| htlv-i infection in selected populations in australia and the western pacific region. | the prevalence of infection with human t lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) in 19,975 blood samples from australia and the western pacific was determined by measuring the presence of specific antibody (anti-htlv-i) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with confirmation by western blot and/or radioimmunoprecipitation techniques. in australia no evidence of htlv-i infection was found in injecting drug users, patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), subjects attending a ... | 1992 | 1463486 |
| failure to isolate human t cell lymphotropic virus type i and to detect variant-specific genomic sequences by polymerase chain reaction in melanesians with indeterminate western immunoblot. | the controversy over the endemicity of human t cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) in melanesia has been settled recently by the isolation of genetically distinct, highly divergent sequence variants of htlv-i from unrelated inhabitants of papua new guinea and the solomon islands. still at issue, however, is the significance of the high frequency of indeterminate htlv-i western blots (defined as reactivity to only gag-encoded proteins) among melanesians. to investigate whether this indetermin ... | 1992 | 1629703 |
| the prevalence of antibodies to human t-lymphotropic virus type i in different population groups in papua new guinea. | isolation and partial sequencing of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) variants from inhabitants of papua new guinea (png) and the solomon islands has confirmed the existence of virus infection in melanesian populations. to determine the geographical distribution of seropositivity to htlv-i in png we have tested 2907 serum and plasma samples collected between 1972 to 1991 from 16 different population groups. samples were screened using a particle agglutination assay and confirmed by p21e ... | 1993 | 8517792 |
| seroprevalence of human t-lymphotropic virus type 1 in papua new guinea and irian jaya measured using different western blot criteria. | endemic foci of htlv-1 carriers have been found in the world, however, the origin of htlv-1 in humans is still unclear. since a distinct type of virus strain was isolated from the solomon islands, detailed surveys on htlv-1 prevalence in new guinea are important to shed light on its history of dissemination. | 2000 | 10720817 |
| human t lymphotropic virus type 1 subtype c melanesian genetic variants of the vanuatu archipelago and solomon islands share a common ancestor. | melanesia is endemic for human t lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) subtype c. in 2005, we identified 4 infected women from ambae island, vanuatu. subsequently, 4247 ni-vanuatu originating from 18 islands were enrolled to define htlv-1 epidemiological determinants and to characterize the viral strains molecularly. | 2007 | 17624835 |
| phylogenetic relatedness of htlv type i from bellona, a polynesian outlier within the solomon islands, to htlv type i from japan and far eastern asia. | | 1999 | 10445816 |
| markedly high seroprevalence of hepatitis b virus infection in comparison to hepatitis c virus and human t lymphotropic virus type-1 infections in selected solomon islands populations. | to determine the prevalences of hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and human t lymphotropic virus type-1 (htlv-1) infections in residents of the solomon islands, we surveyed 1,610 serum samples from 1,113 outpatients and 497 healthy volunteer blood donors at the central hospital in honiara, the solomon islands. the prevalence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) by radioimmunoassay (ria) (n = 315, 19.6%) was significantly different from that of antibody to hcv (anti-hcv) by a se ... | 1999 | 10432062 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of a highly divergent human t-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type i (htlv-i) variant from melanesia: genetic and phylogenetic relationship to htlv-i strains from other geographical regions. | the high prevalences of antibodies against human t-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type i (htlv-i) reported for remote populations in papua new guinea and the solomon islands and for some aboriginal populations in australia have been verified by virus isolation. limited genetic analysis of the transmembrane portion (gp21) of the envelope gene of these viruses indicates the existence of highly divergent htlv-i strains in melanesia. here, we report the complete nucleotide sequence of an htlv-i ... | 1993 | 8419636 |
| interfamilial and intrafamilial genomic diversity and molecular phylogeny of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i from papua new guinea and the solomon islands. | to determine the interstrain genomic diversity and molecular phylogeny of the recently identified variants of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) in melanesia, we enzymatically amplified, then directly sequenced representative regions of the gag, pol, and env genes of htlv-i strains from 10 members of four families, including one family from papua new guinea and three families from the solomon islands. when aligned and compared to a japanese strain of htlv-i (atk), the melanesian htl ... | 1993 | 8372432 |
| cross-neutralizing antibodies against cosmopolitan and melanesian strains of human t cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type i in sera from inhabitants of africa and the solomon islands. | the so-called cosmopolitan strains of human t cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) from japan, africa, the west indies, and the americas differ only slightly (< 3%) in their genomic sequence. on the other hand, the melanesian strains of htlv-i are somewhat more divergent, exhibiting only 93% sequence similarity with the cosmopolitan strains. despite this difference, sera from individuals infected with melanesian strains cross-react with t cells infected with cosmopolitan strains of h ... | 1994 | 8179967 |
| genetic and phylogenetic analyses of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i variants from melanesians with and without spastic myelopathy. | molecular variants of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) have been isolated recently from lifelong residents of remote melanesian populations, including a solomon islander with tropical spastic paraparesis/htlv-i-associated myelopathy (tsp/ham) or htlv-i myeloneuropathy. to clarify the genetic heterogeneity and molecular epidemiology of disease-associated strains of htlv-i, we enzymatically amplified, then directly sequenced representative regions of the gag, pol, env, and px genes ... | 1994 | 7999313 |
| genotyping of human t cell lymphotropic virus type i using australo-melanesian topotype-specific oligonucleotide primer-based polymerase chain reaction: insights into viral evolution and dissemination. | sequence variants of human t cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i), genetically distinct from cosmopolitan strains of htlv-i from japan, the americas, the caribbean, and africa, have been discovered among melanesians in papua new guinea and the solomon islands and among australian aboriginals. by using oligonucleotide primer pairs derived from sequences unique to the gp46- and gp21-encoding regions of the env gene of the melanesian htlv-i variants, htlv-i strains from widely separated geograph ... | 1994 | 7995973 |
| functional conservation of the neutralizing domains on the external envelope glycoprotein of cosmopolitan and melanesian strains of human t cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type i. | to determine if the immunodominant neutralizing epitopes on the external envelope glycoprotein of the recently identified sequence variants of human t cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type i (htlv-i) from melanesia are functionally conserved, sera from japanese patients with adult t cell leukemia and from htlv-i-infected melanesians of papua new guinea and the solomon islands were tested for neutralizing antibodies by use of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes bearing envelope antigens of japanes ... | 1993 | 7504032 |
| antibodies to htlv-i in populations of the southwestern pacific. | sera collected from 1,102 individuals in 14 populations of the southwestern pacific between 1956 and 1979 were tested by elisa for antibodies to human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i). selected sera were also tested by particle agglutination and immunoblotting. six of the populations had prevalences of antibodies greater than 4%, two populations had prevalences greater than 15%. six populations had antibody prevalences of 2% or less. three populations from the coast and northern islands of ... | 1988 | 3209991 |
| prevalence of antibodies interactive with htlv-i antigens in selected solomon islands populations. | serum samples obtained in 1986 from healthy individuals in three distinct solomon islands populations were screened for antibodies to human lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i). one of the populations tested lives on the remote polynesian outlier atoll, ontong java. the other two groups, the baegu and the lau, are melanesians living on malaita, the most populous of the larger solomon islands. eighty-eight of a total of 601 (14.6%) sera tested were repeatably reactive in an enzyme-linked immunosorb ... | 1990 | 2333936 |
| human t-lymphotropic virus type i infection in the solomon islands. | to ascertain the prevalence of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) infection and the occurrence of diseases caused by htlv-i in the solomon islands, we tested 1141 sera from 851 patients (317 females and 534 males), who were hospitalized at the central hospital in honiara between february 1984 and november 1988, for antibodies to htlv-i using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). sera from 69 of 81 elisa-positive patients and from 56 elisa-negative patients were then tested by wes ... | 1991 | 2012254 |
| verification of htlv-i infection in the solomon islands by virus isolation and gene amplification. | we report the detection of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) genomic sequences by polymerase chain reaction in lymphocyte cultures of three unrelated native solomon islanders, including a patient with htlv-i myeloneuropathy, residing in widely separated regions. in addition, we have isolated htlv-i from t-cell lines derived from two of these individuals. virus-specific proteins of 15, 19, 24, 46 and 53 kilodaltons were detected by immunofluorescence and western immunoblot, using serum f ... | 1991 | 1902446 |
| highly divergent molecular variants of human t-lymphotropic virus type i from isolated populations in papua new guinea and the solomon islands. | to determine the molecular genetic relationship between melanesian strains of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) and cosmopolitan prototype htlv-i, we amplified by pcr, then cloned, and sequenced a 522-base-pair region of the htlv-i env gene in dna extracted from uncultured (fresh) and cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from six seropositive melanesian papua new guineans and solomon islanders, including a solomon islander with htlv-i myeloneuropathy. unlike isolates of ... | 1991 | 1881912 |
| comparison between strains of human t lymphotropic virus type i isolated from inhabitants of the solomon islands and papua new guinea. | strains of human t lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) isolated from t cell lines (si-1, si-3, and si-5) from three individuals in separate regions of the solomon islands were compared with a variant (png-1) isolated from a healthy person in papua new guinea and a prototype strain from japan (mt-2). the si-1, si-3, and si-5 cell lines were predominantly cd8+. expression of gag- and env-encoded virus-specific proteins was detected in si-1, si-3, and si-5 and in mt-2 cells by immunofluorescence and ... | 1991 | 1869834 |
| prevalence of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i infection in singapore: a preliminary report. | human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) infection is endemic in southwestern japan, the caribbean basin, colombia, africa and in several isolated populations in papua new guinea, the solomon islands and vanuatu. to determine the seroprevalence of htlv-i infection in singapore, we tested sera from 115 hospitalized patients with acute nephritis, 50 patients with suspected leptospirosis, 34 patients with non-a, non-b hepatitis, and from 28 healthy volunteers for igg antibodies against htlv- ... | 1991 | 1823807 |
| human t-lymphotropic virus type i infection among blood donors in the solomon islands. | | 1992 | 1731447 |
| specificity of an oligonucleotide primer pair and of a single-base substitution in the amplification and detection of env gene sequences of htlv-i variants from papua new guinea and the solomon islands. | | 1992 | 1520532 |
| human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i infection and disease in the pacific basin. | human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i), the cause of adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atll) and htlv-i-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp), is widespread in the pacific basin. modes of virus transmission include blood transfusion (and intravenous drug use), breast milk, and sexual intercourse. high prevalences of htlv-i infection and disease occur among the inhabitants of southwestern japan and among first- and second-generation (issei and nisei) japanese-america ... | 1992 | 1427742 |
| humoral responses to the immunodominant gag and env epitopes of human t-lymphotropic virus type i among melanesians. | the immune responsiveness to the immunodominant b-cell epitopes of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i), derived from the external envelope glycoprotein (recombinant mta-1(162-209), synthetic env-1(194-214), and env-5(242-257)) and the gag-encoded matrix protein (gag-1a(102-117)), was analyzed in 19 htlv-i-seropositive and 51 htlv i-seroindeterminate melanesians from papua new guinea and the solomon islands. the reactivities of seropositive melanesian specimens to mta-1 (100%), env-5 (89%) ... | 1992 | 1282011 |