| survey of canine babesiosis in south africa. | a questionnaire, designed to obtain qualitative information on a number of variables concerning canine babesiosis (biliary fever) in south africa, was sent to 510 veterinary practices in late 1993. of the 157 practices that responded, all were presented with cases of babesiosis and most were situated in gauteng, the western cape and kwazulu-natal. apart from the western cape, a winter-rainfall region, the prevalence of babesiosis cases in dogs was highest in summer. most of the respondent practi ... | 2000 | 11205168 |
| the ecology of west nile virus in south africa and the occurrence of outbreaks in humans. | this paper reviews studies done on west nile virus (wnv) in south africa, mainly between 1962 and 1980 on the temperate inland plateau (highveld and karoo). the virus is maintained in an enzootic transmission cycle between feral birds and the ornithophilic mosquito culex univittatus. about 30 avian species have been shown to be involved without mortality. humans, and other mammals, although they may have antibodies, are considered blind-alleys in the transmission cycle except perhaps some dogs. ... | 2001 | 11797772 |
| emerging epidemic dog rabies in coastal south africa: a molecular epidemiological analysis. | towards understanding the molecular epidemiology of a severe dog rabies epidemic in the kwazulu natal province of south africa, we analyzed a variable 592 nucleotide genome sequence domain of 170 rabies viruses from kwazulu natal and surrounding regions. viruses from the kwazulu natal and eastern cape provinces belonged to a unique lineage, circulating as two independent and expanding epidemiological cycles. the first presented as closely related dog cycles along the eastern coastal regions of t ... | 2007 | 17451828 |
| boomslang envenomation in 2 dogs in kwazulu-natal, south africa. | although snakebites are frequently seen in small animal practice in south africa, boomslang (dispholidus typus) bites are infrequent due to their shy habits. boomslang venom is a potent procoagulent, causing a consumption coagulopathy and profuse haemorrhage. boomslang monovalent antivenom is the most effective treatment. this case report describes and discusses 2 small dogs that were presented to a private practice after being bitten by the same boomslang. boomslang monovalent antivenom adminis ... | 2007 | 17665767 |
| use of a molecular epidemiological database to track human rabies case histories in south africa. | the kwazulu natal and eastern cape provinces of south africa have experienced a serious dog rabies epidemic over the past three decades. towards a better understanding of this epidemic, we have previously analysed nucleotide sequences of 142 rabies virus specimens that were obtained from these regions during 2003-2004 and provided a molecular description of the geographical distribution of rabies viral variants in the affected provinces. here, as an extension, we studied five human cases that oc ... | 2008 | 17961278 |
| molecular detection of tick-borne protozoal and ehrlichial infections in domestic dogs in south africa. | a total of 1,138 blood specimens were collected over a 6-year period (2000-2006) from domestic dogs in south africa. specimens from domestic dogs were obtained from the onderstepoort veterinary academic hospital (ovah) in pretoria, the society for the prevention of cruelty to animals (johannesburg, durban, east london and bloemfontein) and private practices from four provinces (gauteng, mpumalanga, kwazulu-natal and western cape). all specimens were screened for babesia, theileria, hepatozoon an ... | 2008 | 18502588 |
| detection of a theileria species in dogs in south africa. | a theileria species was detected by pcr in blood samples collected from dogs in the pietermaritzburg area and was also found in dogs presented at the outpatients clinic of the onderstepoort veterinary academic hospital (ovah), in the pretoria area, south africa. in the pietermaritzburg area, 79 of the 192 samples were positive, while 3 out of 1137 of the onderstepoort samples were positive. three positive samples from pietermaritzburg were co-infected with ehrlichia canis. pcr positive samples w ... | 2008 | 18687528 |
| re-emergence of dog rabies in mpumalanga province, south africa. | dog rabies has commonly been associated with the eastern and southern border areas in mpumalanga province, and the nkomazi district in the east has been most affected. in other parts of the province, canid rabies has been under control for many years; however, in 2008, dog rabies spread to other parts of the province and resulted in a widespread outbreak. the objective of this study was to genetically characterize rabies viruses in an attempt to determine the source of this recent outbreak. fift ... | 2010 | 20370435 |
| rabies in south africa between 1993 and 2005--what has been achieved? | epidemiological analyses in time and space were carried out on all animal rabies cases reported in south africa for the period 1993-2005. validation of state veterinary records was done by comparing these with data from the 2 diagnostic laboratories mandated to test for animal rabies. a discrepancy between state veterinary records and laboratory results was found and is discussed. the total number of positive rabies cases reported to veterinary services between 1993 and 2005 was 4767. during thi ... | 2010 | 20649149 |
| high prevalence of antibodies against canine adenovirus (cav) type 2 in domestic dog populations in south africa precludes the use of cav-based recombinant rabies vaccines. | rabies in dogs can be controlled through mass vaccination. oral vaccination of domestic dogs would be useful in the developing world, where greater vaccination coverage is needed especially in inaccessible areas or places with large numbers of free-roaming dogs. from this perspective, recent research has focused on development of new recombinant vaccines that can be administered orally in a bait to be used as adjunct for parenteral vaccination. one such candidate, a recombinant canine adenovirus ... | 2013 | 23867013 |
| emergence of rabies in the gauteng province, south africa: 2010-2011. | canine rabies is enzootic throughout sub-saharan africa, including the republic of south africa. historically, in south africa the coastal provinces of kwazulu-natal and eastern cape were most affected. alarmingly, outbreaks of canine rabies have been increasingly reported in the past decade from sites where it has previously been under control. from january 2010 to december 2011, 53 animal rabies cases were confirmed; these were mostly in domestic dogs from southern johannesburg, which was prev ... | 2013 | 23718320 |
| perceptions of anal sex in rural south africa. | as part of the microbicides development programme, we conducted formative research to explore perceptions of anal sex at a site in rural kwazulu-natal. we were interested in the practice of anal sex because of its potential role in hiv transmission. eleven focus group discussions were conducted with men and women from rural areas and in a semi-urban township. participants were asked about their knowledge of and attitudes towards anal sex, and its practice in the local population. findings indica ... | 2008 | 18247212 |
| e cape swine fever ups kwazulu-natal human rabies risk. | | 2007 | 17599210 |
| importation of canid rabies in a horse relocated from zimbabwe to south africa. | in july 2003 a 2-year-old thoroughbred colt was imported from harare, zimbabwe to the ashburton training centre, pietermaritzburg, south africa. five months after importation, the colt presented with clinical signs suggestive of rabies: it was uncoordinated, showed muscle tremors and was biting at itself. brain tissue was submitted for analysis and the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by the fluorescent antibody test and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). phylogenetic anal ... | 2005 | 15991708 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xl. ticks on dogs belonging to people in rural communities and carnivore ticks on the vegetation. | ixodid ticks were collected at weekly intervals from february 1999 to april 2000 from domestic dogs belonging to people in rural communities in north-eastern kwazulu-natal. seven ticks were identified to species level and adult haemaphysalis leachi followed by immature amblyomma hebraeum and adult rhipicephalus simus were the most prevalent. infestation with adult h. leachi was most intense during february and march 1999 and from january to april 2000, and least intense during october 1999. infe ... | 2001 | 11585091 |
| canid and viverrid rabies viruses in south africa. | historical records suggest that in south africa rabies was present in viverrids in the early 1800s. in the early 1950s a wave of canine rabies spread from namibia through botswana into the northern transvaal and by 1961 a second front had penetrated south from mozambique into swaziland and northern natal. today, rabies is regularly confirmed in a number of canid and viverrid species in most regions of south africa. a panel of anti-nucleoprotein monoclonal antibodies was used to examine 83 virus ... | 1993 | 7777314 |
| a putative outbreak of equine lyme borreliosis in natal. | | 1990 | 2287001 |
| a case study of rabies diagnosis from formalin-fixed brain material. | rabies is caused by several lyssavirus species, a group of negative sense rna viruses. although rabies is preventable, it is often neglected particularly in developing countries in the face of many competing public and veterinary health priorities. epidemiological information based on laboratory-based surveillance data is critical to adequately strategise control and prevention plans. in this regard the fluorescent antibody test for rabies virus antigen in brain tissues is still considered the b ... | 2011 | 22616442 |