| present status of trichinellosis in japan. | there have been three mass outbreaks of human trichinellosis in japan. the first was in 1974 in iwasaki, aomori prefecture, involving a group of hunters who ate raw meat of a black bear they had shot. of the 20 people who ate the bear meat raw, 15 showed clinical symptoms of trichinellosis. the second outbreak was experienced in sapporo, hokkaido, in 1980. the patients had eaten the raw meat of a brown bear served in a local restaurant. twelve people were diagnosed positive on the basis of clini ... | 1991 | 1822910 |
| studies on distribution of leptospires among dogs in hokkaido. | | 1963 | 5896527 |
| application of dna fingerprinting in the hokkaido brown bear (ursus arctos yesoensis). | dna fingerprinting employing a minisatellite myo probe was used for individual identification and paternity determination in hokkaido brown bears (ursus arctos yesoensis). we used two restriction enzymes, hinfi and haeiii to make dna fingerprints. band patterns obtained from randomly selected bears were compared with each other, and the probability x that fragment in an individual was also present in the other was 0.69 for hinfi and 0.83 for haeiii. the value for hinfi (0.69) was similar to that ... | 1994 | 7865589 |
| canine lyme disease: clinical and serological evaluations in 21 dogs in japan. | of 21 dogs from sapporo, hokkaido that had been recognised as having been bitten by ticks, 16 were seropositive to borrelia burgdorferi by elisa. thirteen of the seropositive dogs showed signs such as fever, astasia, convulsions, anorexia, fatigue, abnormal gait, nervous signs, diarrhoea, corneal opacity and conjunctivitis. these signs subsided as a result of antibiotic treatment within five days. the plasma concentrations of creatinine in the 21 dogs were higher than in control dogs. seven tick ... | 1994 | 8009799 |
| serological evidence of coxiella burnetii infection in wild animals in japan. | one hundred and thirty-four (26%) of 511 sera from 11 wild animal species in eight prefectures in japan had antibody titers to coxiella burnetii by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. high prevalences were observed in japanese black bears (ursus thibetanus) (78%), hokkaido deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) (69%), japanese hares (lepus brachyurus) (63%), japanese deer (cervus nippon centralis) (56%), and to some extent in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) (28%). a low prevalence (13%) was observe ... | 1993 | 8355353 |
| epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis in japan. | a tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) patient has not been reported for many years in japan although a serological survey of domestic animal sera suggested the presence of tbe foci in hokkaido, the northern island of japan. in october 1993 in hokkaido, a severe encephalitis case in a farm wife was diagnosed as tick-borne encephalitis. serological examination of paired sera showed a rise of neutralization (nt) antibody titer to russian spring summer encephalitis virus. a sero-epizootiological survey of ... | 1998 | 9611678 |
| babesia microti-like parasites detected in feral raccoons (procyon lotor) captured in hokkaido, japan. | raccoons (procyon lotor), which have recently become feral in japan, were examined for the presence of babesia microti-like parasites. out of 372 raccoons captured in the west-central part of hokkaido, 24 animals with splenomegaly were selected and tested by nested pcr targeting the babesial 18s rrna gene. b. microti-like parasites were detected in two of the 24 individuals, and their dna sequences were identical to that of the b. microti-like parasite reported from raccoons in the united states ... | 2005 | 16141672 |
| microsatellite polymorphism in japanese mongrel dogs. | the genetic variability of 182 unrelated mongrel dogs living in various areas of japan (from hokkaido to okinawa) was studied by collecting their blood. ten microsatellite loci were chosen from different autosomal chromosomes. after combining a few rare adjoining alleles to allelic classes, it was confirmed that the hardy-weinberg equilibrium was attained in each locus. the polymorphic information contents (pics) of the loci, ren37a11, ren48e01, ahtk253, zubeca30, ren277k09, ren42n13, aht130, pe ... | 2005 | 16276064 |
| detection of rickettsial dna in ixodid ticks recovered from dogs and cats in japan. | dna from ticks recovered from 1137 dogs and 133 cats from all over japan were examined for rickettsia infection by citrate synthase gene (glta)-based pcr and partial nucleotide sequencing. a total of 91 dog tick samples and 18 cat tick samples showed a single band of the appropriate size in the nested pcr. sequence analysis was successfully performed on 102 samples. dna of rickettsia japonica or closely related rickettsia spp. strains were detected from 38 ticks in 16 prefectures mainly in weste ... | 2005 | 16397379 |
| detection of borrelia garinii, borrelia tanukii and borrelia sp. closely related to borrelia valaisiana in ixodes ticks removed from dogs and cats in japan. | ticks removed from 1136 dogs and 134 cats all over japan were examined for borrelia infection by pcr and sequencing. the 5s-23s rdna intergenic spacer of borrelia was detected from two ixodes persulcatus ticks from two dogs and two unidentified ixodes spp. from another two dogs in hokkaido, and two ixodes granulatus ticks from two cats in okinawa. additional 2 i. granulatus from the same cats also showed positive. sequence analysis of the pcr products revealed that the one from hokkaido was simi ... | 2007 | 17049744 |
| epidemiology, histopathology, and muscle distribution of trichinella t9 in feral raccoons (procyon lotor) and wildlife of japan. | the prevalences of trichinella t9 in trapped raccoons (procyon lotor) and several other potential mammalian reservoirs in hokkaido, wakayama, and nagasaki prefectures were investigated. muscle samples were collected from 2003 to 2006 from 1,080 raccoons, 113 raccoon dogs including 2 species (nyctereutes procyonoides albus and n. p. viverrinus), 41 wild boars (sus scrofa leucomystax), 14 martens (martes melampus), 10 badgers (meles meles), 5 siberian weasels (martes sibirica coreana), 7 mink (mus ... | 2007 | 17310398 |
| towards the control of echinococcus multilocularis in the definitive host in japan. | echinococcus multilocularis is distributed all over hokkaido, the northern island of japan. the prevalence in foxes has been around 40% in the last decade. three trials of anthelmintic bait distribution have been conducted in hokkaido to reduce the prevalence in foxes. in those trials, bait distribution was done along roads in the study area using cars and/or around fox breeding dens by hand. changes in the prevalence in foxes were evaluated either by necropsy of captured foxes or by coproantige ... | 2006 | 16356762 |
| prevention of alveolar echinococcosis--ecosystem and risk management perspectives in japan. | we focused on the epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis especially in japan and discussed control measures to prevent an epidemic. no effective control measures against alveolar echinococcosis have been identified thus far because it is difficult to fully understand the ecology of the parasite and its hosts, i.e. the precise infection route to humans. in hokkaido, japan, infection rates among red foxes have recently risen even in low endemic districts. infection seems to be spreading not only ... | 2003 | 14636980 |
| serological survey of neospora caninum infection among dogs in japan through species-specific elisa. | a seroepidemiological survey of neospora caninum infection among dogs in japan was conducted using species-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant surface antigen (nc-sag1t). among 1,206 dogs examined, 126 dogs (10.4%) from 30 prefectures from hokkaido to okinawa were positive to n. caninum infections, which were more frequently detected in females than males. siberian huskies showed the highest positive rate compared with the other breeds. dogs with pyometra and diabetes mel ... | 2008 | 18772569 |
| [possibility of invasion of echinococcus into honshu with pet dogs from hokkaido and overseas]. | the number of pet dogs moving with their owners to honshu, the main island of japan, from hokkaido, and the number of dogs imported from overseas were examined, and the possibility of invasion of echinococcus multilocularis and e. granulosus with these dogs was discussed. | 2003 | 12934520 |
| prevalence and intensity of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes schrencki) and raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides albus) in otaru city, hokkaido, japan. | a survey was done in an attempt to investigate the epidemiological status of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes and raccoon dogs in otaru city from june to september 1999. sixty-seven red foxes (vulpes vulpes schrencki) and 13 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides albus) were captured, and postmortem examinations were conducted with them. thirty-eight red foxes (56.7%) and 3 raccoon dogs (23.1%) were found to be infected with e. multilocularis. the total biomass of e. multilocularis in al ... | 2002 | 11949476 |
| [how can we prevent alveolar echinococcosis? ecosystem and risk management viewpoints]. | this article focuses on understanding epidemiological features of alveolar echinococcosis and discussing its prevention and control, especially from a viewpoint of the ecosystem and risk management. | 2002 | 11868346 |
| genetic variability in east asian dogs using microsatellite loci analysis. | an analysis of eight microsatellite loci in 213 animals was performed to define the genetic structure and variability of 11 east asian native dog populations. allele diversity, observed heterozygosities, expected heterozygosities, f-statistics, g(st) estimates, number of migrants per generation (nm), and nei's da distance were calculated. expected mean heterozygosities of asian native dogs varied within a range of 0.310-0.718 with a mean value of 0.580. in a sample of 11 asian dogs, the highest ... | 2001 | 11773246 |
| detection of antibodies against japanese encephalitis virus in raccoons, raccoon dogs and wild boars in japan. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infects numerous animal species including humans, horses and pigs. in this study, antibodies against jev in feral raccoons (procyon lotor), wild boars (sus scrofa) and raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) in japan were examined. the results showed that 40.7% (22 out of 54), 64.5% (40 out of 62), 69.1% (47 out of 68) and 0% (0 out of 20) of raccoons in hyogo, osaka, wakayama and hokkaido, respectively, had virus-neutralizing antibodies against jev. in addition ... | 2009 | 19721354 |
| first report of trichinella nativa in red foxes (vulpes vulpes schrencki) from otaru city, hokkaido, japan. | forty-three red foxes (vulpes vulpes schrencki) and nine raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) were captured in otaru city, hokkaido, japan and examined by muscle digestion for the presence of trichinella sp. larvae. of the foxes, five (11.6%) were positive for larvae of trichinella nativa while none of the raccoon dogs were found to be positive. this finding suggests that the red foxes are important reservoir hosts of sylvatic trichinellosis in otaru, hokkaido. this is the first re ... | 2001 | 11438434 |
| epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) and phylogenetic analysis of tbe viruses in japan and far eastern russia. | in oshima, the southern part of hokkaido, a tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) patient was found in 1993; in addition tbe virus was isolated from the blood samples of sentinel dogs, ticks pools, and rodents spleens in 1995 and 1996 by suckling mice. to identify when these tbe viruses emerged in hokkaido, the times of divergence of tbe virus strains isolated in oshima and far eastern russia were estimated. tbe virus was isolated in khabarovsk in 1998, and the nucleotide sequences of viral envelope pro ... | 2001 | 11326122 |
| [epidemiology of alveolar hydatid disease (ahd) and estimation of infected period of ahd in rebun island, hokkaido]. | an epidemiological study was performed of endemic alveolar hydatid disease (ahd, multilocular echinococcosis), rebun island, hokkaido and the period of ahd infection of patients was estimated. death certificates of the residents of the island were analyzed, and 74 deaths (43 males and 31 females) by ahd were found out of the 3,126 deaths that occurred during the period from 1948 to 1990. the red fox population of the island was estimated on the basis of past researchs. the deaths due to ahd dist ... | 2000 | 10734729 |
| phylogenetic and virulence analysis of tick-borne encephalitis viruses from japan and far-eastern russia. | we have previously reported that tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) is endemic in a specific area of hokkaido, japan. in oshima, the southern part of hokkaido, tbe virus was isolated from sentinel dogs, ticks and rodents in 1995 and 1996. to identify when these tbe viruses emerged in hokkaido, the times of divergence of tbe virus strains isolated in oshima and far-eastern russia were estimated. tbe virus was isolated in khabarovsk in 1998 and the nucleotide sequences of viral envelope protein genes o ... | 1999 | 10567643 |
| the reconsideration of natural history of echinococcosis at rebun island. | it has been believed that the outbreak of echinococcosis at rebun island had ceased by 1970. the first patient was diagnosed in 1936 and 131 patients have been authorized as echinococcosis so far. the conference of measures against the outbreak had been organized in 1948 and started to eradicate echinococcus multilocularis from the island. medical examination to detect the patients and the capture and autopsy of dogs and cats had been carried out hard till 1970. at that time, foxes imported from ... | 1999 | 10386161 |
| a serosurvey of borna disease virus infection in wild rats by a capture elisa. | for a serological diagnostic test for borna disease (bd), we developed a capture elisa with specificity and sensitivity based on detection of antibodies against bd virus (bdv) p40 protein. using our capture elisa system, the antibody response of rats inoculated intracerebrally with bdv at 4 weeks after birth showed a sharp increase from 1 to 4 weeks postinoculation (p.i.) and a steady level after 5 weeks p.i. to investigate prevalence of bdv infection among wild rats, we examined sera of rattus ... | 1999 | 10081747 |
| isolation of tick-borne encephalitis virus from wild rodents and a seroepizootiologic survey in hokkaido, japan. | to determine the vertebrate host of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus in the southern part of hokkaido, japan, virus isolation was performed using spleens from small mammals captured in the area. two virus strains were isolated, one strain from apodemus speciosus and another from clethrionomys rufocanus. virus isolates were inoculated onto baby hamster kidney cell monolayers and antigen slides were prepared for an indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay. two isolates were identified as tbe v ... | 1999 | 10072153 |
| pathogenicity of tick-borne encephalitis virus isolated in hokkaido, japan in mouse model. | the pathogenic characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus strain (oshima 5-10) isolated from a sentinel dog in hokkaido, japan, was compared by use of a mouse model with several inoculation routes to other strains of tbe virus (the far eastern subtype; sofjin strain and the western subtype; hochosterwitz strain) and tbe complex virus (langat virus; tp-21 strain). the degree of neuroinvasiveness of the strains in mice subcutaneously (s.c.) inoculated was sofjin equaled hochosterwitz w ... | 1999 | 10067683 |
| isolation of tick-borne encephalitis virus from ixodes ovatus (acari: ixodidae) in japan. | a case of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) was found in a farming area located in the southern part of hokkaido, japan, in 1993. tbe viruses were isolated from sentinel dogs in the area where the human case occurred in 1995. ticks were collected in the area by 2 collection methods in 1995 and virus isolation was conducted on ticks in 1995 and 1996. ixodes ovatus neumann was found to be the predominant tick species in the area. in 1996, 2 virus strains were isolated from 600 i. ovatus ticks (300 fem ... | 1998 | 9615539 |
| [survey of echinococcosis in hokkaido and measure against it]. | the first patient with echinococcosis who had lived in rebun island was discovered in 1937 at otaru and 134 patients had been identified as rebun cases till 1989. in the meantime, the eradication of echinococcosis succeeded with extermination of dogs and foxes from the island. on the other hand, the first patient of kon-sen cases was found in 1965 and 208 patients have been treated so far. the patients had been restricted within the kon-sen region until 1979, but thereafter the patients have bee ... | 1997 | 9465311 |
| survey of sarcocystis infection in cattle in east hokkaido, japan. | the prevalence of sarcocystis infection was examined in older cows and imported cattle slaughtered in east hokkaido. samples of myocardial tissues were examined for sarcocystis microscopically. sarcocystis cysts were detected in 15.7% of 83 older cows, 48.4% of 91 imported cattle which were kept in east hokkaido prior to slaughter and 51.1% of 94 imported cattle slaughtered immediately after quarantine check. based on the morphology of the cyst wall and the establishment of infection in experime ... | 1994 | 7948391 |
| further studies on the red cell glycolipids of various breeds of dogs. a possible assumption about the origin of japanese dogs. | genetic polymorphism was observed in the sialic acid species constituting the terminal sugar residues of hematosides from dog erythrocytes. one was n-acetylneuraminic acid and the other phenotype was n-glycolylneuraminic acid, regulated by an autosomal dominant allele (yasue, s., handa, s., miyagawa, s., inoue, j., hasegawa, a., & yamakawa, t. (1978) j. biochem. 83, 1101-1107). in this study we analyzed blood samples from 1,591 dogs of 36 breeds and demonstrated that the expression of n-glycolyl ... | 1984 | 6530396 |
| helminths of stray dogs in sapporo, hokkaido, japan. | | 1973 | 4543532 |
| [studies on the zoonoses in hokkaido, japan. 8. the prevalence of metacercariae of echinostoma hortense asada, 1926 in loaches]. | two species of loaches, misgurus anguillicaudatus and burbatula toni were collected from 28 localities of hokkaido to detect trematode metacercariae. among 829 m. anguillicaudatus, 577 (69.6%) were found to be infected with metacercariae, while 9 (1.6%) out of 549 b. toni were infected with metacercariae. adult flukes were recovered from the intestine of mice and rats or dogs orally administered with metacercariae. based on the morphological examination of adult specimens, echinostoma hortense w ... | 1987 | 3443431 |
| antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in dogs in hokkaido. | during 1985 to 1990, serum samples were obtained from 229 healthy dogs. the dogs lived in hokkaido, known to be infested with ticks. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect igg and igm antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi ho14 and hp3, which were isolated from ixodes ovatus and i. persulcatus in the area. igg antibody to b. burgdorferi ho14 was detected in 8.8% (1985), 16.4% (1987) and 18.5% (1990). igm antibody to the bacteria was detected in 1.8% (1987) and 2.5% (199 ... | 1990 | 2098630 |
| detection of brucella canis infection in dogs in hokkaido. | | 1977 | 887002 |
| research on targeting sources of alveolar echinococcosis in japan. | echinococcus multilocularis is a fatal zoonotic parasite in the northern hemisphere. recently, it has become endemic in many countries in asia, especially in the northern island of hokkaido in japan. the increasing threat of public health due to alveolar echinococcosis has compelled researches for sensitive diagnosis and effective control. this paper reviews on the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of echinococcosis specifically in japan. international collaborative responses by researchers an ... | 2007 | 17662388 |
| epizootiological survey of trichinella spp. infection in carnivores, rodents and insectivores in hokkaido, japan. | in order to evaluate the present epidemiological situation of trichinella infection in wild animals in hokkaido, japan, red foxes (vulpes vulpes), raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) , brown bears (ursus arctos) , martens (martes melampus), rodents and insectivores captured in hokkaido were examined for muscle larvae by the artificial digestion method from 2000 to 2006. foxes (44/319, 13.8%), raccoon dogs (6/77, 7.8%) and brown bears (4/126, 3.2%) were found to be infected with trichinella l ... | 2007 | 17405354 |
| current control strategies targeting sources of echinococcosis in japan. | the authors describe the current control strategies targeting definitive hosts of the most important zoonotic parasite in japan, echinococcus multilocularis. a dramatic increase in the prevalence of echinococcosis in foxes in hokkaido (the second largest of japan's islands), the invasion of wild foxes into urban areas, infection among pet and stray dogs, and the possibility of spreading the disease to the main island of japan (honshu)--all these pose significant threats to public health. previou ... | 2006 | 17366679 |
| experimental studies on echinococcus multilocularis in japan, focusing on biohazardous stages of the parasite. | alveolar echinococcosis (ae), caused by the active growth of larval echinococcus multilocularis mostly in the liver, is usually fatal zoonotic disease if not adequately treated. humans become infected via oral ingestion of the parasite eggs, which are thus biohazardous to humans and should be handled under restricted conditions. in this review, we present findings in experimental studies mainly performed at a safety facility in japan, examining the biohazadous stages of the parasite (hokkaido is ... | 2008 | 18396283 |
| genetic identification of mammalian carnivore species in the kushiro wetland, eastern hokkaido, japan, by analysis of fecal dna. | to identify mammalian carnivore species distributed in the kushiro wetland, eastern hokkaido, japan, we developed molecular-genetic methods for identification of the species from fecal samples collected from the field. species-specific primers and pcr programs were established for five native and six alien species of carnivores: martes zibellina, mustela nivalis, mustela erminea, vulpes vulpes, and nyctereutes procyonoides as native species, and neovison vison, martes melampus, mustela itatsi, c ... | 2008 | 18828658 |
| echinococcus multilocularis infection in pet dogs in japan. | a survey of echinococcus multilocularis infections in pet dogs in japan from 1997 to 2007 was conducted by testing for coproantigen reactivity, fecal taeniid eggs, and egg dna. in hokkaido, the only island where e. multilocularis is endemic in japan, 18 of 4768 dogs (0.4%) excreted taeniid eggs that were positive for e. multilocularis dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). most of the dogs testing positive for egg dna were kept free-range, but three dogs had been kept inside their owners' house ... | 2009 | 18945193 |
| overwintering strategy of wild free-ranging and enclosure-housed japanese raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides albus). | the raccoon dog, nyctereutes procyonoides, is a canid with a passive overwintering strategy in northern europe. however, the behaviour and physiology of the japanese subspecies, n. p. albus, which has fewer chromosomes than the other subspecies, remain unknown. we measured body temperature, body composition and blood biochemistry of wild free-ranging and fasted enclosure-housed n. p. albus during boreal winter in hokkaido, japan. body temperature of n. p. albus decreased from 38 degrees c in aut ... | 2009 | 19101736 |
| a vague understanding of the biology and epidemiology of echinococcosis by dog owners in hokkaido, an endemic island for echinococcus multilocularis in japan. | a questionnaire survey was conducted by giving 14 statements about echinococcosis to 2,070 dog owners residing in hokkaido in order to evaluate their understanding about the biology and epidemiology of echinococcus multilocularis. analysis of the answers revealed that dog owners understood the disease superficially, and there were several points of confusion in their understanding, especially regarding differences in the modes of transmission and disease development in dogs and humans. the resul ... | 2009 | 19194085 |
| multiplex pcr system for identifying the carnivore origins of faeces for an epidemiological study on echinococcus multilocularis in hokkaido, japan. | a multiplex pcr system was developed to identify the carnivore origins of faeces collected in hokkaido, japan, for epidemiological studies on echinococcus multilocularis. primers were designed against the d-loop region of mitochondrial dna. two separate primer mixtures (mix 1, specific forward primers to fox, raccoon dog and dog, and a universal reverse primer [prh]; and mix 2, specific forward primers to cat, raccoon and weasels and prh) were used so that the pcr products (160 bp, fox and cat; ... | 2009 | 19756739 |
| reconstructing the colonization history of lost wolf lineages by the analysis of the mitochondrial genome. | the grey wolves (canis lupus) originally inhabited major parts of the northern hemisphere, but many local populations became extinct. two lineages of wolves in japan, namely, japanese or honshu (c. l. hodophilax) and ezo or hokkaido (c. l. hattai) wolves, rapidly went extinct between 100 and 120years ago. here we analyse the complete mitochondrial genome sequences from ancient specimens and reconstruct the colonization history of the two extinct subspecies. we show a unique status of japanese wo ... | 2014 | 25132126 |
| quantitative risk assessment of the introduction of rabies into japan through the illegal landing of dogs from russian fishing boats in the ports of hokkaido, japan. | japan has been free from rabies since 1958 and various preventive measures are in place protecting the country from the introduction of the disease. historical reviews indicate that the illegal landing of dogs from russian fishing boats in the ports of hokkaido occurred frequently especially in the early 2000s and this could potentially be a source of introduction of rabies into japan. the method of scenario tree modelling was used and the following entry and exposure pathway was considered the ... | 2016 | 27237397 |