| the donation and transplantation of kidneys: should the law be changed? | it is now eighteen years on since the human tissue act 1961, but this legislation is still unchanged in england, scotland and wales. ian kennedy, in this paper, lays before us the law as it is, the problems of its interpretation and his opinion of what government should be doing to help clarify the situation and remove some of the problems which exist daily for the doctors who face the dilemma of seeking consent for transplants at the moment of extreme grief for the surviving spouses or relative ... | 1979 | 372528 |
| lung transplantation update. | this review has indicated that there is decreased activity in research of experimental lung transplantation and a virtual cessation of lung transplants in man. several groups are continuing active research in various aspects of the lung transplantation problems, but it is suspected that a greater effort will be required before transplantation of the lung will become commonplace for human patients. in the appendix attached to the bibliography, we have attempted to identify groups of investigators ... | 1977 | 331604 |
| antibodies and the aberdeen typhoid outbreak of 1964. ii. coombs', complement fixation and fimbrial agglutination tests. | in a previous paper (brodie, 1977) the value of the widal test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever was shown to be limited. evaluation of possible alternative tests showed that: (1) the sensitivity of the anti-human globulin (coombs') test appeared greater than that of the agglutination test but the length of time (48 h) before results were available rendered it of little value in rapid diagnosis: (2) the complement fixation test offered no particular help towards diagnosis; (3) immunized and non- ... | 1977 | 269194 |
| virus-induced papillomas of the alimentary tract of cattle. | an abattoir survey was carried out to determine the incidence and aetiology of squamous papillomas of the alimentary tract of cattle in scotland and north england as they were suspected of being involved in the genesis of alimentary carcinoma in certain localized geographical areas. a total of 7,746 cattle of a wide age range was examined. various subsets of this number were subjected to analyses of certain specific factors. the calculated overall incidence was 19% and the detailed site incidenc ... | 1978 | 212374 |
| gonorrhea in the homosexual man: frequency of infection by culture site. | the aims of this study were determine the frequencies of infection with neisseria gonorrhoeae at various sites in homosexual men who were attending clinics for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in central scotland and to appraise the diagnostic tests used. specimens for culture were taken from the urethra, pharynx, and anorectum of every homosexual man in the study. when the first cultures of pharyngeal and rectal specimens were negative, these cultures were repeated twice at weekly int ... | 1978 | 105412 |
| lower-solute milks and reduction of hypernatraemia in young glasgow infants. | | 1979 | 90929 |
| human toxocara infection in west of scotland. | | 1978 | 78086 |
| towards a new understanding of john hunter. | | 1978 | 75348 |
| comparison of the specificity of human and bovine tuberculin ppf for testing cattle. 3. national trial in great britain. | a field trial on a country-wide basis was undertaken to compare the specificity for bovine tuberculosis of single and comparative tuberculin tests in cattle using either weybridge human or weybridge bovine ppd. the tests were made on 10,305 cattle in 179 herds distributed throughout all regions of england, scotland and wales. results showed that a comparative tuberculin test using avian ppd with either human or bovine ppd had a much higher efficiency than a single injection of mammalian tubercul ... | 1975 | 47752 |
| human gene mapping 5. edinburgh conference (1979). fifth international workshop on human gene mapping. | | 1979 | 44241 |
| geochemistry and health in the united kingdom. | before the 1960s, comparisons between the distribution of trace elements in the environment and health in the united kingdom were primarily confined to ad hoc studies in areas associated with particular agricultural disorders or with unusual human mortality or morbidity records. more recently, increasing interest in the importance of trace elements in crop and animal production and in the hazards of environmental pollution have created a need for more systematic geochemical data. geochemical rec ... | 1979 | 43529 |
| health beliefs and promotion of hiv-preventive intentions among teenagers: a scottish perspective. | beliefs concerning the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and preventive behaviors were examined in a sample of 351 sexually active scottish teenagers. a postal questionnaire, including measures of variables specified by the health belief model (hbm) and preventive intentions, was employed. the relation between hbm measures and reported endorsement of hiv-preventive intentions was investigated. results indicated that, in general, respondents intended to use condoms with new sexual ... | 1992 | 1286655 |
| genetic and anthropological studies in the human adaptability section of the international biological programme. | in the u.k. contribution to the h.a. (human adaptibility) section of i.b.p., genetic and anthropological studies have focused on three concerns. first, attempts have been made in a number of investigation to gain additional descriptive information about the genetic compostition of the world's populations. concentrating on blood groups, blood enzymes, serum proteins and other polmorphic markers important gaps have been filled in our knowledge of the geographical paterns of human variation and of ... | 1976 | 8800 |
| human mitochondrial malic enzyme variants: properties of the different polymorphic forms. | 1. the human mitochondrial malic enzyme polymorphism was found to exist in the scottish population with similar allele frequencies to those reported previously for caucasian populations. 2. the mitochondrial malic enzyme variants mem1, mem2-1 and mem2 which form the polymorphism have been separated from the cytoplasmic malic enzyme and partially purified by deae sephadex chromatography. 3. the properties of the three mitochondrial malic enzyme variants were examined. no differences were found be ... | 1977 | 921213 |
| problems of drug abuse, hiv and aids: the burden of care in one general practice. | responsibility for many of the problems of intravenous drug abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection lies with community care agencies, such as general practitioners, community psychiatric and district nurses and drug agencies. it is in general practice that this burden is most clearly observed, given that general practitioners are in charge of the day-to-day care of patients. in an attempt to quantify this workload in an inner city practice with 11,200 patients, data were gathered ... | 1992 | 1419244 |
| society, self, and mind in moral philosophy: the scottish moralists as precursors of symbolic interactionism. | many of the concepts central to symbolic interactionism were anticipated by the eighteenth century scottish moralists. the symbolic-interactionist and scottish moralist orientations both hold that society alone engenders uniquely human qualities, self-arises through sympathetic interaction, and mind and self reconstruct their environments. george h. mead's conception of though as internal dialogue between the "i" and "me" aspects of the self and his notion of the "generalized other" were foresha ... | 1976 | 801143 |
| natural challenge of subjects vaccinated with wrl 105 strain live influenza vaccine in a residential community. | in the spring of 1975 an outbreak of influenza associated with influenza virus a/scotland/840/74 virus occurred in a residential college where the previous autumn some students had been immunised with a single intranasal dose of recombinant wrl 105 (h3n2) (a/okuda/57xa/finland/4/74) strain live attenuated infleunza virus vaccine. during the outbreak none of seven students who had been vaccinated suffered from influenza but an influenzal illness did occur in four of eleven who had received placeb ... | 1976 | 782969 |
| precipitating antibodies to cellular antigens in sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and other organ and nonorgan-specific autoimmune diseases. | the prevalence of three precipitating antibodies, anti-ss-a anti-ss-b, and rheumatoid arthritis precipitin (rap), reacting with an extract of the human lymphoid cell line wil2, was studied in the sicca syndrome, sjögren's syndrome with rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, various seronegative spondyloarthritides, and organ and nonorgan-specific autoimmune disease. anti-ss-a and snti-ss-b occurred most frequently in the sera of patients with the sicca syndrome whereas rap occurred most fre ... | 1978 | 686858 |
| tourist hepatitis in the west of scotland. | during the 6-year period (1971-76) 971 patients were admitted with acute viral hepatitis to different infectious units in the west of scotland. of these, 30 (3%) patients had tourist hepatitis. the majority (80%) acquired the infection in the subcontinents of africa and india or other tropical countries. the clinical spectrum of the illness in these patients ranged from mild to fulminant hepatitis. fifteen patients were specifically asked about their immunisation history prior to their travel an ... | 1978 | 675233 |
| bovine cysticercosis storm following the application of human slurry. | | 1978 | 644852 |
| hiv testing and assessment of risk of other sexually transmitted diseases. | the risk factors for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were assessed in individuals attending two different hiv antibody testing clinics: genitourinary medicine (gum) and an hiv counselling and screening clinic (csc) the risk of acquiring other sexually transmissible infections (std) was also assessed, and all patients were offered std screening. fewer stds were found in csc patients than in gum patients, but the results highlight the need to be aware of the possibility of ot ... | 1992 | 1548417 |
| single radial haemolysis: a survey of antibody titres in the highland region of scotland to recent strains of influenza a. | the single radial haemolysis test is conveniently practical and economical and promises to have wide applicability in the study of influenza antibodies in human populations. it can also be adapted for preliminary examination of new virus isolates during epidemics. using this test a rather higher proportion of the population in the highland region of scotland were found to possess antibody to a recent epidemic strain of influenza (a/scotland/74) than was the case in the south of england. antibody ... | 1978 | 621377 |
| the descriptive epizootiology of phocine distemper in the uk during 1988/89. | the 'time, place, individual' approach, widely used in characterising human epidemics, was applied to the 1988 phocine distemper virus (pdv) epizootic affecting north sea seals. estimates of time of death from 157 (69%) of the 228 dead seals necropsied in 1988 indicated that the number of carcasses which were found more than 14 days post mortem increased as the epizootic progressed. although information provided by epizootic curves based on when and where carcasses were reported are affected by ... | 1992 | 1594933 |
| babesiosis in man. | | 1979 | 574790 |
| babesiosis in man: a case from scotland. | | 1979 | 573650 |
| "a poisoned tooth". | | 1992 | 1736787 |
| the evolution of a course in human sexuality university of edinburgh, 1972-1978. | a short undergraduate course in human sexuality has been developed over a period of 7 years. the objectives, initially concerned with cognitive learning, shifted to affective aspects of the topic, introduced through a format of sexually explicit films and small-group discussions. continuing evaluation of successive courses by students has been particularly valuable in identifying helpful and unhelpful behaviour in group leaders, and has been used in their training. the evaluations also demonstra ... | 1979 | 537534 |
| stool viruses in babies in glasgow. i. hospital admissions with diarrhoea. | stools from 183 babies under 2 years of age admitted to ruchill hospital with diarrhoea were examined by electron microscopy, virus culture, bacterial culture and light microscopy. as far as possible, several stools were examined from each patient and the results showed rotaviruses, astroviruses and other viruses in association with symptoms, as well as the expected bacterial pathogens. examination of several stools from the same patient also showed that in this age group the viral flora of the ... | 1977 | 403233 |
| aids: knowledge, skills and attitudes among vocational trainees and their trainers. | in order to assess the adequacy of learning about the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in vocational training for general practice, a postal questionnaire survey was carried out among trainers and their trainees in seven health regions of england and scotland. a total of 616 trainers (62%) and 538 trainees (58%) responded to the questionnaire asking about their knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding hiv and aids. trainees' principal difficu ... | 1991 | 1777293 |
| persistence of a specific pseudomonas infection in a large general hospital. | of at least 37 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa distinguishable by their pyocine production, type 10 is noteworthy for its relative rarity and its virulence to man. opportunistic infections by this organism occurring in a single hospital over 8 years are described, and its ecology discussed with reference to its possible control. | 1977 | 402023 |
| efficacy of live attenuated influenza a/scotland/74 (h3n2) virus vaccine against challenge with influenza a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) virus. | for evaluation of heterologous protection by live attenuated influenza virus vaccine, 42 healthy volunteers with low titers of or no antibody to a/scotland/74 (h3n2) and a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) influenza viruses were given live attenuated a/scotland/74 (h3n2) virus vaccine or placebo by the intranasal route with no resultant vaccine-related illness. seventeen of 21 vaccine recipients and none of 21 placebo recipients developed antibody conversion. thirty-seven days after administration of vaccin ... | 1977 | 925382 |
| deaths in scotland during the 1989-90 influenza epidemic. | | 1991 | 1938380 |
| distribution of hiv and acute hepatitis b infection among drug injectors in glasgow. | this study compared the distributions of known human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and acute hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection among drug injectors in glasgow over a 3.5 year period. data were obtained from all relevant laboratory request forms submitted to glasgow's 3 virology laboratories during the period 1 january 1986 to 30 june 1989. the overall prevalence of hiv among those tested was 3.7% (66/1786). there were 125 cases of acute hbv infection. the male:female ratios for hiv and acute hbv ... | 1991 | 1958720 |
| the man behing the name: sir charles bell 1774-1842. | | 1977 | 323822 |
| [the man behind the syndrome. samuel a k wilson and hepatolenticular degeneration. the discovery of the connection with liver cirrhosis become a landmark for pathology and neurology]. | | 1991 | 1994168 |
| aarskog syndrome. | | 1991 | 1999832 |
| antoine lavoisier and the study of respiration: 200 years old. | antoine lavoisier has been called the father of modern chemistry. from a medical point of view, he introduced the study of respiration and metabolism and so founded biochemistry. with his experiments, our knowledge of how the body works made immense strides forward. two hundred years ago, he wrote his last authentic and untouched account of his views on respiration, in a letter to joseph black in edinburgh. this opportunity has been taken to briefly review this work and the life of a man who did ... | 1991 | 2003841 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection and pneumococcal bacteraemia in scotland. | | 1991 | 2071916 |
| epidemiology of human brucellosis. | | 1976 | 941010 |
| nurses and the law - 5. the mental health act. | | 1978 | 248731 |
| hiv infection and community nursing staff in scotland--1. experience, practice and education. | to assess the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) for the work of community nursing staff, and to find out how community staff regard their contribution to the prevention of hiv infection, the care of people with aids and their preparation for this role was ascertained in a postal survey of one in five field staff carried out in scotland. the 1,205 respondents represent an 85% response rate. while only 3% of respondents had experience of patients with aids, 11% had been involved with k ... | 1990 | 2235598 |
| c- and q-band polymorphisms in the chromosomes of three human populations. | the incidence of the various classes of c-band and q-band polymorphisms on ten pairs of chromosomes in the human complement have been investigated in three scottish populations, two from the mainland (newborn and 14 year olds) and one, of individuals over 65 years, from an island in the outer hebrides. although there is an overall similarity between the populations, there are some differences, especially with the island group. for all populations, over 90% of the c-band size variants fall within ... | 1976 | 962326 |
| the mineral dust load of human lungs. | studies of the dust content of lungs from non-industrially exposed city dwellers have shown that many people build up during life a total dust load of 2 grammes or more. this dust load may include up to 17 x 10(6) mineral fibres large enough to be visible with the light microscope and 360 x 10(8) fibres visible only by electron-microscopy. all lungs examined contained a small percentage of fibres that appeared structurally similar to chrysotile asbestos. it was found that the total dust content ... | 1976 | 1016872 |
| edinburgh's community drug problem service--a pilot evaluation of methadone substitution. | the intravenous drug abusers of edinburgh are known to have a high prevalence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). a new service for the treatment of drug abusers in edinburgh was commenced in april 1988. in this service, oral methadone substitution is frequently used to try to reduce the level of behaviour known to increase the risk of transmission of hiv. a questionnaire-based pilot study of the outcomes of oral methadone substitution therapy in 24 clients is described. th ... | 1990 | 2332336 |
| the effects of selection and human preference on coat colour gene frequencies in urban cats. | in an attempt to examine the possibility of selection on domestic cats populations in the urban environment, a number of surveys were conducted in four contrasting areas of glasgow--two near either extreme of western, industrial socioeconomic status. the first survey was in the form of a questionnaire to inhabitants enquiring of preference for a particular phenotype. this survey revealed a consistent preference for lighter phenotypes in all areas. the incidence of cat ownership was greatest in t ... | 1975 | 1060609 |
| influenza and schizophrenia: helsinki vs edinburgh. | | 1990 | 2393347 |
| a survey of the benefits and risks in the practice of radiology. | the findings from both animal and human studies on the radiation risk at low doses and low dose rates are far from conclusive, primarily due to statistical limitations. however, to arrive at some estimate of radiation risk, a conservative approach has been taken, and a linear extrapolation of radiation effects from high doses to low doses has been made. thus, it is assumed that any exposure to radiation carries some risk of somatic or genetic damage and that there is no threshold or safe dose. i ... | 1975 | 1097189 |
| the natural history of man in shetland. | | 1975 | 1184625 |
| echovirus type 4 infections in scotland, 1971-72. | an outbreak of infection due to echovirus 4 in scotland involving 194 cases during 1971-72 is described. clinical and epidemiological information was obtained and analysed for 181 patients, of whom 149 (82%) developed aseptic meningitis. the majority of cases were older children (39%) and young adults (40%), although the highest attack rate was in infants (10.5 per 100,000 population). an unusual feature of the outbreak was its biphasic nature with cases occurring largely in the same geographic ... | 1975 | 1209168 |
| hiv infection and scottish general practice: workload and current practice. | to estimate the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection on general practice, a postal survey was undertaken of one in three of all principals in scotland. of the 834 general practitioners who responded (78% response rate), 31% were working in practices with patients known to be infected with hiv. the estimated prevalence of known hiv infection in general practice was 19 per 100,000 population, and the estimated annual consultation rate for hiv related problems (including consultat ... | 1989 | 2556516 |
| human immunodeficiency virus in drug misusers and increased consultation in general practice. | the use of general practitioner services by a group of intravenous drug users was recorded over two two-year time periods 1984-85 and 1986-87. this was felt to represent the period of maximum change in awareness of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection by patients and medical staff. fifty patients were randomly selected: 25 who were hiv positive and 25 who were hiv negative. between the two time periods a dramatic increase in consultation rate for both high risk and infected patients atte ... | 1989 | 2558188 |
| low sex ratios of births in areas at risk from air pollution from incinerators, as shown by geographical analysis and 3-dimensional mapping. | previous research in environmental and occupational health has suggested that fluctuations in the sex ratios of births might provide a useful early warning to the possible health effects of toxins or other stresses in the environment. to examine further this hypothesis, we investigated the sex ratios of births in an area in central scotland which contained two incineration plants. analyses of the sex ratios, at various levels of geographical detail and using 3-dimensional mapping techniques, in ... | 1992 | 1428486 |
| students' and lecturers' preferred teaching strategies. | a survey of lecturers (n = 47) and students (n = 110) was undertaken to explore their preferred teaching strategies, using a questionnaire based on heron's (1977) dimensions of facilitator styles (human potential research project, university of surrey, guildford). overall it was found that the students tended to prefer a teacher-centred approach to teaching, whilst the lecturers preferred a student-centred approach. these findings are discussed in the light of current educational trends in the n ... | 1992 | 1428600 |
| laboratory examination for cryptosporidium spp in scotland. | to ascertain the present practices of scottish microbiological laboratories for examining faecal samples for cryptosporidium spp and to compare these with practices elsewhere. | 1992 | 1430263 |
| antenatal testing for human immunodeficiency virus. results from the royal college of obstetricians and gynaecologists' national study of hiv infection in pregnancy. | current policies on antenatal testing for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the main obstetric units of the united kingdom and the republic of ireland were surveyed by postal questionnaire; 294 of 299 units responded. hiv testing was available at 192 (65%) of the 294 units that responded. 414 hiv-positive pregnancies in 386 women were reported from 74 (25%) units. most were from scotland, the four thames regions, and ireland. in 46% of the hiv-positive women the infection was identified by a ... | 1989 | 2574370 |
| serving the civil servants. | | 1989 | 2594518 |
| coal workers' pneumoconiosis: a historical perspective on its pathogenesis. | the earliest observations on coal workers' pneumoconiosis identified fundamental factors and posed particular problems in its genesis. among the former, intensity of exposure and particle size were recognized, while argument commenced on the roles of stone dust, thus anticipating the quartz question, and of complicating pulmonary states, which introduced the idea of infection. major studies of the disease were precipitated by its greatly increased prevalence, which became evident among south wal ... | 1992 | 1463034 |
| the ergonomic analysis of a trauma resuscitation room. | ergonomics is the practical and scientific study of people in relation to their working environment. we describe its application to the operation of a trauma resuscitation room. we used specifically designed computer software. this methodology enables a unique and objective assessment of the design and operation of a clinical system. it may be particularly applicable to other hospital areas where the efficient interaction of staff, patients and equipment is crucial to the optimal clinical outcom ... | 1992 | 1506195 |
| use of serum from patients with polycythaemia or haemochromatosis for laboratory external quality assurance exercises. | some external quality assessment schemes (eqas) require large volumes of human serum. during a one year period, 595 units of blood were obtained from 87 patients with haemochromatosis and polycythaemia, who underwent therapeutic venesection at the edinburgh and south east scotland blood transfusion service. serum from 59% of these donations was used in the eqas for peptide hormones and related substances. the cost of the serum collection was 109 pounds/litre, but was only 33 pounds/litre of seru ... | 1992 | 1556241 |
| unusual pattern of influenza mortality in 1989/90. | | 1991 | 1683986 |
| pneumocystis carinii antibody testing. | sera from blood donors and patients from all over scotland were examined by indirect immunofluorescence using pneumocystis carinii antigen from infected rat lung. antibody was found in 76 of 488 (15.6%) of patients tested on clinical grounds but in only 13 of 148 (8.8%) blood donors. the antibody rates were higher in disease groups likely to have or develop p carinii pneumonia: in those with histologically confirmed or strongly suspected p carinii pneumonia the rate was 14 of 24 (58.3%); in thos ... | 1989 | 2671053 |
| the incidence of different cystic fibrosis mutations in the scottish population: effects on prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling. | we present an analysis of the frequency of 16 different cystic fibrosis (cf) mutant alleles in the scottish population. each allele was detected in dna amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) either directly on polyacrylamide gels, on agarose gels after restriction enzyme digestion, or by using allele specific oligonucleotides. among 506 cf chromosomes, of predominantly scottish origin, the frequencies of the different mutations were delta f508 0.71, g551d 0.05, g542x 0.04, r117h 0.01, ... | 1991 | 1713973 |
| glasgow patients' attitude to doctors' dress and appearance. | three hundred out patients were surveyed by questionnaire to determine their views of doctors' dress and appearance. the majority felt that this was important. most patients did not mind a male doctor with an earring, a women in trousers or a man without a tie. a majority preferred their doctors to wear a white coat, be free of political badges and for men to have conventional length hair. older patients are stricter than young patients. most strict patients would accept more relaxed standards a ... | 1991 | 1765477 |
| distribution of oriental and german cockroaches, blatta orientalis and blattella germanica (dictyoptera), in the united kingdom. | results are presented of a survey carried out by rentokil ltd on the distribution of the oriental cockroach blatta orientalis l. and the german cockroach blattella germanica l. in the united kingdom. the known ranges of both species are increased considerably by the findings of the survey, with several new vice-county records for scotland (including the western isles), england and wales. the frequency at which blatta orientalis was observed in outdoor habitats may indicate that this species some ... | 1991 | 1773117 |
| the management of children born to human immunodeficiency virus seropositive women. | increasing numbers of children born to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody-positive women are being identified, but guidelines as to their management are lacking. we have therefore established a paediatric counselling and screening clinic for managing such children in edinburgh. during a period of 3 years, 49 infants and children of 43 hiv seropositive women have been seen. after a median follow-up period of 23 months, four children were found to have clinical evidence of hiv disease whi ... | 1989 | 2708829 |
| no linkage of chromosome 5q11-q13 markers to schizophrenia in scottish families. | recent work suggests that an autosomal dominant gene for schizophrenia may be located on the 5q11-q13 region of chromosome 5 (refs 1 and 2): a report of schizophrenia associated with trisomy 5q11-q13 in two members of a family of chinese origin prompted the discovery of linkage with markers p105-599ha and p105-153ra in five icelandic and two english schizophrenic families. the strongest linkage was observed when the phenotype was broadly defined to include minor psychiatric diagnoses not traditi ... | 1989 | 2725644 |
| prevalence and natural history of periodontal disease in scotland--the medieval period (900-1600 a.d.). | the periodontal status of a scottish medieval population was studied. no individual over the age of 11 years had an entirely healthy periodontium. while gingivitis was widespread in the younger age groups, it was essentially a "contained" gingivitis which appeared to progress towards a periodontitis at a fairly constant but slow rate. the pattern of prevalence and distribution of gingivitis and periodontitis was similar to many modern epidemiological studies on natural dentitions but did not sup ... | 1991 | 1831502 |
| human immunodeficiency virus detection: correlation with clinical progression in the edinburgh haemophiliac cohort. | hiv p24 antigenaemia and virus detection in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined in 16 of 18 haemophiliacs infected with hiv by a single batch of scottish national blood transfusion service factor viii concentrate. six (38%) had p24 antigenaemia and 11 (69%) had positive lymphocyte cultures. all seven patients with serious hiv disease (cdc group iv) had positive lymphocyte cultures whereas four (57%) had p24 antigenaemia. four of nine (44%) patients with asymptomatic hiv diseas ... | 1989 | 2765406 |
| variations in needle sharing practices among intravenous drug users in possil (glasgow). | glasgow has an intravenous drug using (ivdu) population which is probably larger but hitherto less infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) than ivdus elsewhere in scotland. this 1988 study of 50 glasgow ivdus reports disturbingly high rates of sharing injecting equipment, and points to imprisonment as a possible factor in increasing such risk taking behaviour. | 1989 | 2789083 |
| maternal influenza in the etiology of schizophrenia. | there are epidemiological reasons for suspecting that infections may contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia, and it is claimed that the birth cohort that was in utero during the 1957 influenza epidemic in helsinki, finland, now has an increased incidence of schizophrenia. three studies, all based on the admission statistics of scottish psychiatric hospitals, were therefore undertaken to determine whether those who were in utero during the influenza a epidemics of 1918 to 1919 and 1957 were ... | 1989 | 2802927 |
| unexplained fluctuations in the risk for schizophrenia by month and year of birth. | variation in their year and month of birth was studied in the 13,661 schizophrenics born between 1914 and 1960 known to the scottish psychiatric case register. year-to-year fluctuations in the number of schizophrenics per 10,000 live births were outside chance limits. so were month-to-month fluctuations between january 1932 and december 1960, and this was largely due to fluctuations in the numbers of schizophrenics born in february, march, april and may. time-lagged correlations with mean monthl ... | 1991 | 1873628 |
| association within a family of a balanced autosomal translocation with major mental illness. | 282 pedigrees in the mrc cytogenetics registry, edinburgh, with familial autosomal anomalies were examined for the presence of associated mental illness. in one large pedigree there were 23 cases of mental and/or behavioural disorders meeting research diagnostic criteria. 34 of the 77 family members available for cytogenetic analysis carried a balanced translocation t(1:11) (q43,q21). psychiatric diagnoses had been recorded for 16 of the 34 members with the translocation compared with only 5 of ... | 1990 | 1973210 |
| respiratory viruses in children admitted to hospital in edinburgh 1972-1985. | the temporal incidence of respiratory viruses identified in children admitted to an edinburgh hospital over a period of 14 years, 1972-1985, is described, respiratory syncytial (rs) virus was identified most often, usually (but not in 1979 and 1985) with single peaks of activity in the winter months. influenza virus infections were seen in the winter and spring but we failed to find evidence of interference between rs and influenza virus. of the viruses studied, the parainfluenza viruses were th ... | 1987 | 2822808 |
| inviting infrequent attenders to attend for a health check: costs and benefits. | a total of 114 patients who had not attended their general practitioner in the previous three years were identified by searching a sample of 1488 records (12.8% of the practice list). an invitation for a health check was sent, in keeping with the requirements of the new general practitioner contract. seventeen out of 94 patients invited (18%) attended. surgery staff spent 28 hours and the practice doctors spent 15 hours on arranging and carrying out the investigation. the group responding to the ... | 1990 | 2107833 |
| human listeriosis in scotland 1967-1988. | in order to study the epidemiology of listeriosis from 1967-1988 in scotland, various sources of data were examined. these included reports by laboratories, reference laboratory records, hospital death and discharge records, death certificates and hospital laboratory records. cases were reported from 13 of scotland's 15 health boards. case ascertainment via laboratory reports to the communicable diseases (scotland) unit was validated in two health boards. a total of 198 cases was identified with ... | 1990 | 2111351 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in the united kingdom: quarterly report 3. | up to 31 march 1988, 1429 cases meeting the world health organization/centers for disease control (u.s.a.) definition of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were reported in the u.k. of which 59 were in visitors and 1370 in u.k. residents. in the same period there were 8459 laboratory reports of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody-positive tests. since 1985 the median interval of 2 months between diagnosis and report of aids has not changed. most patients with kaposi's sarcoma ... | 1989 | 2915132 |
| babies of hiv infected women in edinburgh. | acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) was first recognised in children in 1982. this paper describes a paediatric counselling and screening clinic in edinburgh for babies born to women who are human immunodeficiency virus positive. | 1989 | 2927329 |
| evaluation of a fife 'novopen' clinic held within a diabetes patient education centre. | in common with other hospitals throughout the united kingdom, a diabetic patient education centre has been established at the victoria hospital, kirkcaldy. many activities now take place within the centre including a 'novopen' clinic at which insulin requiring diabetic patients are converted to a multiple injection method of delivering soluble human insulin. an evaluation of the novopen clinic, including the first 60 patients attending, has demonstrated a statistically significant fall in random ... | 1990 | 2243019 |
| influenza surveillance. | | 1990 | 2272109 |
| exposure to influenza epidemics during gestation and adult schizophrenia. a 40-year study. | we attempted to replicate earlier findings of an association between exposure to influenza in the second trimester of gestation and adult schizophrenia. the number of live births, of births of future schizophrenics, and of cases of influenza reported to the ministry of health in denmark was ascertained by month from 1911 to 1950. the relationship between fetal exposure to influenza and adult schizophrenia was examined. it is possible that unknown factors produce excesses of both influenza and sc ... | 1990 | 2393346 |
| importance of a quality assurance scheme for factor viii assays in quality monitoring of human plasma destined for fractionation into factor viii concentrate. | a national quality assurance scheme has been established to monitor the validity of factor viii assays performed by the various laboratories of the scottish national blood transfusion service engaged in collection and processing of donor plasma destined for fractionation. the results over the first 3-year period show that comparable assay values can be obtained by participating centres using a common standard, despite differences in equipment, methods or substrate chosen for the one-stage assay. ... | 1989 | 2501933 |
| ontogeny of pulsatile gonadotrophin secretion and pituitary responsiveness in male puberty in man: a mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional study. | the onset of puberty is characterized by a sleep-associated increase in pulsatile lh secretion which is not observed in adults. the ontogeny of gonadotrophin secretion during pubertal maturation may reflect changes in endogenous lhrh secretion, pituitary sensitivity to lhrh and/or alterations in gonadal steroid feedback. to understand the interplay between these mechanisms, we have examined the pulsatile pattern of plasma lh, fsh, testosterone, oestradiol and prolactin between 20.00 and 09.00 h ... | 1989 | 2514245 |
| genetic linkage between huntington's disease and d4s10 (g8) in scottish families. | genetic linkage between huntington's disease (hd) and polymorphic dna markers at the d4s10 locus has been investigated in 16 scottish families. a maximum lod score of 3.499 at a recombination fraction of 0.07 was found, with 95% confidence limits of 0.02 and 0.22. only one obvious recombinant was detected, and the wide confidence limits probably reflect the large number of unaffected individuals whose risk could only be estimated empirically. | 1989 | 2524298 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and drug misuse: the edinburgh experience. | during 1985 many drug abusers who lived in edinburgh were found to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). as a result an alternative counselling and screening clinic for testing for antibodies to hiv was established for use by drug abusers. four hundred and forty one patients were counselled in the first year, and over 60% were either drug abusers or their sexual contacts. one hundred and fourteen (26%) patients were positive for hiv antibody, and 100 (88%) of these were curren ... | 1987 | 3115484 |
| heterosexual spread of human immunodeficiency virus in edinburgh. | heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was investigated in 123 subjects with no apparent risk factor for infection other than having had heterosexual intercourse with a person who was either infected with hiv or at high risk of being infected with it. seven subjects were found to be infected with the virus. risk factors for transmission included being the regular sexual partner of an abuser of intravenous drugs and having a sexual relationship of more than 18 months' dur ... | 1988 | 3126891 |
| hiv antigen and antibody detection: variable responses to infection in the edinburgh haemophiliac cohort. | sequential serum samples from 18 haemophiliac patients exposed simultaneously to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv 1) in early 1984 were tested retrospectively for serological markers of infection. assay for total antibodies to hiv established that the time to seroconversion might be as long as 110 days after exposure to contaminated factor viii; serum samples were also tested by western blotting, by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for specific antibodies to envelope and core pr ... | 1988 | 3126920 |
| heroin users in general practice: ascertainment and features. | a case-control study of heroin users in general practice showed a prevalence of roughly two per 1000 of the urban population or four per "average" general practice list of patients. a method of studying heroin users who attend general practice was used that has advantages over existing techniques. thirty six heroin users had a statistically significantly higher yearly doctor-patient consultation rate than a group of matched controls. more heroin users also failed to attend appointments than cont ... | 1988 | 3126963 |
| scottish attitudes to aids. | recently many approaches have been used to educate the public about the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the impact of various campaigns and interventions is difficult to measure, but some indication of the cumulative effect can be monitored over time. this is a report of the results of such a study carried out in scotland in which the general public's awareness of and attitudes towards hiv and aids were measured in july 1986 and ... | 1988 | 3129121 |
| clostridia isolated from faeces. | clostridia were isolated from human faecal samples from england, scotland, wales, usa, hong kong, uganda and japan. strains were identified on the basis of various biochemical reactions and on the type of fatty acid produced from glucose. analysis of these acids was by gas-liquid chromatography. clostridium paraputrificum was common in stool samples from england, scotland, wales, and usa, but rare in samples from hong kong, uganda and japan. | 1976 | 1263249 |
| preventing the spread of hiv in injecting drug users--the experience of syringe-exchange schemes in england and scotland. | in 1987 the uk government launched experimental schemes for distributing injecting equipment to injecting drug users in order to help prevent the spread of human immunodeficiency virus. this paper reports on the first few months of the schemes, and provides some initial evidence of changes in clients' risk behaviours. the schemes have been reasonably successful in attracting clients, but are less successful in retaining them. schemes have demonstrated that equipment can be distributed to clients ... | 1988 | 3151932 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in the united kingdom: quarterly report i. the epidemic to 30 september 1987. | the surveillance of the epidemic of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the united kingdom is described. up to 30 september 1987, 1067 cases meeting the world health organization/centers for disease control (u.s.a.) definition of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were reported in the u.k. of these, 49 were in persons who came to the u.k. for diagnosis and treatment and 1018 were in u.k. residents. there were 7561 laboratory reports of hiv antibody-positive tests ... | 1988 | 3165108 |
| hiv testing in glasgow genito-urinary medicine clinics 1985-1987. | between 1 march 1985 and 28 february 1987, 1659 patients attending glasgow genito-urinary medicine (gum) clinics were tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). forty (2.4%) were positive. thirty-seven of these were homosexual (36/37) or bisexual (1/37) males. the overall prevalence of antibodies to hiv in this group was 3.9% (37/940) and showed no significant increase over the two year period. following the extensive media campaign in october 1986, the total numbers tested eac ... | 1988 | 3187497 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in the united kingdom: quarterly report 2. the epidemic to 31 december 1987, with special reference to children. | up to 31 december 1987, 1227 cases meeting the world health organization centers for disease control (u.s.a.) (who/cdc) definition of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were reported in the u.k., of which 54 were in persons who came to the u.k. for diagnosis and treatment and 1173 in u.k. residents. in the same period there were 8003 laboratory reports of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody-positive tests. the upward trend in the number of aids cases by quarter changed in the ... | 1988 | 3264561 |
| selenium content of wheat for bread making in scotland and the relationship between glutathione peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.9) levels in whole blood and bread consumption. | the selenium content of the 1989 harvest of wheat used for bread making in scotland ranged from 0.028 microgram/g dry weight for home-grown wheat to 0.518 microgram/g for canadian wheat. the tonnage values indicate that 13.8% of the wheat used in bread making came from canada. this reflects in a calculated dietary intake of 31 micrograms/d which is well below the recommended levels of 70 and 55 micrograms for adult males and females respectively (national research council, 1989). the average glu ... | 1992 | 1390609 |
| prenatal exposure to influenza does not cause schizophrenia. | claims have been made that maternal infection with influenza during pregnancy is a cause of schizophrenia in the child. these assertions are based upon some apparently significant associations between the timing of influenza epidemics in the general population and birth rates of people who later suffered from schizophrenia. such associations have not been present in studies of the 1919 and 1957 epidemics, with sample sizes larger than those on which the claims were made. more decisively, in an i ... | 1992 | 1393309 |
| ethics of screening for hepatitis c virus. | | 1989 | 2572933 |
| frequency of delta f508 mutation on cystic fibrosis chromosomes in uk. | | 1989 | 2574356 |
| the epidemiology of echinococcus granulosus in great britain. v. the status of subspecies of echinococcus granulosus in great britain. | twenty-five years ago williams and sweatman suggested that in great britain there are two subspecies of echinococcus granulosus--e. granulosus granulosus and e. granulosus equinus. echinococcus granulosus granulosus does not mature either in foxes or in horses: e. granulosus equinus will mature in either. the prepatent period of e. granulosus granulosus in the definitive host is about 42 days while that of e. granulosus equinus is about 70 days. each subspecies has a characteristic morphology. m ... | 1989 | 2596902 |
| the relevance of elevated borrelia burgdorferi titres in localized scleroderma. | a 46-year-old man with a 2-year history of localized scleroderma of his right upper arm and elevated borrelia burgdorferi titres is described. the association of borrelia burgdorferi infection and localized scleroderma is discussed. | 1989 | 2605808 |
| injuries to a child in utero. | a man was charged with reckless driving in that it caused a collision in which a child of thirty-five weeks gestation, then in utero, was delivered alive but died shortly thereafter. objections by defence lawyers that no death had been caused within the meaning of the statute were rejected and an appeal on the same ground was refused. thereafter the man pleaded guilty. | 1989 | 2614367 |