rash in a 9-month-old infant. enterovirus 71 infection complicated by pulmonary oedema and encephalitis. | | 2002 | 12014399 |
| laboratory diagnosis and genetic analysis of an echovirus 30-associated outbreak of aseptic meningitis in taiwan in 2001. | a large outbreak of aseptic meningitis occurred from april to november 2001 in taiwan. of the 1,130 enterovirus-infected patients, echovirus 30 (e30) infection was diagnosed in 188 (16.6%), with the patients having various clinical manifestations including aseptic meningitis (73.9%), young infant fever (6.9%), respiratory symptoms or herpangina (13.3%), or others (5.9%). the majority of the e30-infected patients were between 3 and 10 years old. of the 264 e30 strains identified, 94.3, 71, and 67 ... | 2002 | 12454133 |
| outbreak of aseptic meningitis among adults in southern taiwan. | a total of 38 adult cases of aseptic meningitis were diagnosed based on clinical manifestations as well as examination of cerebrospinal fluid at kaohsiung veterans general hospital in 2001. the majority (31 cases, 82%) of cases occurred between june and august, and most (33 cases, 87%) of them aged from 18 to 35 years (median age, 25 years). the male-to-female ratio was 2.16:1. common clinical presentations included headache, fever, nausea or vomiting, and symptoms of common cold. on initial cer ... | 2003 | 14582564 |
| encephalitis in taiwan: a prospective hospital-based study. | to investigate encephalitis in taiwan, a multicenter study was conducted with patients who had acute severe neurological dysfunction and suspected encephalitis from may 2000 to december 2001. demographic data such as age, sex, and seasons were analyzed. polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed to determine the microbiologic diagnosis. the patients included 73 males and 54 females, with a peak age of 10-40 years old. microbiologic diagnoses in 86 (69%) of 124 cases involved herpes simple ... | 2003 | 14695429 |
| enterovirus 71 in taiwan, 2004-2006: epidemiological and virological features. | we report unusual cases of myocarditis caused by enterovirus 71 (ev71) and a declining trend in the incidence of ev71 in taiwan since 2005. furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of the 5' untranslated region, vp4, and vp1 genes of ev71 isolates in 2004-2005 revealed a divergent phylogeny from the previous taiwanese isolates. no obvious phylogenetically distinct clones or clusters were found related to varying degrees of disease severity or clinical manifestations. | 2008 | 18584550 |
| early and rapid detection of enterovirus 71 infection by an igm-capture elisa. | enterovirus 71 infection is more likely to induce severe complications and mortality than other enteroviruses. laboratory diagnosis of enterovirus 71 in taiwan still relies mainly on conventional virus isolation techniques that often require 5-10 days to obtain a result, thus hindering seriously the subsequent treatment and disease control measures. this study was to find a better alternative by developing a rapid enterovirus 71 detecting procedure, which can afford an earlier diagnosis and a mo ... | 2004 | 15109819 |
| outcome predictors of fulminant hepatic failure in children. | mortality of fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) is high in children. it is crucial to identify patients with poor prognosis for timely referral to liver transplantation. this study aimed to assess the clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with fhf and evaluate their correlation with outcome. | 2004 | 15278187 |
| hla-a33 is associated with susceptibility to enterovirus 71 infection. | enterovirus 71 has caused large epidemics of disease, resulting in many fatalities and severe sequelae, in taiwan and some other countries. in this study, host genetic factors were investigated to link susceptibility to and clinical severity of enterovirus 71 infections. | 2008 | 19047245 |
| epidemiologic features of kawasaki disease in taiwan, 1996-2002. | kawasaki disease (kd) is the most common acquired heart disease in children worldwide. the incidence of kd varies among different countries, with asian countries supposedly having higher incidences than western countries. however, the incidence of kd in taiwan has not been well investigated. | 2004 | 15574600 |
| recommendations for management of severe enterovirus infection in taiwan. | | 1998 | 9775489 |
| revealing molecular targets for enterovirus type 71 detection by profile hidden markov models. | the enterovirus infection in 1998 claimed 78 deaths in taiwan, with an average of 40 fatalities each year after. traditional serum-based diagnostic methods often fail to detect enteroviruses due to antigenic changes. as a result, many isolates remain untyped and are absent from the enterovirus surveillance and epidemiological investigations. we present a profile hidden markov model (hmm) method for molecular typing of enterovirus 71 (ev71). based on the enteroviral sequences retrieved from genba ... | 2005 | 16175339 |
| a neonatal echovirus 11 outbreak in an obstetric clinic. | an echovirus 11 outbreak occurred among neonates in an obstetric clinic in november 2003. thirteen neonates were transferred to our medical center, and all were found to have echovirus 11 infection. viral studies were performed for 32 other infants born in the clinic during the same period, including 30 asymptomatic neonates and 2 febrile infants transferred to another hospital. two of the asymptomatic infants had echovirus 11 isolated from rectal swabs. the first patient transferred to our medi ... | 2005 | 16211141 |
| clinical features and factors of unfavorable outcomes for non-polio enterovirus infection of the central nervous system in northern taiwan, 1994-2003. | this study investigated the clinical manifestations and outcomes of central nervous system (cns) infection by enteroviruses. cases with cns involvement among all enterovirus-culture-positive cases from january 1995 to june 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. among 1028 enterovirus-culture-positive cases, there were 333 cases involving the cns. of these, the ratio of male to female subjects was 1.78, and the mean (+/- standard deviation) age was 6.83 +/- 5.9 years; 21 were premature neonates, and ... | 2005 | 16341342 |
| enterovirus 71 maternal antibodies in infants, taiwan. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) causes life-threatening disease outbreaks in young children in asia. this cohort study was conducted to understand the dynamics of maternal ev71 antibodies in taiwanese young infants. approximately 50% of neonates had detectable ev71 neutralizing antibodies, which declined to almost undetectable levels by 6 months of age. | 2009 | 19331737 |
| coxsackievirus b4 in southern taiwan: molecular epidemiology. | enterovirus outbreaks caused by coxsackievirus b4 (cb4) in taiwan in 2004 and 2008. | 2009 | 19375382 |
| floods of fever. | | 2007 | 17251079 |
| molecular epidemiology of coxsackie a type 24 variant in taiwan, 2000-2007. | epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by a coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) appeared in taiwan in 2000-2002 and again in 2006-2007. | 2009 | 19473877 |
| enterovirus 71: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) has emerged as a major cause of neurological threat in the world following the eradication of poliovirus. most ev71 infections commonly result in hand-foot-mouth disease or herpangina, and some cases are associated with brainstem encephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis. mortality was high in ev71 brainstem encephalitis complicated with pulmonary edema, particularly in children below 5 years of age. destruction of vasomotor in the brainstem by ev71 produces autonomic nervou ... | 2009 | 19681701 |
| outbreak of aseptic meningitis in taipei in spring 1993. | an outbreak of aseptic meningitis in the taipei area occurred from january to august 1993. a total of 114 cases were identified by cerebrospinal fluid (csf) examination at national taiwan university hospital. most of the cases were found from february to may 1993. the peak of age distribution was 3 to 11 years. the male-to-female ratio was 2.1 to 1. most patients had fever, headache, and vomiting and nausea. on initial csf examination, protein concentrations > 400 mg/l were noted in 38 of 93 csf ... | 1995 | 7613228 |
| extracorporeal life support for treatment of children with enterovirus 71 infection-related cardiopulmonary failure. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection leading to cardiopulmonary failure (cpf) is rare, but usually fatal. in such cases, intensive cardiorespiratory support is essential for survival. in this study, we report our experience in the treatment of ev71-related cpf with extracorporeal life support (ecls). | 2010 | 20033668 |
| [analysis on the preference of synonymous codon in vp1 nucleotide sequence of the ev71 based on rscu method]. | based on rscu method and by analyzing the preference of codon usage in vp1 nucleotide sequences of ev71 isolated in chinese mainland and taiwan region from 1998 to 2008, it is clear that there is an obvious time discrimination in rscu calculated from ev71 vp1 strain between two different regions of china and it is more obvious in taiwan region, therefore, according to the diversity of rscu, the years can be divided into 2 intervals in chinese mainland and 4 intervals in taiwan region, especially ... | 2009 | 20077938 |
| mosaic genome structure of echovirus type 30 that circulated in taiwan in 2001. | an echovirus type 30 (e30) outbreak occurred in taiwan in 2001. in this study, one 1998 and nineteen 2001 enterovirus isolates from cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of children with meningitis were genetically analyzed. although negative results were obtained using the e30-specific monoclocal antibody in an immunofluorescent assay (ifa) test of all 20 isolates, molecular typing by partial vp1 sequences and subsequent neutralization test identified them as e30. among those, seven of them were misidentif ... | 2007 | 17610124 |
| knowledge about and attitude toward enterovirus 71 infections: a survey of parents and teachers at kindergartens in taiwan. | in 2008, we surveyed 690 parents and 104 teachers at kindergartens in taiwan about their knowledge of and attitude towards enterovirus 71 infections. the accurate response rate for enterovirus infection characteristics was greater than 80% for specific symptoms, prevalent age group, and predominant infection season. parents and teachers felt great anxiety and even panic about infection. both groups perceived the impact of enterovirus infection to be worse than that of influenza. | 2010 | 20227791 |
| circulating viruses associated with severe complicated enterovirus infection in taiwan: a multi-year analysis. | few studies have investigated the viral isolation characteristics for severe complicated enterovirus infection (scei). this study evaluated the seasonality and contribution of circulated viruses to the chronologic trend and weekly reported scei epidemic. | 2010 | 20351529 |
| appearance of intratypic recombination of enterovirus 71 in taiwan from 2002 to 2005. | genetic recombination is a well-known phenomenon for enteroviruses. in this study, we determined the phylogenetic relationships of five distinct regions of the ev71 genome for 73 ev71 isolates from 1986 and from 1998 to 2005 in taiwan. phylogenetic analyses showed that the 5'-utr, vp4-vp2, vp1, and 3d regions of ev71 isolated in 2004 and 2005 were grouped into genotype c. however, the 2b region of these isolates differed in that it grouped with genotype b, indicating recombination within ev71 ha ... | 2008 | 18036697 |
| increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women affected by herpangina. | this population-based study aimed to assess the relation between herpangina and adverse pregnancy outcomes: low birthweight (lbw), small for gestational age (sga), and preterm delivery. | 2010 | 20417474 |
| comparison of clinical features between coxsackievirus a2 and enterovirus 71 during the enterovirus outbreak in taiwan, 2008: a children's hospital experience. | coxsackievirus a2 (cox a2) was the predominant serotype in the enterovirus outbreak in taiwan, 2008. however, detailed clinical features of cox a2 infection have not been reported. in this study, we compared cox a2 with enterovirus 71 (ev71) in terms of clinical manifestation and epidemiology during the 2008 enterovirus outbreak in taiwan. | 2010 | 20457425 |
| incidence and case-fatality rates resulting from the 1998 enterovirus 71 outbreak in taiwan. | in 1998, an epidemic of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and herpangina caused by enterovirus 71 occurred in taiwan, leaving many fatalities and severely handicapped survivors in its wake. the reasons this rather common pathogen would cause such a large-scale epidemic remain unknown. a seroepidemiological survey to elucidate the epidemiological characteristics of this outbreak, including its incidence and case-fatality rates was undertaken. microneutralization tests for antibodies against enterovirus ... | 2002 | 11992582 |
| an outbreak of coxsackievirus a16 infection: comparison with other enteroviruses in a preschool in taipei. | the transmission rate of enteroviruses in young children remains unclear. therefore, we carried out active surveillance in preschool children to investigate the transmission rate and clinical manifestation of enteroviruses. | 2010 | 20688286 |
| molecular detection and prevalence of enterovirus within environmental water in taiwan. | to investigate the presence of enterovirus rna in various samples of environmental water collected in taiwan during 2004-2005, and to characterize the genotypes and distribution of the viruses identified in taiwan. | 2008 | 18201176 |
| establishing a nationwide emergency department-based syndromic surveillance system for better public health responses in taiwan. | with international concern over emerging infectious diseases (eid) and bioterrorist attacks, public health is being required to have early outbreak detection systems. a disease surveillance team was organized to establish a hospital emergency department-based syndromic surveillance system (ed-sss) capable of automatically transmitting patient data electronically from the hospitals responsible for emergency care throughout the country to the centers for disease control in taiwan (taiwan-cdc) star ... | 2008 | 18201388 |
| genetic diversity and c2-like subgenogroup strains of enterovirus 71, taiwan, 2008. | human enterovirus 71 (ev-71) is known of having caused numerous outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease, and other clinical manifestations globally. in 2008, 989 ev-71 strains were isolated in taiwan. | 2010 | 20959020 |
| risk factors of enterovirus 71 infection and associated hand, foot, and mouth disease/herpangina in children during an epidemic in taiwan. | in 1998, an enterovirus 71 (ev71) epidemic in taiwan was associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd)/herpangina and involved 78 fatal cases. we measured ev71 seroprevalence rates before and after the epidemic and investigated risk factors associated with ev71 infection and illness. | 2002 | 12042582 |
| prevalence of enteroviruses in hot spring recreation areas of taiwan. | enteroviruses can be introduced into the water environment as a result of human activity. contaminations within hot tubs, spas and public baths are also possible. we investigated the distribution of enteroviruses at six hot spring recreation areas throughout taiwan. spring water was collected from 34 sites and enteroviruses were detected in 13 (38.2%). the most frequently detected was coxsackievirus a2, followed by echovirus 11. enterovirus 71 (ev 71) and porcine enterovirus 9 were detected once ... | 2008 | 18218023 |
| the change of etiological agents and clinical signs of epidemic viral conjunctivitis over an 18-year period in southern taiwan. | epidemic viral conjunctivitis is a highly contagious eye disease that occurs worldwide and is caused mainly by adenoviruses and enteroviruses. an 18-year analysis of the changes of pathogens and clinical signs in a subtropical and densely populated island presents certain special features. | 2003 | 12768288 |
| clinical application of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and intravenous immunoglobulin for enterovirus encephalitis. | although polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a highly sensitive procedure for the diagnosis of enteroviruses, it has never been systemically applied to the treatment of enteroviral encephalitis using intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig). we conducted a 2-year randomized, controlled comparison of reverse transcription (rt)-pcr of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) with traditional viral isolation to guide ivig treatment. seventy-five patients were enrolled and classified into three groups: one group with clin ... | 2008 | 18219129 |
| attention-deficit/hyperactivity-related symptoms among children with enterovirus 71 infection of the central nervous system. | no study has investigated the association between enterovirus 71 central nervous system infection and symptoms related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. in this study we evaluated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related symptoms and internalizing problems as long-term sequelae resulting from enterovirus 71 central nervous system infection in children. | 2008 | 18606624 |
| molecular diagnosis and clinical presentations of enteroviral infections in taipei during the 2008 epidemic. | in 2008, an epidemic of enterovirus (ev) infection caused hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) and herpangina in children in taiwan, and some of them died. to establish an early detection and effective management for children with ev71 infection, sensitive molecular diagnostic methods were applied from may to july 2008. | 2011 | 21524611 |
| viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized young children in northern taiwan. | lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) comprise a great proportion of diagnoses among hospitalized children. this study identifies the viral pathogens causing lrtis in young children and compares their clinical features and disease severity. | 2011 | 21524612 |
| transmission and clinical features of enterovirus 71 infections in household contacts in taiwan. | although enterovirus 71 has caused epidemics associated with significant morbidity and mortality, its transmission has not been thoroughly investigated. | 2004 | 14722149 |