| malaria--a problem for hawaii? | | 1971 | 4929465 |
| a pcr test for avian malaria in hawaiian birds. | the decline of native hawaiian forest birds since european contact is attributed to factors ranging from habitat destruction to interactions with introduced species. remaining populations of hawaiian honeycreepers (fringillidae: drepanidinae) are most abundant and diverse in high elevation refuges above the normal range of disease-carrying mosquitoes. challenge experiments suggest that honeycreepers are highly susceptible to avian malaria (plasmodium sp.) but resistance exists in some species. i ... | 1995 | 8564006 |
| characteristics of naturally acquired plasmodium relictum capistranoae infections in naive hawaiian crows (corvus hawaiiensis) in hawaii. | indigenous to hawaii, the hawaiian crow (corvus hawaiiensis) is the world's most severely endangered species with only 3 reproductively active pairs remaining in the wild. seven captive-reared, avian malaria-naive c. hawaiiensis were exposed in an outdoor aviary and hematologically and serologically monitored for 9 wk. three birds showed plasmodium relictum capistranoae parasitemia (6.35%, 2.15%, and 0.60%). all birds were seroconverted for malaria on week 7 as determined by enzyme-linked immuno ... | 1996 | 8627494 |
| wildlife disease and conservation in hawaii: pathogenicity of avian malaria (plasmodium relictum) in experimentally infected iiwi (vestiaria coccinea). | | 1995 | 8632925 |
| pathogenicity of avian malaria in experimentally-infected hawaii amakihi. | the introduction of avian malaria (plasmodium relictum) and mosquitoes (culex quinquefasciatus) to the hawaiian islands (usa) is believed to have played a major role in the decline and extinction of native hawaiian honeycreepers (drepanidinae). this introduced disease is thought to be one of the primary factors limiting recovery of honeycreepers at elevations below 1,200 m where native forest habitats are still relatively intact. one of the few remaining species of honeycreepers with a wide elev ... | 2000 | 10813599 |
| global phylogeographic limits of hawaii's avian malaria. | the introduction of avian malaria (plasmodium relictum) to hawaii has provided a model system for studying the influence of exotic disease on naive host populations. little is known, however, about the origin or the genetic variation of hawaii's malaria and traditional classification methods have confounded attempts to place the parasite within a global ecological and evolutionary context. using fragments of the parasite mitochondrial gene cytochrome b and the nuclear gene dihydrofolate reductas ... | 2006 | 17015360 |
| comparative susceptibility of introduced forest-dwelling mosquitoes in hawai'i to avian malaria, plasmodium relictum. | to identify potential vectors of avian malaria in hawaiian native forests, the innate susceptibility of aedes albopictus, wyeomyia mitchellii, and culex quinquefasciatus from 3 geographical sites along an altitudinal gradient was evaluated using local isolates of plasmodium relictum. mosquitoes were dissected 5-8 and 9-13 days postinfective blood meal and microscopically examined for oocysts and salivary-gland sporozoites. sporogony was completed in all 3 species, but prevalence between species ... | 2005 | 17089752 |
| landscape factors influencing the spatial distribution and abundance of mosquito vector culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) in a mixed residential-agricultural community in hawai'i. | mosquito-borne avian diseases, principally avian malaria (plasmodium relictum grassi and feletti) and avian pox (avipoxvirus sp.) have been implicated as the key limiting factor associated with recent declines of endemic avifauna in the hawaiian island archipelago. we present data on the relative abundance, infection status, and spatial distribution of the primary mosquito vector culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae) across a mixed, residential-agricultural community adjacent to hawai' ... | 2007 | 17915520 |
| prevalence and distribution of pox-like lesions, avian malaria, and mosquito vectors in kipahulu valley, haleakala national park, hawai'i, usa. | we determined prevalence and altitudinal distribution of introduced avian malarial infections (plasmodium relictum) and pox-like lesions (avipoxvirus) in forest birds from kipahulu valley, haleakalā national park, on the island of maui, and we identified primary larval habitat for the mosquito vector of this disease. this intensively managed wilderness area and scientific reserve is one of the most pristine areas of native forest remaining in the state of hawai'i, and it will become increasingly ... | 2007 | 17984251 |
| dispersal of culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) in a hawaiian rain forest. | introduced mosquito-borne pathogens avian malaria (plasmodium relictum grassi and feletti) and avian pox virus (avipoxvirus) have been implicated in the past extinctions and declines of hawaiian avifauna and remain significant obstacles to the recovery and restoration of endemic hawaiian birds. effective management of avian disease will require extensive mosquito control efforts that are guided by the local ecology of the vector culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae). during october and ... | 2008 | 18714858 |
| larval habitat for the avian malaria vector culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) in altered mid-elevation mesic-dry forests in hawai'i. | effective management of avian malaria (plasmodium relictum) in hawai'i's endemic honeycreepers (drepanidinae) requires the identification and subsequent reduction or treatment of larval habitat for the mosquito vector, culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). we conducted ground surveys, treehole surveys, and helicopter aerial surveys from 2001-2003 to identify all potential larval mosquito habitat within two 100+ ha mesic-dry forest study sites in hawai'i volcanoes national park, hawai'i; ' ... | 2009 | 20836824 |
| plasmodium-specific immunoglobulin e in sera from an area of holoendemic malaria. | serum samples obtained from adults living in an area of holoendemic malaria in papua new guinea and from control residents of hawaii were tested for plasmodium-specific immunoglobulin (ig) e antibody by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. fifteen (33.3%) of the new guinea sera had absorbance values indicative of seropositivity. only half of the ige-positive sera were concomitantly positive for antimalarial igg antibody. all of the control sera were negative for antibody of both immunoglobulin ... | 1989 | 2694483 |
| genetic characterization of hawaiian isolates of plasmodium relictum reveals mixed-genotype infections. | the relatively recent introduction of a highly efficient mosquito vector and an avian pathogen (plasmodium relictum) to an isolated island ecosystem with naïve, highly susceptible avian hosts provides a unique opportunity to investigate evolution of virulence in a natural system. mixed infections can significantly contribute to the uncertainty in host-pathogen dynamics with direct impacts on virulence. toward further understanding of how host-parasite and parasite-parasite relationships may impa ... | 2008 | 18578879 |
| artesunate: investigational drug for the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in hawai'i. | there are hundreds of millions of cases of malaria each year worldwide resulting in a million deaths. these deaths are mostly due to plasmodium falciparum. the only federal drug administration approved treatment for severe malaria is intravenous quinidine gluconate. intravenous quinidine is increasingly unavailable in the united states. in 2007, the center for disease control and prevention implemented an investigational new drug protocol to allow the use of intravenous artesunate for cases of s ... | 2011 | 21785506 |
| thermal constraints to the sporogonic development and altitudinal distribution of avian malaria plasmodium relictum in hawai'i. | more than half of the hawaiian honeycreepers (drepanidinae) known from historical records are now extinct. introduced mosquito-borne disease, in particular the avian malaria plasmodium relictum , has been incriminated as a leading cause of extinction during the 20th century and a major limiting factor in the recovery of remaining species populations. today, most native hawaiian bird species reach their highest densities and diversity in high elevation (>1,800 m above sea level) forests. we deter ... | 2010 | 20001096 |
| experimental infection of hawai'i 'amakihi (hemignathus virens) with west nile virus and competence of a co-occurring vector, culex quinquefasciatus: potential impacts on endemic hawaiian avifauna. | introduced mosquito-borne avian disease is a major limiting factor in the recovery and restoration of native hawaiian forest birds. annual epizootics of avian pox (avipoxvirus) and avian malaria (plasmodium relictum) likely led to the extinction of some species and continue to impact populations of susceptible hawaiian honeycreepers (drepanidinae). the introduction of a novel pathogen, such as west nile virus (wnv), could result in further population declines and extinctions. during september an ... | 2009 | 19395735 |