| seroepidemiology of viral infections among intravenous drug users in northern california. | intravenous drug users are frequently exposed to parenterally transmitted viral infections, and these infections can spread to the general population through sexual activity. we investigated the prevalence of serologic markers for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i/ii (htlv-i/ii), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) in intravenous drug users and their sexual contacts. of 585 drug users from northern california tested for these ser ... | 1992 | 1310362 |
| a comparison of hiv-1, hbv, and htlv-i/ii seroprevalence rates of injured patients admitted through california emergency departments. | to determine the seroprevalence rates of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv-i/ii) and to compare these rates with the hiv-1 seroprevalence rate in a sample of injured patients admitted through ten california emergency departments. | 1992 | 1554177 |
| human t-cell lymphotrophic virus in california's injection drug users. | human t-cell lymphotrophic virus i (htlv-i) and human t-cell lymphotrophic virus ii (htlv-ii) are closely related retroviruses that are highly prevalent in injection drug users (idus). the bulk of infection in this group probably occurs with htlv-ii, with a lower prevalence of htlv-i. htlv-i is known to cause adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma and tropical spastic paraparesis. htlv-ii has not been proven to cause any human pathology, but may be immunosuppressive and is almost indistinguishable serol ... | 1991 | 1765894 |
| determination of human t lymphotropic virus type by polymerase chain reaction and correlation with risk factors in northern california blood donors. | to determine the relative prevalence of human t lymphotropic virus (htlv) types i and ii, type-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was done on seropositive northern california blood donors. from october 1988 through march 1990, 67 (0.055%) of 122,517 blood donors had confirmed htlv antibody. seropositive donors were more likely to be middle-aged, female, and nonwhite than the overall donor base. pcr of samples from 30 htlv-seropositive donors yielded 19 (63%) with htlv-ii and 9 (30%) with h ... | 1993 | 8450261 |
| a prospective study of the risk of transfusion-acquired viral infections. | the risk of transfusion-transmitted viral infections may be estimated by several methods, but only prospective studies of transfusion recipients can directly measure the incidence, with associated 95% upper confidence bound, of these infections. from 1989 through 1995, 764 recipients of allogeneic or autologous red blood cell transfusions were enrolled; 486 (64%) provided both pretransfusion and 6-month follow-up specimens. both specimens were tested for anti-hbc, anti-hcv, anti-htlv-i and anti- ... | 1998 | 9800288 |
| htlv-i-associated myelopathy in a californian: diagnosis by reactivity to a viral recombinant antigen. | a male patient developed leg numbness and weakness, and bowel, bladder, and erectile dysfunction. examination revealed an isolated thoracic myelopathy, with lower-extremity spasticity, decreased vibration and position sense, hyperreflexia, and babinski's signs. serum and csf showed antibody reactivity to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i or ii (htlv-i/ii), suggesting htlv-i-associated myelopathy. antibody reactivity to a unique htlv-i recombinant protein provided definitive diagnosis of htl ... | 1991 | 1706492 |
| t-cell lymphoma in hiv-infected patients. | linkage of aids and cancer registries has indicated an increase in t-cell lymphomas among individuals infected with the hiv. the characteristics of t-cell versus b-cell lymphoma in hiv-infected patients are not well described. retrospectively, 11 cases of t-cell lymphoma were identified from the aids-lymphoma registry at the university of southern california. these patients were compared with 418 consecutive hiv-seropositive patients with b-cell lymphoma diagnosed and treated within the same tim ... | 2004 | 15247554 |
| cost-effectiveness of transfusion of platelet components prepared with pathogen inactivation treatment in the united states. | the intercept blood system (ibs) for platelets has been developed to reduce pathogen transmission risks during transfusions. | 2003 | 14604745 |
| clinical, epidemiologic, and virologic studies in four clusters of the chronic fatigue syndrome. | the purpose of this study is to provide a case definition of chronic fatigue syndrome in an outbreak occurring in the nevada-california region to evaluate candidate etiologic agents and observe the natural history of the illness. | 1992 | 1323246 |
| are htlv-ii-seropositive injection drug users at increased risk of bacterial pneumonia, abscess, and lymphadenopathy? | disease associations of htlv-ii are poorly defined, despite a high seroprevalence among injection drug users (idu). one hundred twenty-four htlv-ii-seropositive emergency room and clinic patients were matched by age, sex, and clinic to 120 htlv-i/ii-seronegative patients. medical records were reviewed blinded to htlv-ii status, and international classification of disease 9th clinical modification (icd-9cm)-coded diagnoses were compared between seropositive patients and controls. after adjustment ... | 1997 | 9390568 |
| human t-lymphotropic virus type ii seroprevalence among emergency department and clinic patients. | to determine the seroprevalence of human t-lymphotropic virus types i and ii (htlv-i and htlv-ii) among emergency department and clinic patients at a san francisco, california, hospital, consecutive patients from 4 outpatient settings-emergency department, medical clinic, antenatal clinic, and neighborhood health centers-were tested for antibody to 1 of the viruses using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot test. of 4,019 patients, 169 (4.2%) had antibody to htlv-i or -ii; the s ... | 1996 | 8764621 |
| human t-lymphotropic virus type i seroprevalence among japanese americans. | the epidemiology of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) infection is not well defined in japanese americans. this impairs using approaches that could reduce viral transmission and monitor carriers for the disease. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and p21e recombinant western blot testing, htlv-i antibody was measured in unlinked samples from japanese-american patients at 4 physicians' offices in san francisco, california. of 442 patients, 4 (0.9%; 95% confidence interval 0.25%, 2.3 ... | 1993 | 8342263 |