| procedures for large-scale antiserum production in sheep. | the increased cost of maintaining and purchasing small laboratory animals used in the production of large quantities of antiserum resulted in a search for a more suitable animal. this paper describes the procedures used to raise antisera in scottish mountain sheep. | 1975 | 807656 |
| observations on the seasonal incidence of myxomatosis and its interactions with helminth parasites in the european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus). | european rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) were collected monthly over a 10-yr period and the incidence of myxomatosis and the size of helminth populations were recorded. myxomatosis occurred annually, always as an epidemic in the latter half of the year and was associated with both an increase in the percentage of animals infected and the size of the infections of the nematodes trichostrongylus retortaeformis and passalurus ambiguus and the cestode mosgovoyia pectinata. it is suggested that myxom ... | 1988 | 3411700 |
| the occurrence and abundance of helminth parasites of the mountain hare lepus timidus (l.) and the wild rabbit oryctolagus cuniculus (l.) in aberdeenshire, scotland. | mountain hares were collected each month between april 1984 and march 1985 and their intestines examined for helminths. 26 rabbits were also collected between july and december 1984 and examined for gastro-intestinal helminths. three nematode and two cestode species were found in the hares while only two nematode and one cestode species were found in the rabbits. trichostrongylus retortaeformis was recorded from 88% of the 193 hares and 92% of the rabbits while comparable figures for passalurus ... | 1986 | 3734402 |
| the incidence of helminth parasites from the wild rabbit oryctolagus cuniculus (l.) in eastern scotland. | samples of wild rabbits were collected each month over the six-year period 1977-82 and their intestines and abdomens examined for helminths. three species of nematode, four of cestode and one trematode were found. graphidium strigosum was recorded in 33% of the 786 rabbits, trichostrongylus retortaeformis in 79%, passalurus ambiguus in 14.2%, cittotaenia pectinata in 37%, c. denticulata in 11%, coenurus pisiformis in 3%, cysticercus serialis in 0.1% and fasciola hepatica in 0.1%. g. strigosum an ... | 1985 | 3989265 |
| involved with hormones. | | 1970 | 4318966 |
| avian tuberculosis. | | 1968 | 4884700 |
| the epidemiology of louping ill in ayrshire, scotland. ii. ectoparasites of small mammals (ixodidae). | | 1971 | 5163209 |
| a serological survey of encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in the wild rabbit in england and scotland. | sera from 175 wild rabbits trapped in england or scotland over the past two years were tested for antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi. no sera were positive, suggesting that this common laboratory rabbit pathogen is rare in wild rabbits in these areas. | 1980 | 7414097 |
| a harebrained scheme. experimental rabbit-killing virus runs amok in australia. | | 1996 | 8560211 |
| rabbit haemorrhagic disease in scotland. | | 1995 | 8588282 |
| paratuberculosis in wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) | a survey of wild rabbits in tayside, scotland revealed that 67 per cent were infected with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. in general, the infected rabbits had histopathological changes within the lymph nodes and intestines which were consistent with the changes due to paratuberculosis in ruminants. the survey raises the possibility that rabbits and other wildlife may be involved in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis, a possibility which has important implications for the cont ... | 1997 | 9050174 |
| natural prevalence of infection with ehrlichia (cytoecetes) phagocytophila of ixodes ricinus ticks in scotland. | ixodes ricinus nymphs and adults were collected from vegetation and from sheep at four sites in scotland typical of areas endemic for tick-borne fever in sheep caused by infection with ehrlichia (cytoecetes) phagocytophila (rickettsiales). the great majority of ticks examined was from woodland sites adjacent to sheep farms where there was a high probability of them feeding on roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in a non-domestic focus of infestation and infection. ticks were examined for infection by ... | 1998 | 9760062 |
| epidemiological study of paratuberculosis in wild rabbits in scotland. | a survey of 22 farms confirmed the presence of paratuberculosis in wild rabbits in scotland. regional differences were apparent in the prevalence of the disease in rabbits, with a significantly higher incidence occurring in the tayside region. statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between a previous history or current problem of paratuberculosis in cattle and the presence of paratuberculosis in rabbits on the farms. molecular genetic typing techniques could not discriminate betw ... | 1999 | 10325318 |
| verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli: a veterinary view. | this overview places verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) in perspective with other e. coli types that cause disease in animals. vtec o157 and other verocytotoxin-producing serotypes cause severe disease in man but to date, although other vtec are found in animals, zoonosis appears to be associated with e. coli o157 only. the epidemiology of e. coli o157 in cattle has been studied in scotland, and this work is described alongside current knowledge. | 2000 | 10880177 |
| role of small mammals in the persistence of louping-ill virus: field survey and tick co-feeding studies. | louping-ill (li) is a tick-borne viral disease of red grouse, lagopus lagopus scoticus lath. (tetraonidae: galliformes), and sheep, ovis aries l. (bovidae: artiodactyla), that causes economic loss to upland farms and sporting estates. unvaccinated sheep, grouse and mountain hares, lepus timidus l. (leporidae: lagomorpha), are known to transmit li virus, whereas red deer, cenrus elaphus l. (cervidae: artiodactyla), and rabbits, oryctolagus cuniculus l. (leporidae: lagomorpha), do not. however, th ... | 2000 | 11016435 |
| ribotyping and restriction endonuclease analysis reveal a novel clone of bordetella bronchiseptica in seals. | the goal of the present study was to characterize, by ribotyping and restriction endonuclease analysis (rea), 35 phocine bordetella bronchiseptica isolates and to ascertain their relationship to one another and to isolates acquired from other host species. thirty-four isolates were obtained in scotland during a 10-year period encompassing the 1988 epizootic; the remaining isolate was obtained independently in denmark. all phocine isolates had an identical pvu ii ribotype unique from the 18 ribot ... | 2000 | 11108453 |
| paratuberculosis infection of nonruminant wildlife in scotland. | recent reports of natural paratuberculosis (or johne's disease) in rabbits, foxes, and stoats has focused debate on the presence and importance of wildlife reservoirs in the epidemiology of this disease. this paper describes an extensive study investigating 18 nonruminant wildlife species for evidence of paratuberculosis. using both culture and histopathological analysis, fox, stoat, weasel, crow, rook, jackdaw, rat, wood mouse, hare, and badger were found to harbor mycobacterium avium subsp. pa ... | 2001 | 11283080 |
| natural paratuberculosis infection in rabbits in scotland. | natural paratuberculosis infection of rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) was recently diagnosed in scotland, and an investigation into the pathology of the disease in wild rabbits is reported in this paper. evidence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m.a. paratuberculosis) infection was detected in 22% of 110 rabbits; the organism was cultured from 17 of 110 rabbits, and histopathological lesions consistent with m.a. paratuberculosis infection were noted in 18 of 98 rabbits examined. n ... | 2001 | 11437505 |
| risk factors for johne's disease in scotland--the results of a survey of farmers. | the reported incidence of johne's disease has been increasing in the east of scotland since 1993. a postal questionnaire survey was sent to 127 farms to identify potential risk factors for johne's disease in relation to wildlife and farm management practices, and 86 returns were obtained. of 22 farms which had been assumed to be free of the disease, on the basis of information held by local veterinary centres, seven (32 per cent) reported cases of johne's disease in the 1990s, indicating that th ... | 2002 | 11871666 |
| do non-ruminant wildlife pose a risk of paratuberculosis to domestic livestock and vice versa in scotland? | paratuberculosis (johne's disease) was long considered only a disease of ruminants. recently non-ruminant wildlife species have been shown to harbor mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative organism of paratuberculosis. we review the known non-ruminant wildlife host range of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and consider their role in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis in domestic ruminant livestock. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has been isolated from lagomorph, ... | 2003 | 12685064 |
| the potential role of wild rabbits oryctolagus cuniculus in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, the organism responsible for paratuberculosis in cattle and sheep has been found in wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) in the east of scotland. few studies have investigated either the level of faecal contamination by rabbits on farms, or the potential infectivity of rabbit excreta. the rate of rabbit faecal contamination deposited and the numbers encountered were estimated for 21 fields on 4 farms with a paratuberculosis problem. 7357 +/- 2571 ... | 2003 | 12825741 |
| competition and mutualism among the gut helminths of a mammalian host. | most animal species are infected with multiple parasite species; however, the role of interspecific parasite interactions in influencing parasite dynamics and shaping parasite communities has been unclear. although laboratory studies have found evidence of cross-immunity, immunosuppression and competition, analyses of hosts in the field have generally concluded that parasite communities are little more than random assemblages. here we present evidence of consistent interspecific interactions in ... | 2004 | 15103373 |
| parasite-mediated reduction in fecundity of mountain hares. | mountain hare populations in scotland exhibit regular 10 year fluctuations in abundance. simple models of host-parasite population dynamics suggest that parasite-mediated reductions in host fecundity can cause a transition from stable to cyclic host population dynamics. we tested the hypothesis that parasites reduce hare fecundity by experimentally reducing parasite burdens and recording female survival, body condition and fecundity. we captured 41 adult female hares in october 2002; 22 were tre ... | 2004 | 15801590 |
| peak shift and epidemiology in a seasonal host-nematode system. | insight into the dynamics of parasite-host relationships of higher vertebrates requires an understanding of two important features: the nature of transmission and the development of acquired immunity in the host. a dominant hypothesis proposes that acquired immunity develops with the cumulative exposure to infection, and consequently predicts a negative relationship between peak intensity of infection and host age at this peak. although previous studies have found evidence to support this hypoth ... | 2005 | 16024378 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi in domestic rabbits in the united kingdom. | serum samples from 97 clinically healthy domestic rabbits were tested for antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi by an indirect elisa technique. fifty (52 per cent) of them were seropositive. the samples were taken as part of a routine health screen or before general anaesthesia at 22 veterinary practices in england, scotland and wales, and the veterinary surgeons were asked to complete a questionnaire to provide information concerning the animal's husbandry, diet, vaccination, health status and ... | 2006 | 16632526 |
| seasonality, cohort-dependence and the development of immunity in a natural host-nematode system. | acquired immunity is known to be a key modulator of the dynamics of many helminth parasites in domestic and human host populations, but its relative importance in natural populations is more controversial. a detailed long-term dataset on the gastrointestinal nematode trichostrongylus retortaeformis in a wild population of european rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) shows clear evidence of seasonal acquired immunity in the age-structured infection profiles. by fitting a hierarchy of demographic infe ... | 2008 | 18077257 |
| unusual cases of illthrift associated with pge in scottish cattle. | | 2009 | 19429934 |
| co-circulation of widely disparate strains of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus could explain localised epidemicity in the united kingdom. | serum and liver samples collected monthly, during 2005, from healthy wild rabbits at a site in pitroddie, scotland, were analysed by elisa and rt-pcr sequencing. sera collected in january and february had high antibody titres against rhdv. however, during the rabbit breeding season average antibody titres were lower but increased again as the year progressed. between march and august, rhdv-specific rna was detected in healthy rabbits spanning a wide range of age and antibody titres. importantly, ... | 2009 | 19692104 |
| toxoplasma gondii coinfection with diseases and parasites in wild rabbits in scotland. | in wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) on an estate in perthshire, central scotland, the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii was 18/548 (3·3%). the wild rabbit could be a t. gondii reservoir and it has potential value as a sentinel of t. gondii in environmental substrates. toxoplasma gondii was associated with female sex (p < 0·001) and with relatively heavy infections by eimeria stiedae (p = 0·036). it was not associated with the intensity of coccidial oocysts, the severity of myxomatosis caus ... | 2015 | 26144268 |
| high prevalence of paratuberculosis in rabbits is associated with difficulties in controlling the disease in cattle. | there is increasing evidence that the european wild rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) is a wildlife reservoir for paratuberculosis and infected populations may contribute to the persistence of infection in livestock. the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that farms with difficulties controlling paratuberculosis in their cattle herds have a higher prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection in their rabbit populations. a total of 281 rabbits from 13 beef farm ... | 2013 | 24075203 |