| ontogeny of sleep and wake states in the rabbit. | | 1979 | 233501 |
| tumor necrosis factor-beta induces sleep, fever, and anorexia. | the enhanced sleep, fever, and anorexia experienced during general infections are attributed to the increased production of cytokines. cytokines such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) have characteristic somnogenic, pyrogenic, and anorectic effects. tnf-beta is closely related to tnf-alpha, and they share common receptors. the effects of tnf-beta on sleep-wake activity, brain temperature (tbr), and food intake were, however, heretofore unknown. we injected 0.5-200 ng t ... | 1992 | 1415661 |
| antiserum to prolactin decreases rapid eye movement sleep (rem sleep) in the male rat. | previous reports suggest that blood-born prolactin (prl) may selectively promote rapid eye movement sleep (rems). to study the possible involvement of endogenous prl in sleep regulation, rats were systemically injected with either antiserum to prl or normal rabbit serum, and the sleep-wake activity was determined during the subsequent 12-h light cycle. the administration of normal rabbit serum in physiological saline did not alter sleep-wake activity compared to control recordings, whereas the p ... | 1992 | 1484861 |
| intraperitoneal injection of cholecystokinin elicits sleep in rabbits. | cholecystokinin (cck) reduces food intake and promotes non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (nrems) in rats. the purpose of present experiments was to determine if cck is somnogenic in rabbits; another species in which cck suppresses feeding. white new zealand rabbits were treated intracerebroventricularly (icv; 0.05, 0.5 and 2 micrograms) or intraperitoneally (ip; 2.5, 10 and 40 micrograms/kg) with cck or saline, and sleep-wake activity and brain temperature (tbr) were recorded for 6 h. injections of 1 ... | 1991 | 1798781 |
| molecular mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation: roles of prostaglandins d2 and e2. | although sleep-wake cycles are repeated every day and night and almost one-third of our lifetime is spent sleeping, the molecular mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation have remained little understood. recent experimental evidence indicates that prostaglandins (pg) d2 and e2 are probably two of the major endogenous sleep-regulating substances, one promoting sleep and the other wakefulness, in rats, dogs, rabbits, monkeys, and probably in humans as well. preliminary evidence indicates that the sites ... | 1991 | 1907936 |
| interleukin 1 alters rat sleep: temporal and dose-related effects. | rats received various doses of interleukin 1 (il-1) (range, 0.5-25.0 ng) or pyrogen-free saline intracerebroventricularly during the rest (light) and the active (dark) cycles of the day, and sleep-wake activity and brain temperature were determined for 6 h. low doses of il-1 (0.5 ng at night, 2.5 ng during the day) increased both the duration of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (nrems) and electroencephalogram (eeg) slow-wave activity during nrems episodes. increasing doses of il-1 had divergent eff ... | 1991 | 1992828 |
| mandibular movement trajectories and masticatory muscle activities in the rabbit in the sleep and wake states. | jaw movements and masticatory muscle activities were recorded in freely moving rabbits. during 5 hours of continuous recording, three states were recognized, namely, sleep, rhythmical jaw movements, and wake without any major jaw movements. the rhythmical jaw movements included chewing, drinking, and grooming and were similar in characteristics to those recorded in immobilized animals. during sleep, two kinds of masseter muscle behaviors with jaw movement features were recorded: one characterize ... | 1990 | 2099289 |
| effect of quinolinic acid on wakefulness and sleep in the rabbit. | quinolinic acid (quin), an endogenous neuroactive metabolite of tryptophan, administered i.c.v. in doses of 45, 90, 180, and 270 nmol in rabbits, demonstrated an excitatory action on the sleep-wake cycle and behaviour. doses of 90 and 180 nmol completely abolished the paradoxical sleep phase and induced a 5-fold decrease in the duration of deep slow wave sleep (dsws) in the first hour of the experiment. light slow wave sleep (1sws) duration was not altered. sniffing behaviour was markedly activa ... | 1990 | 2144974 |
| sleep and eeg spectra in the rabbit under baseline conditions and following sleep deprivation. | the 24-hr sleep-wake distribution and power spectra of the electroencephalogram were determined in rabbits that had been implanted with cortical and hippocampal electrodes. a diurnal preference for sleep was observed. the spectral power density in nonrapid eye movement sleep (nrem sleep) of the cortex showed a decreasing trend in most frequencies within the 12-hr light period. in the 12-hr dim period no clear trend was present. most hippocampal eeg frequencies decreased in nrem sleep in the firs ... | 1990 | 2236258 |
| developmental characteristics in the daily rhythm of serotonin concentration within rabbit brainstem regions. | to examine the development of daily rhythms in serotonin levels, we measured serotonin concentration within five distinct brainstem regions in 3-day-old, 21-day-old and adult rabbits at 09.30, 15.30, 21.30 and 03.30. serotonin was measured by radioenzymatic assay in the superior and inferior colliculi, rostral pons, caudal pons and medulla, and serotonin concentration was expressed relative to wet tissue weight. in addition to defining the presence of a daily rhythm in serotonin concentration in ... | 1990 | 2397678 |
| interleukin-6 is pyrogenic but not somnogenic. | interleukin-6 (il6) induces acute phase protein production and is hypothesized to mediate systemic and central effects of il1. to determine whether il6 possesses somnogenic properties, rabbits were injected intracerebroventricularly with il6; sleep-wake activity was determined and brain temperatures recorded for 6 hr. il6 induced fever in a dose-related manner with no effect on sleep-wake activity. il6, therefore, is the first cytokine reported to elicit fever without promoting sleep. we conclud ... | 1989 | 2476835 |
| prolactin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and peptide histidine methionine elicit selective increases in rem sleep in rabbits. | the purpose of these experiments was to determine whether (1) vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) produces effects on rabbit sleep similar to those reported for rats and cats; (2) peptide histidine methionine (phm), a peptide closely related to vip, mimics the sleep effects of vip; and (3) pituitary prolactin (prl), a pituitary hormone that has a sleep-related secretory pattern and for which vip and phm act as releasing factors, has similar effects on sleep. vip or phm (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 nmol/kg ... | 1989 | 2765864 |
| effects of alpha-msh on sleep, behavior, and brain temperature: interactions with il 1. | changes in rabbit sleep-wake activity, brain temperature (tbr), and behavior were studied after intracerebroventricular injections of a putative endogenous antipyretic, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh), and of an endogenous pyrogen, interleukin 1 (il 1-beta). alpha-msh (0.1-50.0 micrograms) dose dependently increased wakefulness (w) and decreased tbr, non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (nrems), and rapid-eye-movement sleep (rems). nrems was more sensitive than rems to the suppressive e ... | 1988 | 2849324 |
| bacterial peptidoglycans as modulators of sleep. ii. effects of muramyl peptides on the structure of rabbit sleep. | sleep-promoting substances derived from human urine and rabbit brain were identified as muramyl peptides (mps). we report in the accompanying paper that in the molecular structure of mps, the 1,6-anhydro muramic acid moiety of mps is important for enhancement of slow-wave sleep (sws) in rabbits. here, we document more extensively the effects of one mp: 1,6-anhydro-muramyl-alanyl-glutamyl-diaminopimelyl-alanine (amtp for anhydro-muramyl tetrapeptide) on sleep structure of rabbits. amtp significan ... | 1987 | 3103866 |
| growth hormone-releasing factor enhances sleep in rats and rabbits. | previously, it was suggested that a hypothalamic mechanism links somatotropin [growth hormone (gh)] secretion to sleep regulation, and this may explain the temporal correlation between gh release and nonrapid eye movement sleep (nrems) on sleep onset. the purpose of these experiments was to study whether growth hormone-releasing factor (grf), a hypothalamic peptide responsible for stimulation of gh secretion, also has the capacity to promote sleep in rats and rabbits. artificial cerebrospinal fl ... | 1988 | 3136672 |
| interleukin 1-receptor antagonist blocks interleukin 1-induced sleep and fever. | the recent purification and characterization of an interleukin 1-receptor antagonist (il-1ra) has provided an additional means of elucidating the mechanisms involved in the responses initiated by il-1. central administration of il-1 to rabbits results in a characteristic febrile response and in increased non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (nrems). in this study, rabbits received various doses of il-1ra (10-1,000 micrograms) or pyrogen-free saline intracerebroventricularly, and sleep-wake activity and ... | 1991 | 1825458 |
| sleep-wake states in infant rabbits: profiles from motility monitoring. | | 1979 | 493380 |
| interactions between 5-hydroxytryptamine and a purified bacterial pyrogen when injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle of the wake rabbit. | | 1971 | 5577497 |
| unsteady transport and hydration dynamics in the in vivo cornea. | the unsteady response of the rabbit cornea to the normal periodic variations in tear tonicity which accompany the sleep-wake cycle is examined quantitatively in terms of a physical description of corneal mechanics and transport. two different sets of experimental epithelial and endothelial flow conductivities and reflection coefficients are used, and the effect of variations in epithelial solute permeability and sodium pump rate is examined. the use of a set of experimental corneal parameters ch ... | 1973 | 4733698 |
| comparisons of behavioral, motoric and electrical criteria for assessment of sleep-wake states in the rabbit. | each of the sleep and wake states of animals are characterized by specific patterns of behavioral, motoric, and electrophysiological activity. the purpose of this study was to determine the amount of agreement among these three patterns. sleep-wake behavior of two adult rabbits was observed for 4 continuous hours by an experienced judge. at the same time, a single-channel analog recording of motility and an analog recording of the electrical activity of the hippocampus were obtained. each record ... | 1983 | 6634994 |
| brain temperature changes coupled to sleep states persist during interleukin 1-enhanced sleep. | the effects of human interleukin 1 (il 1) on the architecture of rabbit sleep-wake cycles and brain temperature (tbr) changes coupled to states of vigilance were examined. cerebral intraventricular infusion of il 1 induced increased slow-wave sleep (sws), increased electroencephalographic slow-wave (0.5-4 hz) amplitudes, and fever. heat-inactivated il 1 failed to elicit these responses. il 1 also significantly inhibited rapid-eye-movement (rem) sleep; however, inactivated il 1 also reduced rem s ... | 1986 | 3484616 |
| cross-species invariance in state-related motility patterns. | each of the sleep and wake states of animals are characterized by specific patterns of behavioral, motoric, and electrophysiological activity. sleep-wake behavior of rats, rabbits, and human infants (3 of each species) was observed, and, at the same time, a single-channel analog recording was obtained of the motoric activity. a judge who had extensive experience in observing sleep-wake behaviors of human infants, but who was unfamiliar with these behaviors in nonhuman species, scored the analog ... | 1981 | 7304774 |
| a quantitative description of equilibrium and homeostatic thickness regulation in the in vivo cornea. ii. variations from the normal state. | the description of corneal mechanics and transport developed in part i and used there to describe normal corneal behavior is here applied to corneas whose properties or boundary conditions are abnormal. the predicted effects of changing intraocular pressure, aqueous concentration, and tear tonicity are examined, and these compare favorably with available experimental data. the periodic variation in tear tonicity which accompanies the sleep-wake cycle prevents the cornea from achieving a true ste ... | 1972 | 5029431 |
| [qualitative and quantitative analysis of wake amines and their related compounds by gas chromatography]. | | 1968 | 5691868 |
| effects of theophylline on behavioral state development in the newborn rabbit. | on day 1 of life (day 0 = birth), the sleep-wake behavioral states of rabbits were measured for 2 hr, after which half the animals received 10 mg/kg of theophylline by intubation (n = 16), whereas the remainder received normal saline (n = 17). behavioral states were then measured on days 2, 3, 5, 7, 15, 20, 30 and 40. theophylline sharply reduced active sleep starting on day 2 and continuing through day 20. the development of quiet sleep was delayed for 10 days in the drug-treated group. paralle ... | 1982 | 7086675 |
| inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis inhibits rat sleep. | previous findings indicate that nitric oxide (no) may play a role in the regulation of sleep-wake activity. in rabbits, blocking the production of endogenous no by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, n omega-nitro-l-arginine (l-name) suppresses spontaneous sleep and interferes the somnogenic actions of interleukin 1. in the present experiments we extended our earlier work by studying the long-term effects of l-name treatment on sleep-wake activity including power spectra analyses of the electroen ... | 1994 | 7534601 |
| anti-interleukin-1 beta reduces sleep and sleep rebound after sleep deprivation in rats. | interleukin-1 (il-1) is somnogenic and is hypothesized to be involved in physiological sleep regulation. antibodies directed against rat il-1 beta were used to further elucidate possible contributions of il-1 to sleep regulation. rabbit anti-rat il-1 beta (anti-il-1 beta) was injected intracerebroventricularly into normal rats 15 min before light onset. a 20-microgram dose of anti-il-1 beta reduced non-rapid-eye-movement (nrem) sleep by 60 min during the subsequent 12-h slight period. there was ... | 1994 | 8160860 |
| quantitative studies of invasion of rabbit ileal mucosa by salmonella typhimurium strains which differ in virulence in a model of gastroenteritis. | an asymmetric organ culture system in which ileal tissues, freshly removed from rabbits, can be maintained structurally and functionally for up to 4 h has been developed. the composition of the solutions used to maintain ileal tissue in vitro were as follows. the serosal surface was bathed in the world health organization (who) rehydration formulation: nacl, 60 mm; nahco3, 30 mm; kcl, 20 mm; and glucose, 111 mm. the mucosal surface was bathed in the same solution with two important changes: all ... | 1994 | 8300215 |
| involvement of prolactin in the rem sleep-promoting activity of systemic vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip). | the involvement of pituitary prolactin (prl) in systemic vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip)-induced sleep was studied. male rats were implanted with electrodes for eeg-recording, with brain thermistors to record cortical temperature (tcrt) and with chronic intracardial catheters to obtain blood samples and to deliver substances. one group of rats (n = 8) received normal rabbit serum (ns)+physiological saline (sal) on the baseline day and was injected with ns+vip on the experimental day. in the ... | 1994 | 8062077 |
| developmental characteristics in the daily rhythm of norepinephrine concentration within rabbit brainstem regions. | to examine the development of daily variations in norepinephrine levels, norepinephrine concentrations were measured within five distinct brainstem regions in 3-day-old, 21-day-old, and adult rabbits at 6-h intervals throughout the day. norepinephrine was measured by radioenzymatic assay, and norepinephrine concentration was expressed relative to wet tissue weight. the data suggest that daily variations for norepinephrine concentrations are established by the third day of life. in the brainstem ... | 1996 | 8713740 |
| effects of a newly developed transdermal clonidine delivery system (m-5041t) on eeg sleep-wake cycle in relation to plasma concentration in rabbits. | 1. the effects of a transdermal clonidine delivery system (m-5041t) on eeg sleep pattern with relation to plasma concentrations in unrestrained rabbits were investigated and compared with those of intravenous (i.v.) administration of clonidine. 2. although m-5041t did not affect the eeg recorded from cortex and hippocampus at doses up to 2.5 mg/kg, slow theta waves in hippocampal eeg accompanied by low-voltage slow waves in cortex were induced at a higher dose of 12.5 mg/kg. on i.v. injection (0 ... | 1996 | 8742497 |
| antiserum to growth hormone decreases sleep in the rat. | to determine whether an acute withdrawal of growth hormone (gh) alters sleep, the effects of antiserum to gh (gh-as) on sleep were studied in the rat. sleep-wake activity and cortical brain temperature (tc) were recorded for 2 days after systemic injection of physiological saline. then, one group of rats (n = 6) received gh-as whereas another group of rats was injected with normal rabbit serum (n = 6). the injections were given 1 h before light onset, and the rats' behaviors were recorded for 23 ... | 1997 | 9258914 |
| albumin enhances sleep in the young rat. | rats 4 to 7 days after weaning received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of vehicle (baseline day), and either serum (2 ml of lyophilized rabbit serum), 140 mg of rat albumin, or hyperosmotic nacl (experimental day). injections were given 1 h before light onset. sleep-wake activity and cortical brain temperature were recorded during the subsequent 12-h light period. the intensity of non-rapid eye movement sleep (nrems) was characterized by the power density values of the electroencephalogram sl ... | 1998 | 9748091 |
| insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1)-induced inhibition of growth hormone secretion is associated with sleep suppression. | the hypothalamic growth hormone (gh)-releasing hormone (ghrh) promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep (nrems). insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1) acts as a negative feedback in the somatotropic axis inhibiting ghrh and stimulating somatostatin. to determine whether this feedback alters sleep, rats and rabbits were injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with igf-1 (5.0 and 0.25 microgram, respectively) and the sleep-wake activity was studied. compared to baseline (i.c.v. injection of physiol ... | 1999 | 10082812 |
| a comparative study of quiet sleep, active sleep, and waking on the first 2 days of life. | direct behavioral observation and motility monitoring procedures provide reliable data, and both are appropriate for sleep/wake state measurements starting immediately after birth. using these procedures, newborn rats, rabbits, and humans were found to have a greater amount of quiet sleep on the day of birth rather than 24 hr later. changes in active sleep and wake were inconsistent across the 2 days. the quiet sleep findings are contrary to the developmental course which increases with age. the ... | 1999 | 10397895 |
| comparative study of the invasiveness of salmonella serotypes typhimurium, choleraesuis and dublin for caco-2 cells, hep-2 cells and rabbit ileal epithelia. | patterns of invasiveness of salmonella serotypes typhimurium, choleraesuis and dublin in caco-2 cells (without centrifugation) were compared with previously published studies of the rabbit ileal invasion assay (riia) and (where relevant) a hep-2 cell invasion assay. optimal conditions for the use of caco-2 cell monolayers in bacterial invasion assays were defined. centrifuge-assisted attachment of bacteria to cells was not used routinely as this increased the invasiveness of known hypo-invasive ... | 2000 | 10847203 |
| the suprachiasmatic nucleus projects to posterior hypothalamic arousal systems. | the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) temporally organizes behavior in part by sustaining arousal during the wake period of the sleep/wake cycle to consolidate adaptive waking behavior. in this study, we demonstrate direct projections from the scn, in both the rat and the human brains, to perikarya and proximal dendrites of two groups of posterior hypothalamic neurons with axonal projections that suggest they are important in the regulation of arousal, one producing hypocretins (hct) and the other m ... | 2001 | 11209963 |
| a wake-up call from the thalamus. | | 2001 | 11276218 |
| effects of halothane, pentobarbital and ketamine on serum melatonin levels in the early scotophase in new zealand white rabbits. | in mammals, the nocturnal rise in pineal melatonin is regulated by signals from the endogenous clock, the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei. there have been few reports on whether anaesthetics which modulate multisynaptic neuronal functions affect melatonin secretion. we studied the effects of three commonly used anaesthetics, halothane, pentobarbital and ketamine, on serum melatonin levels in male new zealand white rabbits. seven blood samples were collected, 30-60 min apart, before, during a ... | 2001 | 11490096 |
| [hypnogenic properties of dsip peptide analogs: structural-functional relationship]. | the sleep-inducing activity of delta sleep-inducing peptide (dsip) and its 13 synthetic analogs has been studied on rabbits with preliminary implanted electrodes. the peptides were injected into the lateral ventricle of cerebrum. polygraphic computer monitoring of sleep-wake states was carried out at daytime for 7-12 h. dsip and most analogs had no statistically significant effect on sleep compared to the control administration of saline to the same animals. [nmeala2]dsip and [pro2]dsip had a pr ... | 2001 | 11525128 |
| orexin receptor-1 (ox-r1) immunoreactivity in chemically identified neurons of the hypothalamus: focus on orexin targets involved in control of food and water intake. | the neuropeptides orexin-a and orexin-b are produced in neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area and have been implicated to be involved in the regulation of food/water intake and sleep-wake control. the orexins act at two different g-protein-coupled orexin receptors (ox-r1 and ox-r2) that are derived from separate genes and expressed differentially throughout the central nervous system. in the present study, we have used a polyclonal antipeptide antiserum to analyse in detail the distribution o ... | 2002 | 11849298 |
| systemic hemodynamic changes raising brain temperature in rem sleep. | the present research studied the mechanisms underlying the increase in brain temperature during rem sleep in the unrestrained rabbit carrying chronically implanted electrodes, thermistors and common carotid artery occluders. during the ultradian wake-sleep cycle at constant ambient temperature (25+/-2 degrees c), we recorded: (i) the ear pinna temperature as an indirect indicator of blood flow affecting heat loss from the systemic heat exchangers of the head, (ii) the temperature of the pons and ... | 2002 | 12020875 |
| mario gozzano: the work of an eeg pioneer. | the study of the early history of electroencephalography can yield fascinating insights and surprises. a revisit to the work of mario gozzano (1898-1986) has proved to be particularly stimulating. his eeg study of 1935 is a classic and should be resurrected from the graveyard of history. gozzano was an eminent clinical neurologist-epileptologist and chairman of the neurological-psychiatric university departments in cagliari, pisa, bologna and, from 1951 to his retirement, in rome. he quickly rec ... | 2002 | 12449845 |
| [the role of brinzolamide 1% ophtalmic suspension in corneal edema]. | purpose: the study is aimed at assessing the efficacy and safety of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (iac--i.e. ophthalmic suspension of brinzolamide 1%--azopt) in the treatment of corneal edema. method: for this purpose, we carried out an experimental, epidemiological-operational, randomised, placebo-controlled and double blind study, on three groups of laboratory animals (rabbits): group 1 (5 rabbits) included endothelial corneal injuries inflicted by ultrasound exposure by means of a phac ... | 2002 | 12723185 |
| simultaneous studies of blood sugar, behavioural changes and eeg on the wake rabbit after administration of psilocybin. | | 1963 | 14067558 |
| the effect of mescaline on blood sugar, serotonin metabolism, electrical activity of the brain, light stimuli reaction and behavioural pattern in the wake rabbit. | | 1963 | 14099598 |
| spatiotemporal dynamics of damped propagation in excitable cardiac tissue. | compared to steadily propagating waves (spw), damped waves (dw), another solution to the nonlinear wave equation, are seldom studied. in cardiac tissue after electrical stimulation in an spw wake, we observe dw with diminished amplitude and velocity that either gradually decrease as the dw dies, or exhibit a sharp amplitude increase after a delay to become an spw. the cardiac dw-spw transition is a key link in understanding defibrillation and stimulation close to the refractory period, and is id ... | 2003 | 14683402 |
| reverberation, storage, and postsynaptic propagation of memories during sleep. | in mammals and birds, long episodes of nondreaming sleep ("slow-wave" sleep, sw) are followed by short episodes of dreaming sleep ("rapid-eye-movement" sleep, rem). both sw and rem sleep have been shown to be important for the consolidation of newly acquired memories, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. here we review electrophysiological and molecular data suggesting that sw and rem sleep play distinct and complementary roles on memory consolidation: while postacquisition neuronal rev ... | 2004 | 15576886 |
| repeated measurements of transfer factor in rabbits: an animal model suitable for evaluation of short-term exposure. | acute temporary changes in lung function may be of use as a biological exposure indicator. however, studies of humans occupationally exposed to complex airborne irritants are often expensive and time demanding. therefore, an animal model could be a valuable complement. a rabbit model has been evaluated where transfer factor was measured twice during the same day, and with the rabbit awake and available for exposure, in between. anaesthesia and intubation in 22 rabbits (2.6 [0.2] kg [mean (sd)]) ... | 1994 | 8149710 |
| host-feeding patterns of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in relation to availability of human and domestic animals in suburban landscapes of central north carolina. | aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) is a major nuisance mosquito and a potential arbovirus vector. the host-feeding patterns of ae. albopictus were investigated during the 2002 and 2003 mosquito seasons in suburban neighborhoods in wake county, raleigh, nc. hosts of blood-fed ae. albopictus (n = 1,094) were identified with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, by using antisera made in new zealand white rabbits to the sera of animals that would commonly occur in peridomestic h ... | 2006 | 16739414 |
| animal models of human placentation--a review. | this review examines the strengths and weaknesses of animal models of human placentation and pays particular attention to the mouse and non-human primates. analogies can be drawn between mouse and human in placental cell types and genes controlling placental development. there are, however, substantive differences, including a different mode of implantation, a prominent yolk sac placenta, and fewer placental hormones in the mouse. crucially, trophoblast invasion is very limited in the mouse and ... | 2007 | 17196252 |
| extra-auditory effects of noise in laboratory animals: the relationship between noise and sleep. | noise has both auditory and extra-auditory effects. some of the most deleterious extra-auditory effects of noise are those leading to sleep disturbances. these disturbances seem to be related to both endogenous (physical parameters) and exogenous (sex, age) factors of noise. despite correlative relations between noise level and awakenings, the scientific community has not reached consensus regarding a specific action of these factors on the different sleep stages. in animal research, 2 complemen ... | 2007 | 17203914 |
| neuroscience: the molecular wake-up call. | | 2007 | 17522649 |
| cathodal stimulation in the recovery phase of a propagating planar wave in the rabbit heart reveals four stimulation mechanisms. | the stimulation of cardiac tissue in the recovery phase has significant importance in relation to reentry induction. in the theoretical experiment proposed by winfree, termed the 'pinwheel' experiment, a point stimulus (s2) is applied in the wake of a freely propagating planar wave (s1). reentry induced from this s1-s2 pinwheel protocol has been observed experimentally in heart preparations. however, in these experiments, which focused on activation outcomes, only mapping of extracellular voltag ... | 2007 | 17569727 |
| bv8/prokineticin proteins and their receptors. | the bv8/prokineticins (pks) are a new family of peptides identified in frog, fish, reptiles and mammals that signal through two highly homologous g-protein coupled receptors, pkr1 and pkr2. bv8/pk proteins possess a unique structural motif comprising five disulfide bonds and a completely conserved n-terminal hexapeptide sequence that is essential for the peptide's biological activities. over the past few years, several biological functions of bv8/pk proteins have been elucidated. this review con ... | 2007 | 17881008 |
| carotid blood flow during rem sleep. | the present study was aimed at directly appraising, in the rabbit, the decrease in common carotid blood flow, the occurrence of which during rem sleep was indirectly suggested by previous studies of preoptic-hypothalamic temperature changes during sleep. | 2008 | 18517039 |
| history of migraine with aura and cortical spreading depression from 1941 and onwards. | several personal descriptions of migraine with aura from 1870 onwards reported a slow, gradual progression of symptoms. lashley in 1941 meticulously chartered his own auras and concluded that the symptomatology reflected a cortical process progressing with a speed of 3 mm/min across the primary visual cortex. leão described cortical spreading depression (csd) in rabbits in 1944 and noticed its similarity to the migraine aura. despite these scattered pieces of evidence, the prevailing theory was ... | 2010 | 19740119 |
| reliability and validity of computer scoring of behavioral sleep-wake states in rats and rabbits. | previous studies in human infants, rabbits, and rats have shown that states of sleep and wakefulness can be reliably identified from motility signals produced by respiration and body movement. thoman has described a computer-scoring algorithm for automated scoring of behavioral states from motility signals in human infants. in the present studies, we report the use of the computer scoring program with motility signals obtained from electronic activity monitors. in the newborn rabbit, computer cl ... | 1993 | 8372120 |
| pancreas transplantation: lessons learned from a decade of experience at wake forest baptist medical center. | this article reviews the outcome of pancreas transplantations in diabetic recipients according to risk factors, surgical techniques, and immunosuppression management that evolved over the course of a decade at wake forest baptist medical center. a randomized trial of alemtuzumab versus rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ratg) induction in simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation (skpt) at our institution demonstrated lower rates of acute rejection and infection in the alemtuzumab group. consequ ... | 2011 | 21720669 |
| interleukin-1 is involved in responses to sleep deprivation in the rabbit. | interleukin-1 (il-1) is hypothesized to be involved in sleep regulation. antibodies directed against interleukin-1 beta (anti-il-1 beta) were injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) into normal rabbits to determine the effects of the reduction of endogenous il-1 beta on spontaneous sleep/wake behavior. a 100 micrograms dose of anti-il-1 beta reduced non-rapid eye movements sleep (nrems) by about 20-min during the first 4-h postinjection without affecting rems, amplitudes of electroencephalograp ... | 1994 | 8180839 |
| ndn, volume transmission, and self-organization in brain dynamics. | fields of neural activity are seen in synchronized oscillations that are detected at mesoscopic scales in syntheses of multicellular recordings of action potentials and electroencephalograms (eegs) over broad areas of cerebral cortex. the waves often have large-scale, highly textured spatial patterns of cortical activity, formed in the context of associative learning under classical and operant conditioning in rabbits. the patterns show spatial amplitude modulation of shared oscillations of carr ... | 2005 | 16385637 |
| methods for neural ensemble recordings | electrical activity is essential for neuronal communication. over the years, in vivo multielectrode recordings have revealed that the electrical activities of individual neurons are not independent of each other. instead, neurons tend to fire in a coordinated way within a given neural network. when measured as the electroencephalogram (eeg) or local field potential (lfp) signals, this neural coordination results in complex oscillatory activity patterns, which reflect synchronous synaptic potenti ... | 2008 | 21204450 |