| viral pollution of the rivers in toyama city. | viral pollution of the river water in toyama city was surveyed during the two-year period from july 1979 to july 1981, and the ecology of viruses in the river water is discussed. virus isolation from the river water samples, or from the water squeezed from cotton pads that were immersed in the stream for 3 days, was carried out by the "filter adsorption/elution" method. river waters were found to be contaminated with various species of enteric viruses, that is, poliovirus, echovirus, coxsackievi ... | 1984 | 6088954 |
| isolation of vaccine-derived type 1 polioviruses displaying similar properties to virulent wild strain mahoney from sewage in japan. | type 1, 2, and 3 vaccine-derived polioviruses were isolated from a sewage disposal plant located downstream of the oyabe river in toyama prefecture, japan, between october 1993 and september 1995. neurovirulence was analyzed in 13 type 1 vaccine-derived strains, using mutant analysis by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme cleavage (maprec). nine strains (69%) were estimated to have marked neurovirulence. some of the neutralizing antigenic sites, temperature sensitivity, and plaque-f ... | 2002 | 12226835 |
| [epidemiological surveillance for viral pollution of rivers in toyama prefecture]. | virus pollution of three rivers in toyama prefecture was surveyed over a long period in order to predict and to prevent water-born infection. | 2007 | 17461029 |
| evaluation of a two-dose administration of live oral poliovirus vaccine for wild and virulent vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1, 2, 3 strains in japan. | we evaluated the efficacy of japan's vaccination policy, a 2-dose administration of live oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) against wild and virulent vaccine-derived poliovirus (vdpv) type 1, 2, 3 strains, by investigating the neutralizing antibody titers of residents in toyama prefecture, japan. seropositivities against the virulent type 1 and 2 strains were more than 90%, but the values against the virulent type 3 strains were approximately 60%. also, while geometric mean antibody titers against vi ... | 2008 | 17907043 |
| assessment of efficacy of a live oral poliovirus vaccine for virulent sabin-like poliovirus 1 strains in japan. | virulent sabin-like poliovirus (vslp) was isolated from river and sewage waters between october 1993 and september 1995 in toyama prefecture, japan (yoshida et al., lancet 356, 1461-1463, 2000). in this study, to assess the possibility of an epidemic of poliomyelitis caused by a vslp in japan under the current vaccination policy of administration of live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (opv), we determined titers of serum neutralizing antibodies to poliovirus 1 (pv-1) strains sabin (vaccine s ... | 2006 | 16808333 |
| characterisation of vaccine-derived polioviruses isolated from sewage and river water in japan. | a nucleotide change from u to c at position 472 in the 5' non-coding region of the type 3 poliovirus is associated with increased neurovirulence. moreover, the proportion of type 3 polioviruses containing this mutation (472-c revertants) correlates with the neurovirulence of a particular sample. we used mutant analysis by pcr and restriction-enzyme cleavage (maprec) to estimate the neurovirulence of environmental samples obtained from toyama prefecture, japan. | 2000 | 11081527 |
| assessment of poliovirus eradication in japan: genomic analysis of polioviruses isolated from river water and sewage in toyama prefecture. | seventy-eight poliovirus strains isolated from river water and sewage in toyama prefecture, japan, during 1993 to 1995 were characterized by the pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) method and by partially sequencing the vp3 and vp1 regions of the viral genome. of these isolates, 36 were identified as sabin vaccine strains, and 42 were identified as vaccine variant strains that had less than 1.4% nucleotide divergence from the sabin strains, including 7 isolates with patterns diff ... | 2000 | 11055968 |