| clostridium difficile in dutch animals: their presence, characteristics and similarities with human isolates. | clin microbiol infect abstract: the presence and characteristics of clostridium difficile were investigated in 839 faecal samples from seven different animal species in the netherlands. the number of positive samples ranged from 3.4% (cattle) to 25.0% (dogs). twenty-two different pcr ribotypes were identified. among 96 isolates, 53% harboured toxin genes. all c. difficile isolates from pigs, cattle and poultry were toxinogenic, whereas the majority of isolates from pet animals consisted of non-t ... | 2011 | 21919997 |