| the emergence of west nile virus in north america: ecology, epidemiology, and surveillance. | in late summer 1999, the first domestically acquired human cases of wn encephalitis were documented in the usa. aggressive vector-control and public education efforts by state and local public health officials limited the extent of human involvement. the discovery of virus-infected, overwintering mosquitoes during the winter of 1999-2000, predicted renewed virus activity for the following spring, and prompted early season vector-control activities and disease surveillance efforts in nyc and the ... | 2002 | 12082991 |
| increased recognition of powassan encephalitis in the united states, 1999-2005. | powassan virus (powv) disease is a rare human disease caused by a tick-borne encephalitis group flavivirus maintained in a transmission cycle between ixodes cookei and other ixodid ticks and small and medium-sized mammals. during 1958-1998, only 27 powv disease cases (mostly powassan encephalitis) were reported from eastern canada and the northeastern united states (average, 0.7 cases per year). during 1999-2005, nine cases (described herein) of serologically confirmed powv disease were reported ... | 2008 | 18959500 |
| outbreak of powassan encephalitis--maine and vermont, 1999-2001. | powassan (pow) virus, a north american tickborne flavivirus related to the eastern hemisphere's tickborne encephalitis viruses, was first isolated from a patient with encephalitis in 1958. during 1958-1998, 27 human pow encephalitis cases were reported from canada and the northeastern united states. during september 1999-july 2001, four maine and vermont residents with encephalitis were found to be infected with pow virus. these persons were tested for other arbovirus infections found in the nor ... | 2001 | 11787585 |