| acquisition of clostridium difficile by hospitalized patients: evidence for colonized new admissions as a source of infection. | the frequency of introduction and spread of specific clostridium difficile strains among hospitalized patients were assessed by serial cultures of patients admitted to a medical-surgical ward with endemic c. difficile-associated diarrhea. stool cultures were obtained from 634 (94%) of 678 consecutive admissions to the ward (ward admissions), and all c. difficile isolates were typed by restriction endonuclease analysis. sixty-five ward admissions introduced c. difficile to the ward, and 54 initia ... | 1992 | 1323621 |
| nosocomial clostridium difficile colonisation and disease. | to assess the risk of acquiring clostridium difficile diarrhoea or colitis in patients colonised with c difficile, rectal swabs taken weekly for 9 weeks from patients with long-term (at least 7 days) hospital stays on three wards were cultured for c difficile. 60 (21%) of 282 patients were culture-positive for c difficile during their hospital stay, of whom 51 were symptom-free faecal excretors. c difficile diarrhoea developed in the other 9 patients; 2 were culture-positive for c difficile and ... | 1990 | 1975332 |
| clostridium difficile plasmid isolation as an epidemiologic tool. | a large hospital outbreak of clostridium difficile diarrhea at the minneapolis veterans administration medical center (mvamc) was studied by plasmid profile typing. plasmids were obtained from 30 (37%) of 82 clinical isolates from mvamc patients and 10 (67%) of 15 non-mvamc isolates. while bacteriophage plus bacteriocin typing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) plus bacterial agglutination typing proved more universally applicable, plasmid profiles may be useful for tracing isolated e ... | 1988 | 3134239 |
| ten years of prospective clostridium difficile-associated disease surveillance and treatment at the minneapolis va medical center, 1982-1991. | to understand the epidemiology, risks, and management of clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) and to establish and evaluate reliable methods of surveillance. | 1994 | 7632199 |
| cdad rates. | | 1995 | 7759818 |
| fecal incontinence in hospitalized patients who are acutely ill. | information about fecal incontinence experienced by patients in acute-care settings is lacking. the relationship of fecal incontinence to several well-known nosocomial or iatrogenic causes of diarrhea has not been determined. | 2000 | 10768587 |
| predictors of clostridium difficile colitis infections in hospitals. | hospital-level predictors of high rates of 'clostridium difficile-associated disease' (cdad) were evaluated in over 2300 hospitals across california, arizona, and minnesota. american hospital association data were used to determine hospital characteristics associated with high rates of cdad. significant correlations were found between hospital rates of cdad, common infections and other identified pathogens. hospitals in urban areas had higher average rates of cdad; yet, irrespective of geographi ... | 2008 | 17686193 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococcal colonization appears associated with increased mortality among allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. | there are no cohort studies describing outcomes of patients colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ahsct). we therefore conducted a retrospective cohort study of 217 consecutive adults undergoing ahsct at the mayo clinic (rochester, mn, usa) from 1998 to 2004. we analyzed the association between vre colonization prior to transplant and 100-day post transplant mortality and morbidity. we identified 22 pretransplant vre ... | 2008 | 18084341 |
| molecular epidemiology of clostridium difficile over the course of 10 years in a tertiary care hospital. | the molecular epidemiology of endemic and outbreak clostridium difficile strains across time is not well known. | 2009 | 19780659 |
| a targeted strategy to wipe out clostridium difficile. | this study evaluated daily cleaning with germicidal bleach wipes on wards with a high incidence of hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection (cdi). the intervention reduced hospital-acquired cdi incidence by 85%, from 24.2 to 3.6 cases per 10,000 patient-days, and prolonged the median time between hospital-acquired cdi cases from 8 to 80 days. | 2011 | 22011546 |
| antimicrobial use and risk for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | although antimicrobial use during and immediately after clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is discouraged, the frequency and consequences of such use are poorly defined. we sought to determine the frequency of non-cdi antimicrobial therapy during and after treatment for cdi, and the association of such therapy with recurrent disease. | 2011 | 21944159 |