| characterization of whitney's clethrionomy gapperi virus isolates from massachusetts. | six strains of virus were recovered from the blood and/or liver of five clethrionomys gapperi ochraceus trapped in southeastern massachusetts during 1969. biological, antigenic and physiochemical properties of these isolates are reported. usa m-2268a was selected as the reference strain. this strain was identical by complement-fixation and neutralization tests to whitneys c. gapperie virus (usa 64-7855) from new york state and was related to, but distinct from, an unpublished agent (johnson's mi ... | 1976 | 6801 |
| strains of infectious bronchitis virus on the delmarva peninsula and in arkansas. | the constant-virus variable-serum neutralization test in chicken tracheal cultures was used to serotype infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolants from the delmarva peninsula and arkansas. of 106 isolants obtained from delmarva in 1971-1974, 93 were found to be the jmk strain, 5 massachusetts (mass), 5 connecticut (conn), 2 a new strain designated maryland (md) 27, and 1 a new strain designated md 31. of 26 isolants obtained from arkansas between october, 1971, and february, 1973, 17 were arkans ... | 1976 | 180960 |
| variant infectious bronchitis virus isolated from indiana chickens. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) associated with a catarrhal tracheitis, sudden decline in egg production, and reduced shell quality was isolated from an indiana white leghorn breeder flock. it was found to be serologically different from massachusetts, connecticut, iowa 97, iowa 609, florida, arkansas 99, jmk, holte, gray and se 17 ibv serotypes. two different massachusetts vaccine strains protected chickens from respiratory signs but not against virus infection using the isolant for challenge ... | 1976 | 181740 |
| an outbreak of type 4b listeria monocytogenes infection involving patients from eight boston hospitals. | during september and october 1979, 23 patients admitted to hospitals in the boston area had systemic listeria monocytogenes infection. twenty (87%) of these isolates were l monocytogenes type 4b, whereas only nine (33%) of the isolates serotyped during the preceding 26 months had been 4b. patients with type 4b listeria infection during the epidemic period (case patients) differed from patients with sporadic listeria infection in the preceding two years in that more of the case patients had hospi ... | 1986 | 3954524 |
| nephrosis in laying chickens caused by massachusetts-type infectious bronchitis virus. | | 1974 | 4450393 |
| the influence of maternal effects on the response of fast and slow growing chickens to a marek's disease virus. | | 1973 | 4754048 |
| prevalence of arkansas-type infectious bronchitis virus in delmarva peninsula chickens. | the prevalence of arkansas (ark)-type infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in delmarva peninsula broiler-type chickens was determined. the immunity of 5-to-11-week-old commercial broilers was evaluated by intraocular inoculation with ark-type dpi strain (ark dpi) challenge virus and collection of tracheal swabbings 5 days later. serum ark-type antibody titers were obtained using the virus-neutralization test. eighty-five flocks were tested from january to august 1981. nearly 60% of the flocks had s ... | 1983 | 6314974 |
| in vivo evaluation of the pathogenicity of field isolates of infectious bronchitis virus. | the pathogenicity of 13 field isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolated from georgia broiler farms from 1989 to 1992 was evaluated using the ibv and escherichia coli mixed-infection model. based on the clinical signs, mortality, and lesions, the isolates were classified as high, intermediate, and low in pathogenicity. the in vivo classification was compared with the serotype classification results obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lengt ... | 1994 | 7832713 |
| cellular response of the respiratory tract of chickens to infection with massachusetts 41 and australian t infectious bronchitis viruses. | cellular response of chickens to infection with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was investigated by lavage of the respiratory tract of five 2-week-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens at 2, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours postinfection (pi) with either massachusetts 41 (ibv-m41) or australian t (ibv-t) ibv. tissue response was monitored by microscopic examination of trachea and lung from five non-lavaged infected chickens collected at the same intervals. the total number of cells recovered by ... | 1993 | 8141754 |
| antigenic and s-1 genomic characterization of the delaware variant serotype of infectious bronchitis virus. | a previously unrecognized infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) serotype, referred to hereafter as the delaware variant (de var), was isolated from commercial broiler chickens during a severe, widespread respiratory disease epornitic in the delmarva peninsula region of the united states in january-march 1992. the de var serotype was found to be antigenically unrelated by virus-neutralization (vn) test to nine reference ibv serotypes from north america. additional vn tests indicated that the de var i ... | 1997 | 9356713 |
| better than chicken soup: encouraging older patients to receive influenza immunization. | | 1995 | 10154902 |
| characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from outbreaks of disease in commercial flocks in brazil. | fifteen isolations of infectious bronchitis (ib) virus were made from a total of 126 brazilian poultry flocks of all ages that were examined. these flocks (14 chicken and 1 quail) were experiencing a variety of ib-like conditions including respiratory disease, digestive and kidney problems, and drops in egg production. one of the isolates was of the massachusetts serotype. the remainder were examined by means of cross-neutralization tests in tracheal organ cultures and were shown to belong to at ... | 2000 | 11007005 |
| update: west nile virus activity--eastern united states, 2000. | data reported to cdc through the west nile virus (wnv) surveillance system have shown an increase in the geographic range of wnv activity in 2000 compared with 1999, the first year that wnv was reported in the western hemisphere. in response to this occurrence of wnv, 17 states along the atlantic and gulf coasts, new york city, and the district of columbia conducted wnv surveillance, which included monitoring mosquitoes, sentinel chicken flocks, wild birds, and potentially susceptible mammals (e ... | 2000 | 11105767 |
| construction and immunogenicity studies of recombinant fowl poxvirus containing the s1 gene of massachusetts 41 strain of infectious bronchitis virus. | the spike 1 (s1) surface glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is the major inducer of the generation of virus neutralizing antibodies, and the administration of purified s1 has been shown to elicit a protective immune response against virulent virus challenge. on the basis of these observations, recombinant fowl poxvirus (rfpv) containing a cdna copy of the s1 gene of ibv mass 41 (rfpv-s1) was constructed and its immunogenicity and vaccine potential were evaluated. initially, rfpv-s ... | 2002 | 12495043 |
| infectious disease survey of lesser prairie chickens in north texas. | lesser prairie chicken (tympanuchus pallidicinctus) abundance, like that of most grassland birds, has declined rangewide for decades. although habitat loss and degradation are likely ultimate causes for this decline, infectious agents, particularly microparasites, could be proximate contributors. no surveys of pathogenic bacteria or viruses have been published for this species. we surveyed 24 free-living lesser prairie chickens from hemphill county, texas (usa), for evidence of exposure to salmo ... | 2002 | 12528454 |
| toxoplasma gondii isolates from free-ranging chickens from the united states. | prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens is a good indicator of the strains prevalent in their environment because they feed from ground. the prevalence of t. gondii was determined in 118 free-range chickens from 14 counties in ohio and in 11 chickens from a pig farm in massachusetts. toxoplasma gondii antibodies (> or = 1: 5) were found using the modified agglutination test (mat) in 20 of 118 chickens from ohio. viable t. gondii was recovered from 11 of 20 seropositive chickens by ... | 2003 | 14627158 |
| genetic evaluation of a proposed introduction: the case of the greater prairie chicken and the extinct heath hen. | population introduction is an important tool for ecosystem restoration. however, before introductions should be conducted, it is important to evaluate the genetic, phenotypic and ecological suitability of possible replacement populations. careful genetic analysis is particularly important if it is suspected that the extirpated population was unique or genetically divergent. on the island of martha's vineyard, massachusetts, the introduction of greater prairie chickens (tympanuchus cupido pinnatu ... | 2004 | 15189201 |
| s1 gene characteristics and efficacy of vaccination against infectious bronchitis virus field isolates from the united states and israel (1996 to 2000). | the s1 genes of isolates of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) from commercial chickens in the us and israel (20 isolates from each country) were studied using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. partial sequences spanning the amino terminus region of s1 from amino acid residues 48 to 219, based on the beaudette strain, were used for analysis. phylogenetic clustering and high-sequence identity values were used ... | 2005 | 16191702 |
| detection of massachusetts and arkansas serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus in broilers. | the objective of this study was to compare the presence of the arkansas (ark) and massachusetts (mass) serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in the tracheas and cecal tonsils of commercial broilers after vaccination at 1 day of age by coarse spray. when given as a single serotype vaccine, the mass strain was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) only in the tracheas, whereas the ark strain was detected in bot ... | 2006 | 16863085 |
| genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the california 99 (cal99) variant of infectious bronchitis virus. | the california 99 (cal99) variant of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was first recovered in 1999 from vaccinated broiler chicken flocks in central california. the s1 hypervariable region of cal99 genome was most closely related to arkansas (ark) serotype viruses. in this study, the complete genome of cal99 was sequenced, and the structural protein genes were compared with those of commonly used ibv vaccines as well as those of isolates from naturally occurring outbreaks in different parts of t ... | 2007 | 16927130 |
| evaluation of the effectiveness of two infectious bronchitis virus vaccine programs for preventing disease caused by a california ibv field isolate. | infectious bronchitis virus ca99 serotype was isolated from several broiler flocks in northern california. the virus caused late-onset respiratory disease and increased airsacculitis condemnation in affected flocks despite the use of an established infectious bronchitis virus vaccination program. an experimental study compared holland/arkansas and massachusetts/arkansas vaccination protocols to determine the efficacy of commercial infectious bronchitis virus vaccines in reducing respiratory dise ... | 2007 | 17626488 |
| molecular characterization of avian infectious bronchitis virus strains from outbreaks in argentina (2001-2008). | twenty infectious bronchitis virus isolates were recovered from broilers and layers in different outbreaks amongst commercial poultry flocks in different geographic regions of argentina from 2001 to 2008. the viruses were isolated from the tracheas, lungs, and caecal tonsils of birds that were showing respiratory signs. further analysis based on their nucleotide and amino acid sequences in hypervariable region (hvr) 1 and the intervening sequence including hvrs 1 and 2 (hvr1/2) of the s1 gene wa ... | 2009 | 19322714 |
| massachusetts live vaccination protects against a novel infectious bronchitis virus s1 genotype dmv/5642/06. | four infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolates were recovered from commercial broiler chicken flocks located on the delmarva peninsula (east coast of the united states) in the spring of 2006. sequence analysis of the s1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein gene showed the four isolates were highly related to each other (> or = 99.6% nucleotide identity; > or = 98.9% amino acid identity). basic local alignment search tool analysis indicated the highest s1 amino acid identity of isolate dmv/5642/06, ... | 2009 | 19432014 |
| attenuated live vaccine usage affects accurate measures of virus diversity and mutation rates in avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the full-length genomes of 11 infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) field isolates from three different types of the virus; massachusetts (mass), connecticut (conn) and california (cal) isolated over a 41, 25 and 8 year period respectively, were sequenced and analyzed to determine the mutation rates and level of polymorphisms across the genome. positive selection was not detected and mutation rates ranged from 10(-4) to 10(-6)substitutions/site/year for mass and conn ibv types where attenuated live ... | 2011 | 21539870 |
| simultaneous detection of five major serotypes of avian coronavirus by a multiplex microsphere-based assay. | avian coronavirus (commonly known as infectious bronchitis virus [ibv]) is of major economic importance to commercial chicken producers worldwide. due to the existence of multiple serotypes and variants of the virus that do not cross-protect, it is important to diagnose circulating serotypes and choose the right vaccine type for successful protection. in an effort to improve conventional diagnostic tests, a microsphere-based assay was developed and evaluated for simultaneous detection of the mos ... | 2013 | 23847226 |
| characterization of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus dmv/1639/11 recovered from delmarva broiler chickens in 2011. | a limited outbreak of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis (nib) occurred in three delmarva (dmv) commercial broiler chicken flocks in 2011. isolates of nib virus (nibv)--dmv/1639/11, dmv/3432/11, and dmv/3902/11--were characterized by sequence analysis of the n-terminal subunit (s1) of the spike (s) gene. findings indicated that the isolates were identical to each other and to pa/9579a/10, a 2010 isolate from poultry in pennsylvania. the 2010 and 2011 isolates appear to have originated from a ... | 2013 | 23678731 |
| protection of chickens vaccinated with combinations of commercial live infectious bronchitis vaccines containing massachusetts, dutch and qx-like serotypes against challenge with virulent infectious bronchitis viruses 793b and is/1494/06 israel variant 2. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a coronavirus which affects chickens of all ages. ibv mainly causes respiratory disease but can also result in reduced weight gain, reduced egg production, increased frequency of abnormal eggs and increased rates of mortality. vaccination is the most important way to control the disease. nevertheless, novel strains of infectious bronchitis (ib) continue to emerge in the field. in order to respond promptly, combinations of existing ib vaccines are frequently t ... | 2017 | 27400065 |
| variability assessment of california infectious bronchitis virus variants. | on the basis of the data from the california animal health and food safety laboratory system, 1444 infectious bronchitis (ib) cases were diagnosed between 1997 and 2012. epidemiologic analyses demonstrated two major ib virus (ibv) outbreak peaks, affecting mainly 35-to-49-day-old broiler chickens. california variant 1737 (ca1737) and california variant 1999 (cal 99) ibv types were the most prevalent genotypes during the analyzed period. to further understand the increased prevalence of these gen ... | 2016 | 27309282 |
| altered pathogenicity of a tl/ch/ldt3/03 genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus due to natural recombination in the 5'- 17kb region of the genome. | an infectious bronchitis coronavirus, designated as ck/ch/lgx/130530, was isolated from an ibv strain h120-vaccinated chicken in this study. analysis of the s1 gene showed that isolate ck/ch/lgx/130530 was a tl/ch/ldt3/03-like virus, with a nucleotide sequence similarity of 99%. however, a complete genomic sequence analysis showed that ck/ch/lgx/130530 was more closely related to a massachusetts type strain (95% similarity to strain h120) than to the tl/ch/ldt3/03 strain (86%), suggesting that r ... | 2016 | 26616599 |
| combined infectious bronchitis virus arkansas and massachusetts serotype vaccination suppresses replication of arkansas vaccine virus. | polyvalent infectious bronchitis virus vaccination is common worldwide. the possibility of vaccine interference after simultaneous combined vaccination with arkansas (ark) and massachusetts (mass)-type vaccines was evaluated in an effort to explain the high prevalence of ark-type infectious bronchitis virus in vaccinated chickens. chickens ocularly vaccinated with combinations of ark and mass showed predominance of mass vaccine virus before 9 days post-vaccination (dpv) in tears. even when mass ... | 2015 | 26223977 |
| a duplex sybr green i-based real-time rt-pcr assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of massachusetts and non-massachusetts serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious viral disease of poultry caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and is considered one of the most economically important viral diseases of chickens. control of ibv has been attempted using live attenuated and inactivated vaccines. live attenuated vaccines of the massachusetts (mass.) serotype are the most commonly used for this purpose. due to the continuous emergence of new variants of the infectious bronchitis virus, the identification of the t ... | 2013 | 23810983 |
| prevalence and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii in free-range chickens from grocery stores and farms in maryland, ohio and massachusetts, usa. | chickens are considered important in the epidemiology of toxoplasma gondii. chicken hearts (n = 1185) obtained from grocery stores were tested for t. gondii infection. antibodies to t. gondii were assayed in fluid removed from the heart cavity using the modified agglutination test (mat) at 1:5, 1:25, and 1:100 dilutions. mat antibodies were detected in 222 hearts at 1:5 dilution and 8 hearts at 1:25 dilution, but none were positive at 1:100 dilution. seropositive (n = 230, 19.4%) chicken hearts ... | 2017 | 28337538 |
| a prepared mind--ernest edward tyzzer's legacy of research into avian diseases. | ernest edward tyzzer (1875-1965) was a physician, specializing at first (1902-1916) in cancer research and then from 1916 as a parasitologist. he was born of english parents in wakefield, massachusetts, where he lived all his life. educated in wakefield public schools, brown university (ph.b., a.m., hon. sc.d.), and harvard university (m.d.), he established during his 40-yr career (1902-1942) an international reputation in oncology, pathology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, and taxonomic ... | 2013 | 24597113 |