| geochemistry and health in the united kingdom. | before the 1960s, comparisons between the distribution of trace elements in the environment and health in the united kingdom were primarily confined to ad hoc studies in areas associated with particular agricultural disorders or with unusual human mortality or morbidity records. more recently, increasing interest in the importance of trace elements in crop and animal production and in the hazards of environmental pollution have created a need for more systematic geochemical data. geochemical rec ... | 1979 | 43529 |
| human gene mapping 5. edinburgh conference (1979). fifth international workshop on human gene mapping. | | 1979 | 44241 |
| comparison of the specificity of human and bovine tuberculin ppf for testing cattle. 3. national trial in great britain. | a field trial on a country-wide basis was undertaken to compare the specificity for bovine tuberculosis of single and comparative tuberculin tests in cattle using either weybridge human or weybridge bovine ppd. the tests were made on 10,305 cattle in 179 herds distributed throughout all regions of england, scotland and wales. results showed that a comparative tuberculin test using avian ppd with either human or bovine ppd had a much higher efficiency than a single injection of mammalian tubercul ... | 1975 | 47752 |
| towards a new understanding of john hunter. | | 1978 | 75348 |
| human toxocara infection in west of scotland. | | 1978 | 78086 |
| lower-solute milks and reduction of hypernatraemia in young glasgow infants. | | 1979 | 90929 |
| gonorrhea in the homosexual man: frequency of infection by culture site. | the aims of this study were determine the frequencies of infection with neisseria gonorrhoeae at various sites in homosexual men who were attending clinics for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in central scotland and to appraise the diagnostic tests used. specimens for culture were taken from the urethra, pharynx, and anorectum of every homosexual man in the study. when the first cultures of pharyngeal and rectal specimens were negative, these cultures were repeated twice at weekly int ... | 1978 | 105412 |
| virus-induced papillomas of the alimentary tract of cattle. | an abattoir survey was carried out to determine the incidence and aetiology of squamous papillomas of the alimentary tract of cattle in scotland and north england as they were suspected of being involved in the genesis of alimentary carcinoma in certain localized geographical areas. a total of 7,746 cattle of a wide age range was examined. various subsets of this number were subjected to analyses of certain specific factors. the calculated overall incidence was 19% and the detailed site incidenc ... | 1978 | 212374 |
| nurses and the law - 5. the mental health act. | | 1978 | 248731 |
| antibodies and the aberdeen typhoid outbreak of 1964. ii. coombs', complement fixation and fimbrial agglutination tests. | in a previous paper (brodie, 1977) the value of the widal test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever was shown to be limited. evaluation of possible alternative tests showed that: (1) the sensitivity of the anti-human globulin (coombs') test appeared greater than that of the agglutination test but the length of time (48 h) before results were available rendered it of little value in rapid diagnosis: (2) the complement fixation test offered no particular help towards diagnosis; (3) immunized and non- ... | 1977 | 269194 |
| the man behing the name: sir charles bell 1774-1842. | | 1977 | 323822 |
| lung transplantation update. | this review has indicated that there is decreased activity in research of experimental lung transplantation and a virtual cessation of lung transplants in man. several groups are continuing active research in various aspects of the lung transplantation problems, but it is suspected that a greater effort will be required before transplantation of the lung will become commonplace for human patients. in the appendix attached to the bibliography, we have attempted to identify groups of investigators ... | 1977 | 331604 |
| the donation and transplantation of kidneys: should the law be changed? | it is now eighteen years on since the human tissue act 1961, but this legislation is still unchanged in england, scotland and wales. ian kennedy, in this paper, lays before us the law as it is, the problems of its interpretation and his opinion of what government should be doing to help clarify the situation and remove some of the problems which exist daily for the doctors who face the dilemma of seeking consent for transplants at the moment of extreme grief for the surviving spouses or relative ... | 1979 | 372528 |
| persistence of a specific pseudomonas infection in a large general hospital. | of at least 37 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa distinguishable by their pyocine production, type 10 is noteworthy for its relative rarity and its virulence to man. opportunistic infections by this organism occurring in a single hospital over 8 years are described, and its ecology discussed with reference to its possible control. | 1977 | 402023 |
| stool viruses in babies in glasgow. i. hospital admissions with diarrhoea. | stools from 183 babies under 2 years of age admitted to ruchill hospital with diarrhoea were examined by electron microscopy, virus culture, bacterial culture and light microscopy. as far as possible, several stools were examined from each patient and the results showed rotaviruses, astroviruses and other viruses in association with symptoms, as well as the expected bacterial pathogens. examination of several stools from the same patient also showed that in this age group the viral flora of the ... | 1977 | 403233 |
| the evolution of a course in human sexuality university of edinburgh, 1972-1978. | a short undergraduate course in human sexuality has been developed over a period of 7 years. the objectives, initially concerned with cognitive learning, shifted to affective aspects of the topic, introduced through a format of sexually explicit films and small-group discussions. continuing evaluation of successive courses by students has been particularly valuable in identifying helpful and unhelpful behaviour in group leaders, and has been used in their training. the evaluations also demonstra ... | 1979 | 537534 |
| babesiosis in man: a case from scotland. | | 1979 | 573650 |
| single radial haemolysis: a survey of antibody titres in the highland region of scotland to recent strains of influenza a. | the single radial haemolysis test is conveniently practical and economical and promises to have wide applicability in the study of influenza antibodies in human populations. it can also be adapted for preliminary examination of new virus isolates during epidemics. using this test a rather higher proportion of the population in the highland region of scotland were found to possess antibody to a recent epidemic strain of influenza (a/scotland/74) than was the case in the south of england. antibody ... | 1978 | 621377 |
| bovine cysticercosis storm following the application of human slurry. | | 1978 | 644852 |
| tourist hepatitis in the west of scotland. | during the 6-year period (1971-76) 971 patients were admitted with acute viral hepatitis to different infectious units in the west of scotland. of these, 30 (3%) patients had tourist hepatitis. the majority (80%) acquired the infection in the subcontinents of africa and india or other tropical countries. the clinical spectrum of the illness in these patients ranged from mild to fulminant hepatitis. fifteen patients were specifically asked about their immunisation history prior to their travel an ... | 1978 | 675233 |
| natural challenge of subjects vaccinated with wrl 105 strain live influenza vaccine in a residential community. | in the spring of 1975 an outbreak of influenza associated with influenza virus a/scotland/840/74 virus occurred in a residential college where the previous autumn some students had been immunised with a single intranasal dose of recombinant wrl 105 (h3n2) (a/okuda/57xa/finland/4/74) strain live attenuated infleunza virus vaccine. during the outbreak none of seven students who had been vaccinated suffered from influenza but an influenzal illness did occur in four of eleven who had received placeb ... | 1976 | 782969 |
| society, self, and mind in moral philosophy: the scottish moralists as precursors of symbolic interactionism. | many of the concepts central to symbolic interactionism were anticipated by the eighteenth century scottish moralists. the symbolic-interactionist and scottish moralist orientations both hold that society alone engenders uniquely human qualities, self-arises through sympathetic interaction, and mind and self reconstruct their environments. george h. mead's conception of though as internal dialogue between the "i" and "me" aspects of the self and his notion of the "generalized other" were foresha ... | 1976 | 801143 |
| human mitochondrial malic enzyme variants: properties of the different polymorphic forms. | 1. the human mitochondrial malic enzyme polymorphism was found to exist in the scottish population with similar allele frequencies to those reported previously for caucasian populations. 2. the mitochondrial malic enzyme variants mem1, mem2-1 and mem2 which form the polymorphism have been separated from the cytoplasmic malic enzyme and partially purified by deae sephadex chromatography. 3. the properties of the three mitochondrial malic enzyme variants were examined. no differences were found be ... | 1977 | 921213 |
| efficacy of live attenuated influenza a/scotland/74 (h3n2) virus vaccine against challenge with influenza a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) virus. | for evaluation of heterologous protection by live attenuated influenza virus vaccine, 42 healthy volunteers with low titers of or no antibody to a/scotland/74 (h3n2) and a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) influenza viruses were given live attenuated a/scotland/74 (h3n2) virus vaccine or placebo by the intranasal route with no resultant vaccine-related illness. seventeen of 21 vaccine recipients and none of 21 placebo recipients developed antibody conversion. thirty-seven days after administration of vaccin ... | 1977 | 925382 |
| epidemiology of human brucellosis. | | 1976 | 941010 |
| the mineral dust load of human lungs. | studies of the dust content of lungs from non-industrially exposed city dwellers have shown that many people build up during life a total dust load of 2 grammes or more. this dust load may include up to 17 x 10(6) mineral fibres large enough to be visible with the light microscope and 360 x 10(8) fibres visible only by electron-microscopy. all lungs examined contained a small percentage of fibres that appeared structurally similar to chrysotile asbestos. it was found that the total dust content ... | 1976 | 1016872 |
| a survey of the benefits and risks in the practice of radiology. | the findings from both animal and human studies on the radiation risk at low doses and low dose rates are far from conclusive, primarily due to statistical limitations. however, to arrive at some estimate of radiation risk, a conservative approach has been taken, and a linear extrapolation of radiation effects from high doses to low doses has been made. thus, it is assumed that any exposure to radiation carries some risk of somatic or genetic damage and that there is no threshold or safe dose. i ... | 1975 | 1097189 |
| the natural history of man in shetland. | | 1975 | 1184625 |
| echovirus type 4 infections in scotland, 1971-72. | an outbreak of infection due to echovirus 4 in scotland involving 194 cases during 1971-72 is described. clinical and epidemiological information was obtained and analysed for 181 patients, of whom 149 (82%) developed aseptic meningitis. the majority of cases were older children (39%) and young adults (40%), although the highest attack rate was in infants (10.5 per 100,000 population). an unusual feature of the outbreak was its biphasic nature with cases occurring largely in the same geographic ... | 1975 | 1209168 |
| clostridia isolated from faeces. | clostridia were isolated from human faecal samples from england, scotland, wales, usa, hong kong, uganda and japan. strains were identified on the basis of various biochemical reactions and on the type of fatty acid produced from glucose. analysis of these acids was by gas-liquid chromatography. clostridium paraputrificum was common in stool samples from england, scotland, wales, and usa, but rare in samples from hong kong, uganda and japan. | 1976 | 1263249 |
| health beliefs and promotion of hiv-preventive intentions among teenagers: a scottish perspective. | beliefs concerning the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and preventive behaviors were examined in a sample of 351 sexually active scottish teenagers. a postal questionnaire, including measures of variables specified by the health belief model (hbm) and preventive intentions, was employed. the relation between hbm measures and reported endorsement of hiv-preventive intentions was investigated. results indicated that, in general, respondents intended to use condoms with new sexual ... | 1992 | 1286655 |
| problems of drug abuse, hiv and aids: the burden of care in one general practice. | responsibility for many of the problems of intravenous drug abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection lies with community care agencies, such as general practitioners, community psychiatric and district nurses and drug agencies. it is in general practice that this burden is most clearly observed, given that general practitioners are in charge of the day-to-day care of patients. in an attempt to quantify this workload in an inner city practice with 11,200 patients, data were gathered ... | 1992 | 1419244 |
| students' and lecturers' preferred teaching strategies. | a survey of lecturers (n = 47) and students (n = 110) was undertaken to explore their preferred teaching strategies, using a questionnaire based on heron's (1977) dimensions of facilitator styles (human potential research project, university of surrey, guildford). overall it was found that the students tended to prefer a teacher-centred approach to teaching, whilst the lecturers preferred a student-centred approach. these findings are discussed in the light of current educational trends in the n ... | 1992 | 1428600 |
| the ergonomic analysis of a trauma resuscitation room. | ergonomics is the practical and scientific study of people in relation to their working environment. we describe its application to the operation of a trauma resuscitation room. we used specifically designed computer software. this methodology enables a unique and objective assessment of the design and operation of a clinical system. it may be particularly applicable to other hospital areas where the efficient interaction of staff, patients and equipment is crucial to the optimal clinical outcom ... | 1992 | 1506195 |
| hiv testing and assessment of risk of other sexually transmitted diseases. | the risk factors for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were assessed in individuals attending two different hiv antibody testing clinics: genitourinary medicine (gum) and an hiv counselling and screening clinic (csc) the risk of acquiring other sexually transmissible infections (std) was also assessed, and all patients were offered std screening. fewer stds were found in csc patients than in gum patients, but the results highlight the need to be aware of the possibility of ot ... | 1992 | 1548417 |
| use of serum from patients with polycythaemia or haemochromatosis for laboratory external quality assurance exercises. | some external quality assessment schemes (eqas) require large volumes of human serum. during a one year period, 595 units of blood were obtained from 87 patients with haemochromatosis and polycythaemia, who underwent therapeutic venesection at the edinburgh and south east scotland blood transfusion service. serum from 59% of these donations was used in the eqas for peptide hormones and related substances. the cost of the serum collection was 109 pounds/litre, but was only 33 pounds/litre of seru ... | 1992 | 1556241 |
| the descriptive epizootiology of phocine distemper in the uk during 1988/89. | the 'time, place, individual' approach, widely used in characterising human epidemics, was applied to the 1988 phocine distemper virus (pdv) epizootic affecting north sea seals. estimates of time of death from 157 (69%) of the 228 dead seals necropsied in 1988 indicated that the number of carcasses which were found more than 14 days post mortem increased as the epizootic progressed. although information provided by epizootic curves based on when and where carcasses were reported are affected by ... | 1992 | 1594933 |
| unusual pattern of influenza mortality in 1989/90. | | 1991 | 1683986 |
| "a poisoned tooth". | | 1992 | 1736787 |
| glasgow patients' attitude to doctors' dress and appearance. | three hundred out patients were surveyed by questionnaire to determine their views of doctors' dress and appearance. the majority felt that this was important. most patients did not mind a male doctor with an earring, a women in trousers or a man without a tie. a majority preferred their doctors to wear a white coat, be free of political badges and for men to have conventional length hair. older patients are stricter than young patients. most strict patients would accept more relaxed standards a ... | 1991 | 1765477 |
| distribution of oriental and german cockroaches, blatta orientalis and blattella germanica (dictyoptera), in the united kingdom. | results are presented of a survey carried out by rentokil ltd on the distribution of the oriental cockroach blatta orientalis l. and the german cockroach blattella germanica l. in the united kingdom. the known ranges of both species are increased considerably by the findings of the survey, with several new vice-county records for scotland (including the western isles), england and wales. the frequency at which blatta orientalis was observed in outdoor habitats may indicate that this species some ... | 1991 | 1773117 |
| aids: knowledge, skills and attitudes among vocational trainees and their trainers. | in order to assess the adequacy of learning about the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in vocational training for general practice, a postal questionnaire survey was carried out among trainers and their trainees in seven health regions of england and scotland. a total of 616 trainers (62%) and 538 trainees (58%) responded to the questionnaire asking about their knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding hiv and aids. trainees' principal difficu ... | 1991 | 1777293 |
| prevalence and natural history of periodontal disease in scotland--the medieval period (900-1600 a.d.). | the periodontal status of a scottish medieval population was studied. no individual over the age of 11 years had an entirely healthy periodontium. while gingivitis was widespread in the younger age groups, it was essentially a "contained" gingivitis which appeared to progress towards a periodontitis at a fairly constant but slow rate. the pattern of prevalence and distribution of gingivitis and periodontitis was similar to many modern epidemiological studies on natural dentitions but did not sup ... | 1991 | 1831502 |
| unexplained fluctuations in the risk for schizophrenia by month and year of birth. | variation in their year and month of birth was studied in the 13,661 schizophrenics born between 1914 and 1960 known to the scottish psychiatric case register. year-to-year fluctuations in the number of schizophrenics per 10,000 live births were outside chance limits. so were month-to-month fluctuations between january 1932 and december 1960, and this was largely due to fluctuations in the numbers of schizophrenics born in february, march, april and may. time-lagged correlations with mean monthl ... | 1991 | 1873628 |
| deaths in scotland during the 1989-90 influenza epidemic. | | 1991 | 1938380 |
| distribution of hiv and acute hepatitis b infection among drug injectors in glasgow. | this study compared the distributions of known human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and acute hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection among drug injectors in glasgow over a 3.5 year period. data were obtained from all relevant laboratory request forms submitted to glasgow's 3 virology laboratories during the period 1 january 1986 to 30 june 1989. the overall prevalence of hiv among those tested was 3.7% (66/1786). there were 125 cases of acute hbv infection. the male:female ratios for hiv and acute hbv ... | 1991 | 1958720 |
| aarskog syndrome. | | 1991 | 1999832 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection and pneumococcal bacteraemia in scotland. | | 1991 | 2071916 |
| human listeriosis in scotland 1967-1988. | in order to study the epidemiology of listeriosis from 1967-1988 in scotland, various sources of data were examined. these included reports by laboratories, reference laboratory records, hospital death and discharge records, death certificates and hospital laboratory records. cases were reported from 13 of scotland's 15 health boards. case ascertainment via laboratory reports to the communicable diseases (scotland) unit was validated in two health boards. a total of 198 cases was identified with ... | 1990 | 2111351 |
| hiv infection and community nursing staff in scotland--1. experience, practice and education. | to assess the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) for the work of community nursing staff, and to find out how community staff regard their contribution to the prevention of hiv infection, the care of people with aids and their preparation for this role was ascertained in a postal survey of one in five field staff carried out in scotland. the 1,205 respondents represent an 85% response rate. while only 3% of respondents had experience of patients with aids, 11% had been involved with k ... | 1990 | 2235598 |
| influenza surveillance. | | 1990 | 2272109 |
| edinburgh's community drug problem service--a pilot evaluation of methadone substitution. | the intravenous drug abusers of edinburgh are known to have a high prevalence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). a new service for the treatment of drug abusers in edinburgh was commenced in april 1988. in this service, oral methadone substitution is frequently used to try to reduce the level of behaviour known to increase the risk of transmission of hiv. a questionnaire-based pilot study of the outcomes of oral methadone substitution therapy in 24 clients is described. th ... | 1990 | 2332336 |
| exposure to influenza epidemics during gestation and adult schizophrenia. a 40-year study. | we attempted to replicate earlier findings of an association between exposure to influenza in the second trimester of gestation and adult schizophrenia. the number of live births, of births of future schizophrenics, and of cases of influenza reported to the ministry of health in denmark was ascertained by month from 1911 to 1950. the relationship between fetal exposure to influenza and adult schizophrenia was examined. it is possible that unknown factors produce excesses of both influenza and sc ... | 1990 | 2393346 |
| influenza and schizophrenia: helsinki vs edinburgh. | | 1990 | 2393347 |
| importance of a quality assurance scheme for factor viii assays in quality monitoring of human plasma destined for fractionation into factor viii concentrate. | a national quality assurance scheme has been established to monitor the validity of factor viii assays performed by the various laboratories of the scottish national blood transfusion service engaged in collection and processing of donor plasma destined for fractionation. the results over the first 3-year period show that comparable assay values can be obtained by participating centres using a common standard, despite differences in equipment, methods or substrate chosen for the one-stage assay. ... | 1989 | 2501933 |
| genetic linkage between huntington's disease and d4s10 (g8) in scottish families. | genetic linkage between huntington's disease (hd) and polymorphic dna markers at the d4s10 locus has been investigated in 16 scottish families. a maximum lod score of 3.499 at a recombination fraction of 0.07 was found, with 95% confidence limits of 0.02 and 0.22. only one obvious recombinant was detected, and the wide confidence limits probably reflect the large number of unaffected individuals whose risk could only be estimated empirically. | 1989 | 2524298 |
| hiv infection and scottish general practice: workload and current practice. | to estimate the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection on general practice, a postal survey was undertaken of one in three of all principals in scotland. of the 834 general practitioners who responded (78% response rate), 31% were working in practices with patients known to be infected with hiv. the estimated prevalence of known hiv infection in general practice was 19 per 100,000 population, and the estimated annual consultation rate for hiv related problems (including consultat ... | 1989 | 2556516 |
| human immunodeficiency virus in drug misusers and increased consultation in general practice. | the use of general practitioner services by a group of intravenous drug users was recorded over two two-year time periods 1984-85 and 1986-87. this was felt to represent the period of maximum change in awareness of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection by patients and medical staff. fifty patients were randomly selected: 25 who were hiv positive and 25 who were hiv negative. between the two time periods a dramatic increase in consultation rate for both high risk and infected patients atte ... | 1989 | 2558188 |
| haplotype distribution of the human phenylalanine hydroxylase locus in scotland and switzerland. | rflp haplotypes at the phenylalanine hydroxylase (pah) locus were determined in 45 nuclear caucasian families from switzerland and scotland. the rflps at the pah locus are highly informative, and prenatal diagnosis is possible in 85% of the families studied. the data were combined with the profiles previously observed in the danish population, in order to study the variation in rflp haplotype distribution among european populations. a total of 22 different haplotypes were observed in denmark, sw ... | 1989 | 2565077 |
| ethics of screening for hepatitis c virus. | | 1989 | 2572933 |
| frequency of delta f508 mutation on cystic fibrosis chromosomes in uk. | | 1989 | 2574356 |
| antenatal testing for human immunodeficiency virus. results from the royal college of obstetricians and gynaecologists' national study of hiv infection in pregnancy. | current policies on antenatal testing for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the main obstetric units of the united kingdom and the republic of ireland were surveyed by postal questionnaire; 294 of 299 units responded. hiv testing was available at 192 (65%) of the 294 units that responded. 414 hiv-positive pregnancies in 386 women were reported from 74 (25%) units. most were from scotland, the four thames regions, and ireland. in 46% of the hiv-positive women the infection was identified by a ... | 1989 | 2574370 |
| the epidemiology of echinococcus granulosus in great britain. v. the status of subspecies of echinococcus granulosus in great britain. | twenty-five years ago williams and sweatman suggested that in great britain there are two subspecies of echinococcus granulosus--e. granulosus granulosus and e. granulosus equinus. echinococcus granulosus granulosus does not mature either in foxes or in horses: e. granulosus equinus will mature in either. the prepatent period of e. granulosus granulosus in the definitive host is about 42 days while that of e. granulosus equinus is about 70 days. each subspecies has a characteristic morphology. m ... | 1989 | 2596902 |
| persistent and transient clones of salmonella typhimurium of phage type 141 recognized by biotyping. | among the 81 cultures of salmonella typhimurium of phage type 141 examined, 72 had been isolated from sheffield incidents in 1984-5 and 9 were scottish isolates from 1986-7. all of these cultures from diverse sources belonged to primary biotype 31; 79 were of full biotype 31beg and 2 anaerogenic cultures were of full biotype 31begj. this is the first known occasion on which an epidemic strain of s. typhimurium of phage type/biotype 141/31beg has been implicated in outbreaks of human or animal in ... | 1989 | 2645152 |
| pneumocystis carinii antibody testing. | sera from blood donors and patients from all over scotland were examined by indirect immunofluorescence using pneumocystis carinii antigen from infected rat lung. antibody was found in 76 of 488 (15.6%) of patients tested on clinical grounds but in only 13 of 148 (8.8%) blood donors. the antibody rates were higher in disease groups likely to have or develop p carinii pneumonia: in those with histologically confirmed or strongly suspected p carinii pneumonia the rate was 14 of 24 (58.3%); in thos ... | 1989 | 2671053 |
| staphylococcal food poisoning from sheep milk cheese. | cheese made from sheep milk was implicated in food-poisoning incidents in december 1984 and january 1985. bacteriological examination of batches of cheese failed to reveal a viable pathogen but enterotoxin a produced by staphylococcus aureus was present. this was the first time that enterotoxin was detected in a food produced in the uk which was associated with poisoning and from which viable staph. aureus could not be isolated. subsequent detailed examination of milk, yoghurt and cheese from th ... | 1989 | 2691265 |
| francis hay thomson--a man of art and science. | | 1989 | 2700927 |
| the management of children born to human immunodeficiency virus seropositive women. | increasing numbers of children born to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody-positive women are being identified, but guidelines as to their management are lacking. we have therefore established a paediatric counselling and screening clinic for managing such children in edinburgh. during a period of 3 years, 49 infants and children of 43 hiv seropositive women have been seen. after a median follow-up period of 23 months, four children were found to have clinical evidence of hiv disease whi ... | 1989 | 2708829 |
| no linkage of chromosome 5q11-q13 markers to schizophrenia in scottish families. | recent work suggests that an autosomal dominant gene for schizophrenia may be located on the 5q11-q13 region of chromosome 5 (refs 1 and 2): a report of schizophrenia associated with trisomy 5q11-q13 in two members of a family of chinese origin prompted the discovery of linkage with markers p105-599ha and p105-153ra in five icelandic and two english schizophrenic families. the strongest linkage was observed when the phenotype was broadly defined to include minor psychiatric diagnoses not traditi ... | 1989 | 2725644 |
| an assessment of the risks to the health of grazing animals from the radioactive contamination of pastures. | as a result of the chernobyl accident sheep and cattle in wales, cumbria and scotland became contaminated with radionuclides of caesium and iodine. in the worst case, the maximum levels of contamination were of the order of 4000 bq/kg of caesium-137 and 2000 bq/kg of caesium-134 in muscle and 2,000,000 bq/kg of iodine-131 in the thyroid gland. calculations show that the radiation dose rates to the animals from these burdens of the radionuclides of caesium would have been approximately one thousa ... | 1989 | 2736377 |
| human immunodeficiency virus detection: correlation with clinical progression in the edinburgh haemophiliac cohort. | hiv p24 antigenaemia and virus detection in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined in 16 of 18 haemophiliacs infected with hiv by a single batch of scottish national blood transfusion service factor viii concentrate. six (38%) had p24 antigenaemia and 11 (69%) had positive lymphocyte cultures. all seven patients with serious hiv disease (cdc group iv) had positive lymphocyte cultures whereas four (57%) had p24 antigenaemia. four of nine (44%) patients with asymptomatic hiv diseas ... | 1989 | 2765406 |
| variations in needle sharing practices among intravenous drug users in possil (glasgow). | glasgow has an intravenous drug using (ivdu) population which is probably larger but hitherto less infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) than ivdus elsewhere in scotland. this 1988 study of 50 glasgow ivdus reports disturbingly high rates of sharing injecting equipment, and points to imprisonment as a possible factor in increasing such risk taking behaviour. | 1989 | 2789083 |
| maternal influenza in the etiology of schizophrenia. | there are epidemiological reasons for suspecting that infections may contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia, and it is claimed that the birth cohort that was in utero during the 1957 influenza epidemic in helsinki, finland, now has an increased incidence of schizophrenia. three studies, all based on the admission statistics of scottish psychiatric hospitals, were therefore undertaken to determine whether those who were in utero during the influenza a epidemics of 1918 to 1919 and 1957 were ... | 1989 | 2802927 |
| genitourinary medicine in edinburgh: 1980-1987. | the variation in attendance at the department of genitourinary medicine in edinburgh was studied for the period 1980 to 1987. a general decrease in the diagnosis of most specific sexually acquired infections is noted, with the exception of genital warts, the incidence of which continues to escalate. these changes initially occurred within the homosexual male attenders, but the general trends have since been reflected by the heterosexual population. the possible effect of the human immunodeficien ... | 1989 | 2807897 |
| respiratory viruses in children admitted to hospital in edinburgh 1972-1985. | the temporal incidence of respiratory viruses identified in children admitted to an edinburgh hospital over a period of 14 years, 1972-1985, is described, respiratory syncytial (rs) virus was identified most often, usually (but not in 1979 and 1985) with single peaks of activity in the winter months. influenza virus infections were seen in the winter and spring but we failed to find evidence of interference between rs and influenza virus. of the viruses studied, the parainfluenza viruses were th ... | 1987 | 2822808 |
| detection of a human papilloma virus type 5 dna in a renal allograft patient from scotland. | a renal allograft recipient with small raised red scaly lesions on a forearm is described. the clinical and histological picture was that of similar lesions reported in some epidermodysplasia verruciformis patients. virological investigations revealed the presence of human papilloma virus type 5; this is the second report of the occurrence of this type in allograft patients. as human papilloma virus type 5 is known to have malignant potential, clinicians should be on the lookout for these banal- ... | 1988 | 2854081 |
| occurrence and properties of fy(att25)+ escherichia coli associated with diarrhoea in calves. | escherichia coli producing the adhesive antigen fy(att25) were isolated from 46 of 1341 (3.4 per cent) e coli isolated from calves on 20 of 164 (12.1 per cent) farms in scotland and england. twenty of the 46 calves had diarrhoea and in nine of these animals there were mixed infections with rotavirus, coronavirus, cryptosporidium and salmonella typhimurium. the f41 fimbrial adhesin was found on one of the fy(att25)+ e coli. this strain also produced heat stable enterotoxin. the remaining fy(att25 ... | 1987 | 2889286 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in the united kingdom: quarterly report 3. | up to 31 march 1988, 1429 cases meeting the world health organization/centers for disease control (u.s.a.) definition of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were reported in the u.k. of which 59 were in visitors and 1370 in u.k. residents. in the same period there were 8459 laboratory reports of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody-positive tests. since 1985 the median interval of 2 months between diagnosis and report of aids has not changed. most patients with kaposi's sarcoma ... | 1989 | 2915132 |
| challenges in clinical virology (1958-1974): a personal viewpoint. | some of the main challenges i encountered in clinical virology from 1958-1974 are described. in the earlier years there were two main areas of exploration, namely, neurological and respiratory infections. later, tests for hepatitis and for rubella were developed and these diseases became of increasing importance. | 1985 | 2993426 |
| injuries to a child in utero. | a man was charged with reckless driving in that it caused a collision in which a child of thirty-five weeks gestation, then in utero, was delivered alive but died shortly thereafter. objections by defence lawyers that no death had been caused within the meaning of the statute were rejected and an appeal on the same ground was refused. thereafter the man pleaded guilty. | 1989 | 2614367 |
| the relevance of elevated borrelia burgdorferi titres in localized scleroderma. | a 46-year-old man with a 2-year history of localized scleroderma of his right upper arm and elevated borrelia burgdorferi titres is described. the association of borrelia burgdorferi infection and localized scleroderma is discussed. | 1989 | 2605808 |
| serving the civil servants. | | 1989 | 2594518 |
| influenza and the 'spotter' general practitioner. | the title ;spotter' practitioner has come to refer particularly to influenza surveillance. worldwide, a variety of surveillance schemes have been developed, influenced by local health care systems. in the united kingdom general practitioners can contribute to the royal college of general practitioners' weekly returns service or to national or regional schemes. scotland has had a national system since 1971, supplemented by weekly laboratory returns and local employment and school absenteeism reco ... | 1988 | 3076906 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and drug misuse: the edinburgh experience. | during 1985 many drug abusers who lived in edinburgh were found to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). as a result an alternative counselling and screening clinic for testing for antibodies to hiv was established for use by drug abusers. four hundred and forty one patients were counselled in the first year, and over 60% were either drug abusers or their sexual contacts. one hundred and fourteen (26%) patients were positive for hiv antibody, and 100 (88%) of these were curren ... | 1987 | 3115484 |
| ontogeny of pulsatile gonadotrophin secretion and pituitary responsiveness in male puberty in man: a mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional study. | the onset of puberty is characterized by a sleep-associated increase in pulsatile lh secretion which is not observed in adults. the ontogeny of gonadotrophin secretion during pubertal maturation may reflect changes in endogenous lhrh secretion, pituitary sensitivity to lhrh and/or alterations in gonadal steroid feedback. to understand the interplay between these mechanisms, we have examined the pulsatile pattern of plasma lh, fsh, testosterone, oestradiol and prolactin between 20.00 and 09.00 h ... | 1989 | 2514245 |
| hiv antigen and antibody detection: variable responses to infection in the edinburgh haemophiliac cohort. | sequential serum samples from 18 haemophiliac patients exposed simultaneously to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv 1) in early 1984 were tested retrospectively for serological markers of infection. assay for total antibodies to hiv established that the time to seroconversion might be as long as 110 days after exposure to contaminated factor viii; serum samples were also tested by western blotting, by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for specific antibodies to envelope and core pr ... | 1988 | 3126920 |
| heroin users in general practice: ascertainment and features. | a case-control study of heroin users in general practice showed a prevalence of roughly two per 1000 of the urban population or four per "average" general practice list of patients. a method of studying heroin users who attend general practice was used that has advantages over existing techniques. thirty six heroin users had a statistically significantly higher yearly doctor-patient consultation rate than a group of matched controls. more heroin users also failed to attend appointments than cont ... | 1988 | 3126963 |
| scottish attitudes to aids. | recently many approaches have been used to educate the public about the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the impact of various campaigns and interventions is difficult to measure, but some indication of the cumulative effect can be monitored over time. this is a report of the results of such a study carried out in scotland in which the general public's awareness of and attitudes towards hiv and aids were measured in july 1986 and ... | 1988 | 3129121 |
| syringe exchange schemes for drug users in england and scotland. | in 1987 experimental schemes for distributing injecting equipment to intravenous drug users to help prevent the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus were started by the government. after six months the schemes were found to have been reasonably successful in attracting clients but were less successful in keeping them. it has been shown that equipment can be distributed to drug users on an exchange basis. many of the clients who were attracted to these schemes had had no treatment or other ... | 1988 | 3135891 |
| preventing the spread of hiv in injecting drug users--the experience of syringe-exchange schemes in england and scotland. | in 1987 the uk government launched experimental schemes for distributing injecting equipment to injecting drug users in order to help prevent the spread of human immunodeficiency virus. this paper reports on the first few months of the schemes, and provides some initial evidence of changes in clients' risk behaviours. the schemes have been reasonably successful in attracting clients, but are less successful in retaining them. schemes have demonstrated that equipment can be distributed to clients ... | 1988 | 3151932 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in the united kingdom: quarterly report i. the epidemic to 30 september 1987. | the surveillance of the epidemic of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the united kingdom is described. up to 30 september 1987, 1067 cases meeting the world health organization/centers for disease control (u.s.a.) definition of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were reported in the u.k. of these, 49 were in persons who came to the u.k. for diagnosis and treatment and 1018 were in u.k. residents. there were 7561 laboratory reports of hiv antibody-positive tests ... | 1988 | 3165108 |
| hiv testing in glasgow genito-urinary medicine clinics 1985-1987. | between 1 march 1985 and 28 february 1987, 1659 patients attending glasgow genito-urinary medicine (gum) clinics were tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). forty (2.4%) were positive. thirty-seven of these were homosexual (36/37) or bisexual (1/37) males. the overall prevalence of antibodies to hiv in this group was 3.9% (37/940) and showed no significant increase over the two year period. following the extensive media campaign in october 1986, the total numbers tested eac ... | 1988 | 3187497 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in the united kingdom: quarterly report 2. the epidemic to 31 december 1987, with special reference to children. | up to 31 december 1987, 1227 cases meeting the world health organization centers for disease control (u.s.a.) (who/cdc) definition of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were reported in the u.k., of which 54 were in persons who came to the u.k. for diagnosis and treatment and 1173 in u.k. residents. in the same period there were 8003 laboratory reports of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody-positive tests. the upward trend in the number of aids cases by quarter changed in the ... | 1988 | 3264561 |
| diagnosis and patterns of incidence of influenza, influenza-like illness and the common cold in general practice. | the incidence of influenza, influenza-like illness and the common cold during the influenza epidemics of 1972 and 1976 as reported to the weekly returns service of the royal college of general practitioners was examined by three regional areas and by age group. the results of a postal questionnaire concerned with diagnostic criteria used by participating doctors were also analysed. these two analyses were used to explore the validity of these diagnostic terms as reported in the weekly returns se ... | 1988 | 3265157 |
| 'discourses on the human physiology' by alexander monro primus (1697-1767). | | 1988 | 3276993 |
| twinning in human populations and in cattle exposed to air pollution from incinerators. | human populations and animals are often exposed to the airborne pollutants in plumes from incinerators. the incineration of chemical and other waste may release polychlorinated hydrocarbons, some of which have oestrogenic properties. increased numbers of twins had been reported anecdotally in cattle at risk from plumes from two incinerators near the town of bonnybridge in central scotland and also in cattle near a chemical factory in eire. it was decided to follow up these reports in central sco ... | 1988 | 3415922 |
| total body potassium measurement--the effect of fallout from chernobyl. | as a result of fallout from the nuclear accident at chernobyl in april 1986, the caesium radioisotopes, 134cs and 137cs, have been detected in man. a minor consequence of this is that total body potassium (tbk) measurements obtained from the whole body activity of 40k, a naturally occurring radioisotope of potassium, can be overestimated because of gamma spectrum overlap between 134cs and 40k. whole-body activities for 134cs and 40k were measured in 18 healthy adults (13 m, 5 f) in june/july, 19 ... | 1987 | 3427874 |
| evaluation of a fife 'novopen' clinic held within a diabetes patient education centre. | in common with other hospitals throughout the united kingdom, a diabetic patient education centre has been established at the victoria hospital, kirkcaldy. many activities now take place within the centre including a 'novopen' clinic at which insulin requiring diabetic patients are converted to a multiple injection method of delivering soluble human insulin. an evaluation of the novopen clinic, including the first 60 patients attending, has demonstrated a statistically significant fall in random ... | 1990 | 2243019 |
| salmonella in sewage effluent and the relationship to animal and human disease in the north of scotland. | during the period july 1982 to december 1984, the presence of salmonella organisms was investigated at weekly intervals in the sewage system and abattoir effluent of a town in the north of scotland. three hundred and fifteen isolations, representing 37 different serotypes, were made which included 20 different salmonella typhimurium phage types and four different s enteritidis phage types. ten of the serotypes were isolated from livestock in the district during the survey as well as in the perio ... | 1986 | 3532507 |
| the man behind the eponym. john ferguson smith (1888-1978). | | 1986 | 3544904 |