| antibody responses against natural taenia hydatigena infection in dogs in kenya. | antibody responses (igg) against taenia hydatigena infection in dogs in kenya were analysed in elisa using excretory/secretory products of t. hydatigena scoleces derived from goat cysticercus cysts. helminth infections of individual dogs were confirmed at autopsy. t. hydatigena worms were found in 89.5% of 143 dogs, and positive anti-t. hydatigena antibody levels were detected in 58.7% of infected dogs. positive antiscolex antibody levels were detected in 40.0% of turkana dogs uninfected with t. ... | 1991 | 1869360 |
| release and survival of echinococcus eggs in different environments in turkana, and their possible impact on the incidence of hydatidosis in man and livestock. | in turkana, kenya, a prevalence of hydatidosis of nearly 10% has been recorded among the pastoralists yet their livestock have a much lower prevalence of the disease. the present study investigated the release from dogs and subsequent survival of echinococcus eggs in turkana huts, water-holes and in the semi-arid environment. the results were compared with the survival of eggs of taenia hydatigena and t. saginata. the study was repeated under the cooler and moister conditions found in maasailand ... | 1991 | 2050986 |
| hydatid disease in the turkana district of kenya, vii: analysis of the infection pressure between definitive and intermediate hosts of echinococcus granulosus, 1979-1988. | the rate of acquisition of echinococcus granulosus and taenia hydatigena was examined in dogs treated with praziquantel in northwestern turkana district of kenya. an attempt was also made to assess the effect of drought on the prevalence of e. granulosus. the infection pressure to dogs with the cestodes was shown to be high, and the prevalence returned to pretreatment levels within six months. the unreliability of arecoline purging in prevalence studies of dog cestodes is shown by mathematical c ... | 1990 | 2260900 |
| leishmaniasis in kenya: description of leishmaniasis of a domestic goat from transmara, narok district, kenya. | extensive research has been carried out in eastern africa for animal reservoirs of both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. the domestic dog has been the only domestic animal so far implicated as a possible reservoir for visceral leishmaniasis. for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania aethiopica, the hyrax and the giant rat are the proven reservoirs of the disease while several species of rodents have been demonstrated to harbor l. major. recent studies conducted in domestic animals in ... | 1989 | 2772523 |
| immunodetection of echinococcus eggs from naturally infected dogs and from environmental contamination sites in settlements in turkana, kenya. | a species-specific indirect immunofluorescence test using an anti-echinococcus oncosphere monoclonal antibody (egoh6-4e5) was applied to identify echinococcus oncospheres released from taeniid eggs collected in environmental soil and water samples, and from perianal or faecal samples of naturally infected dogs, in northern turkana, kenya. the specificity of immunodetection of echinococcus eggs by specific fluorescence of echinococcus oncospheres from naturally infected dogs was 100% when compare ... | 1988 | 3055462 |
| hydatid disease in the turkana district of kenya. vi. man:dog contact and its role in the transmission and control of hydatidosis amongst the turkana. | despite a hostile environment unsuited to parasite transmission, turkana district in northwestern kenya has the highest incidence of hydatid disease in the world. the prevalence of the disease varies ten-fold, being higher in the north than the south of the district. this study examined whether differences in man:dog contact and specific activities of dogs enhanced the transmission of echinococcus granulosus eggs to man. a total of 24,541 observation-minutes were completed, studying 31 dogs from ... | 1988 | 3252758 |
| hydatid disease: research and control in turkana, kenya. 1. epidemiological observations. | a brief account is given of the geographical features of the turkana area and of the events which led to the discovery that this part of kenya had the highest incidence of clinically recognized hydatid disease in man anywhere in the world. observations were made on the distribution of the disease following an aerial survey designed to determine the distribution of the people. it was found that the highest incidence of 198 surgical cases per 100,000 people per annum was in the north-western area ... | 1986 | 3787676 |
| hydatid disease in the turkana district of kenya, iv. the prevalence of echinococcus granulosus infections in dogs, and observations on the role of the dog in the lifestyle of the turkana. | the prevalence of echinococcus granulosus in dogs in the turkana district of kenya was 39.4% of 695 examined. of these, 98 (35.8%) had heavy echinococcus worm burdens (10(3)-5 x 10(4) ), while 54 (19.7%) and 122 (44.5%) had medium (201-1000) and light (1-200) burdens. the possible sources of these infections are discussed. the prevalence rate differed in various parts of the district, ranging from 63.5% in the northwest, where the highest incidence of human hydatidosis also occurs, to nil along ... | 1985 | 3985706 |
| decline in the prevalence of echninococcus granulosus in dogs in lodwar, turkana, kenya between 1981 and 1983: its causes and significance. | | 1985 | 4076035 |
| an echinococcus pilot control programme for north-west turkana, kenya. | | 1984 | 6486925 |
| perspective on options for the implementation of a pilot hydatidosis control programme in the turkana district of kenya. | | 1984 | 6545195 |
| an active intermediate host role for man in the life cycle of echinococcus granulosus in turkana, kenya. | hydatid material removed at operation from 97 turkana was compared for fertility and viability with hydatid material removed from camels, cattle, sheep, and goats. the results showed that the human material was extremely fertile and viable, as was material from the camels, goats, and sheep. cattle cysts were invariably sterile, and the protoscoleces, when present, were comparatively less viable. the high incidence and fertility of hydatid cysts in the turkana, together with the lack of burial cu ... | 1983 | 6837848 |
| molecular examination of the sympatry and distribution of sheep and camel strains of echinococcus granulosus in kenya. | previous studies have shown that camel and sheep strains of the cystic hydatid parasite echinococcus granulosus occur in kenya. we examined 208 larval isolates and 40 worm samples of e. granulosus from various hosts in kenya using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a segment of ribosomal dna amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. this was in an effort to determine whether additional strains of e. granulosus occur in kenya, to examine the level of genetic heterogeneity with ... | 1993 | 8097619 |
| host feeding preference of phlebotomus guggisbergi, a vector of leishmania tropica in kenya. | recently the sandfly phlebotomus guggisbergi was found to be a vector of leishmania tropica causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in the laikipia focus, kenya, but extensive searches have shed no light on the identity of the rural reservoir host(s). in order to discover more about the biology of the vector, a host feeding preference study was conducted on wild sandflies in their natural cave environment over a 6-month period. solid state army miniature (ssam) traps, without light bulb, were suspended ... | 1993 | 8369555 |
| canine echinococcosis in turkana (north-western kenya): a coproantigen survey in the previous hydatid-control area and an analysis of risk factors. | a study of echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs, with risk-factor analysis, was carried out in the endemic area of northern turkana district, kenya, using necropsy on 42 strays and a coproantigen-elisa survey of 161 owned animals. during the post-mortem examinations, 14 (33%) of the necropsied dogs were found infected with e. granulosus, with a mean burden of 540 worms (range=two to 4080 worms). the 26 necropsied dogs that came from the north-western lokichoggio division--an area where, fro ... | 2006 | 16989686 |
| hydatid disease: research and control in turkana, iv. the pilot control programme. | a pilot programme to control hydatid disease in north-west turkana district was started in october 1983 with an intensive educational campaign. this was followed by control and treatment of the dog population to reduce the prevalence of echinococcus granulosus, thereby reducing the infective pressure on man. surveillance is by mass annual sero-epidemiological and ultrascan surveys of the nomadic turkana within the control region and by arecoline purging of the dogs. some of the recent advances i ... | 1986 | 3787679 |
| hydatid disease: research and control in turkana. ii. the role of immunological techniques for the diagnosis of hydatid disease. | immunological studies have been applied to the immunodiagnosis of human hydatidosis in turkana and for the specific identification of echinococcus eggs, particularly in regard to their potential for the assessment of a hydatid control programme in the north-west of the district. a high rate of false negatives has been obtained with sensitive antibody tests for proven hydatid patients in turkana and presents problems for prevalence estimation in the population. a seroepidemiological study using s ... | 1986 | 3787677 |
| hydatid disease in the turkana district of kenya i. the background to the problem with hypotheses to account for the remarkably high prevalence of the disease in man. | | 1982 | 7149835 |
| hydatid disease in the turkana district of kenya. iii. the significance of wild animals in the transmission of echinococcus granulosus, with particular reference to turkana and masailand in kenya. | the results are given of a study on the role of wildlife in the transmission of echinococcus granulosus in the turkana and narok districts of kenya. a total of 76 wild carnivores belonging to three separate species was examined from turkana district. echinococcus adults were found in 11 of 38 silver-backed jackals (canis mesomelas) and in six of 22 golden jackals (canis aureus). this is the first record of golden jackals being infected with this parasite in kenya. none of 16 spotted hyaenas (cro ... | 1983 | 6882057 |
| serum antibody to rift valley fever virus in african carnivores. | | 1996 | 8784515 |
| occurrence of filaria in domestic dogs of samburu pastoralists in northern kenya and its associations with canine distemper. | samples of blood (serum, smears and blood preserved with ethanol) were collected from dogs during a vaccination campaign in northern kenya in the years 2006 and 2007. blood was screened for filarial parasites using molecular and microscopy methods and sera were tested for antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv). parasitological examination revealed the presence of two species of canine filariae: acanthocheilonema dracunculoides and a. reconditum. the dna from the former species was detec ... | 2011 | 21724332 |