| identification of plasmodium relictum causing mortality in penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) from são paulo zoo, brazil. | this study reports avian malaria caused by plasmodium relictum in magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) from são paulo zoo. the disease was highly infective among the birds and was clinically characterized by its acute course and high mortality. the penguins of são paulo zoo were housed for at least 2 years without malaria; however, they had always been maintained in an enclosure protected from mosquito exposure during the night period. when they presented pododermatitis, they were freed ... | 2010 | 20638795 |