| the association of infection and clinical severity in sickle cell anaemia patients. | sickle cell anaemia (sca) patients have a high risk of infection. we retrospectively investigated the prevalence of infection among sca patients from bahia, brazil. a total of 1415 sca patients were studied between 1995 and 2009: 190 (13.4%) had hepatitis c virus (hcv), 67 (4.7%) had human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i), 44 (3.1%) had hepatitis b virus (hbv), 40 (2.8%) had chagas' disease, 11 (0.8%) had human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and 5 (0.4%) had syphilis. patients with hcv infect ... | 2011 | 21216418 |
| prevalence and risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in hiv-infected women in salvador, bahia, brazil. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is frequently associated with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. immunosuppression and high hiv viral load are the main risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cin in hiv-infected women in salvador, bahia, brazil, and to describe the risk factors in comparison with non-infected women. | 2010 | 21120429 |
| association between serum albumin levels and in-hospital deaths due to tuberculosis. | a tuberculosis (tb) referral hospital in the state of bahia, north-eastern brazil. | 2006 | 17167953 |
| genetic variability of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in bahia state, northeast, brazil: high diversity of hiv genotypes. | the hiv-1 genetic variability in bahia state, brazil, was investigated. dna samples from 229 and 213 hiv-1-infected individuals were analyzed using the heteroduplex mobility assay (hma) in gag and env fragments, respectively. one hundred seventy-five samples were characterized in both genes. thirty-two subtype f and bf recombinant viruses were sequenced and analyzed by phylogenetic methods. the combination of hma and sequencing results showed that seven different hiv-1 genotypes comprised this s ... | 2009 | 19152417 |
| lower prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 brazilian subtype b found in northeastern brazil with slower progression to aids. | besides being extremely useful in measuring the level of hiv-1 diversity and prevalence in populations, the molecular analysis of genomic sequences provides crucial surveillance support and aids in the development of new therapies and effective vaccines. the present study focused on gag and env dna and amino acid sequences that were generated from samples taken from 61 infected patients in the city of salvador, bahia, located in northeastern brazil. in order to determine selective pressure and p ... | 2010 | 20854208 |
| seroprevalence and molecular epidemiology of htlv-1 isolates from hiv-1 co-infected women in feira de santana, bahia, brazil. | htlv-1/hiv-1 co-infection is associated with severe clinical manifestations, marked immunodeficiency, and opportunistic pathogenic infections, as well as risk behavior. salvador, the capital of the state of bahia, brazil, has the highest htlv-1 prevalence (1.74%) found in brazil. few studies exist which describe this co-infection found in salvador and its surrounding areas, much less investigate how these viruses circulate or assess the relationship between them. to describe the epidemiological ... | 2010 | 20929351 |
| prevalence and risk of blood-borne and sexually transmitted viral infections in incarcerated youth in salvador, brazil: opportunity and obligation for intervention. | to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections among incarcerated adolescents in salvador, brazil, we interviewed 300 incarcerated youth aged 11-18 years to participate in a physical examination and to provide a blood sample to test for hiv-1, hepatitis b and c viruses exposure, human t-cells lymphotrophic virus, and syphilis. overall prevalence was anti-hiv, 0.34%; anti-hbc, 11.1%; hbsag, 2.4%; anti-hcv, 6.4%; htlv, 1.09%; and syphilis, 3.4%. the majority (86.3%) ... | 2008 | 18500658 |
| re-mapping the molecular features of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 brazilian sequences using a bioinformatics unit established in salvador, bahia, brazil, to give support to the viral epidemiology studies. | the analysis of genetic data for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) is essential to improve treatment and public health strategies as well as to select strains for vaccine programs. however, the analysis of large quantities of genetic data requires collaborative efforts in bioinformatics, computer biology, molecular biology, evolution, and medical science. the objective of this study was to review and improve the molecular epidemiology ... | 2007 | 17426875 |
| co-infection with htlv-1 is associated with a shorter survival time for hiv-1-infected patients in bahia, brazil. | co-infection with htlv-1 reaches 20% among patients infected by hiv-1 in bahia, brazil. to evaluate its impact on survival, we conducted a retrospective, case-control study involving 198 patients (63 cases). co-infection was associated with parenteral exposure (p = 0.0001) and female sex (p = 0.02). co-infected patients had a shorter mean survival (1849 days) than controls (2430 days, p = 0.001), regardless of sex or baseline cd4 cell count. in bahia, brazil, co-infection with hiv-1 and htlv-1 i ... | 2001 | 11600839 |
| prevalence of human papilloma virus in hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients in the state of bahia: a pilot study. | human papilloma virus (hpv) plays a central role in the development of cervical cancer. however, other coexisting factors, such as hiv infection, must be present for this to occur. we evaluated the prevalence of hpv in hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients in the city of salvador, bahia, brazil, and determined the most prevalent types of hpv in these patients. fifty-five cases were selected from among patients attending three institutions providing cervical pathology services in the city of sal ... | 2004 | 15798811 |
| human t lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) infection in neurological patients in salvador, bahia, brazil. | htlv-i infection represents a major health concern in endemic areas throughout the world, such as salvador, the main city of bahia state, with socio-demographic characteristics similar to sub-saharan african cities, located in the northeast of brazil. in order to provide an estimate of the frequency distribution, and range of neurological manifestations potentially related to htlv-i infection in this city, we conducted a cross-sectional clinical-epidemiological study to determine the prevalence ... | 1999 | 10426153 |
| country watch: brazil. | prior to the successful, low-cost, multimedia campaigns of gapa-bahia (gapa-ba), a nongovernmental organization (ngo), campaigns to educate people about hiv, aids, and sexually transmitted diseases (stds) were produced by the brazilian national aids/std program. their first campaign, in 1990, focused on fear; their second, in 1995, known as the braulio campaign, targeted poor men with little education via a conversation between a man and his penis "which had its own will power, opinions about co ... | 1996 | 12347929 |
| sacred messages for aids prevention. principles into practice. | in brazil, alternative religious approaches are being used to spread the message of aids prevention. the concepts and practices of traditional afro--brazilian religion are being used in a newly released booklet for religious leaders of candomble, a traditional spirit cult that traces its origins to the yoruba of western africa. there is a fusion of this spirit cult with catholicism. the practice of all night dancing ceremonies where initiates appeal to orixas for guidance is coupled with priv ... | 1991 | 12284523 |
| human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection among pregnant women in northeastern brazil. | an evaluation of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) infection among 6754 pregnant women in salvador, bahia, brazil using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot analysis, and polymerase chain reaction assay found a rate of infection of 0.84% (57 of 6754 women). epidemiologic and obstetric data on the htlv-1-positive pregnant women were analyzed and compared with data on a control group of htlv-1-negative pregnant women. the mean age of the htlv-1-positive women was 26.2 year ... | 2001 | 11391171 |
| risk factors for human t cell lymphotropic virus type i among injecting drug users in northeast brazil: possibly greater efficiency of male to female transmission. | it was observed in the city of salvador, state of bahia, the highest seroprevalence of human t cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-i) infection in brazil as demonstrated by national wide blood bank surveys. in this paper, we report results of an investigation of drug use and sexual behavior associated with htlv-i infection among male and female injecting drug users (idus) in salvador. a cross sectional study was conducted in the historical district of salvador from 1994-1996 (projeto brasil-sal ... | 1999 | 10029907 |
| vertical transmission of htlv-i/ii: a review. | the vertical transmission of the human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) occurs predominantly through breast-feeding. since some bottle-fed children born to carrier mothers still remain seropositive with a frequency that varies from 3.3% to 12.8%, an alternative pathway of vertical transmission must be considered. the prevalence rate of vertical transmission observed in japan varied from 15% to 25% in different surveys. in brazil there is no evaluation of this form of transmission until ... | 1998 | 9876439 |
| seroprevalence of hiv, htlv-i/ii and other perinatally-transmitted pathogens in salvador, bahia. | generation of epidemiological data on perinatally-transmitted infections is a fundamental tool for the formulation of health policies. in brazil, this information is scarce, particularly in northeast, the poorest region of the country. in order to gain some insights of the problem we studied the seroprevalence of some perinatally-transmitted infections in 1,024 low income pregnant women in salvador, bahia. the prevalences were as follow: hiv-1 (0.10%), htlv-i/ii (0.88%), t.cruzi (2.34%). t.palli ... | 1995 | 8599064 |
| the influence of cd4+ t cells, hiv disease stage and zidovudine on hiv isolation in bahia, brazil. | hiv-1 isolation was attempted on 72 individuals, including persons with known hiv infection and five without proven hiv infection but with indeterminate western blot patterns, as well as on low-risk hiv seronegative persons. the ability to detect hiv-1 from culture supernatant by p24 antigen capture assay was evaluated by segregating patients by absolute cd4+ cell counts, clinical stage of disease, p24 antigenemia and zidovudine use. the likelihood of a p24 positive hiv culture was highest among ... | 1996 | 8851208 |
| seroepidemiology of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i/ii in northeastern brazil. | we investigated the prevalence of human t-lymphotropic virus i/ii (htlv-i/ii) infection in bahia, a state in northeastern brazil. healthy individuals (n = 327) and patients (n = 337) with a variety of diseases were screened for antibodies to htlv-i/ii using an enzyme immunoassay and western blot. the overall prevalence among healthy subjects was 1.8% (six of 327); among patients it was 18.4% (62 of 337). patients with aids had the highest prevalence of htlv-i/ii infection, 22.7% (20/88), followe ... | 1993 | 8315579 |
| [htlv-1 associated myelopathies in the city of salvador, bahia]. | chronic myelopathy associated with human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) has been described in several endemic areas in brazil. in salvador, 102 patients with myelopathy were screened for htlv-i/ii by elisa and western blot assays. we found 36 patients with htlv-i/ii associated myelopathy confirming the high prevalence of ham in salvador. the initial complaint of our patients were urinary urgency, back pain and progressive unsteadiness on walking. on examination all of them had a spastic pa ... | 1994 | 7893204 |
| analysis of antibody specificity against the third variable region of the envelope glycoprotein gp120 of hiv-1 in plasma from hiv-1-positive individuals residing in brazil. | 1. antibody specificity for the principal neutralization domain (pnd) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) was studied in plasma from 122 hiv-1-infected individuals residing in brazil. 2. using 8 overlapping sequential pentadecapeptides corresponding to the third variable region (v3) of 5 different hiv-1 isolates in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), a preferential recognition of the peptides with amino acid sequences corresponding to the hiv-1 isolates iiib and mn (maxi ... | 1994 | 8000344 |
| prevalence of serological markers and risk factors for bloodborne pathogens in salvador, bahia state, brazil. | this study aimed to determine the prevalence of serological markers for hiv-1/2, hbv, hcv, treponema cruzi and t. pallidum infections. the association of these infections with risk factors in a population from salvador, bahia, brazil was also analysed. of the 780 enrolled individuals, 545 (70%) were female and 235 (30%) were male. seroprevalence of 0·8% (6/702), 1·3% (9/678), 1·5% (10/684), 3·5% (23/663) and 11·5% (77/668) for hiv-1/2, hbv, hcv, t. cruzi and t. pallidum infections, respectively, ... | 2013 | 22417705 |
| learning all together. | this article discusses the benefits and successes of the ngo, gapa-bahia project, started in 1992, to involve students and teachers in developing an aids prevention education program and evaluation. the project sought to help youth make decisions that result in a healthy, safe, and pleasurable sexual life and to encourage acceptance and support for people living with hiv and aids. the involvement of teachers and students in project design allows for greater adaptation and utility. the project ... | 1996 | 12293245 |