| epidemiology of giardiasis in wisconsin: increasing incidence of reported cases and unexplained seasonal trends. | giardia lamblia is the most commonly reported enteric pathogen in wisconsin. since giardiasis became a notifiable disease, the annual number of cases reported to the wisconsin division of health has increased more than 20-fold, from 2.2 cases per 100,000 population in 1981 to 49.1 cases per 100,000 population in 1988. to better understand the nature of this increasing trend, we reviewed records of g. lamblia infections reported to the wisconsin division of health from 1981 to 1988. although the ... | 1992 | 1636878 |
| results of testing for intestinal parasites by state diagnostic laboratories, united states, 1987. | we analyzed results of 216,275 stool specimens examined by the state diagnostic laboratories in 1987; parasites were found in 20.1%. percentages were highest for protozoans: giardia lamblia (7.2%), entamoeba coli and endolimax nana (4.2% each), blastocystis hominis (2.6%), entamoeba histolytica (0.9%), and cryptosporidium species (0.2%). identifications of giardia lamblia increased broadly from the 4.0% average found in 1979, with 40 states reporting increases and seven decreases. most states th ... | 1991 | 1779956 |
| recurrent outbreaks of giardiasis in a child day care center, wisconsin. | in the 19-month period september 1983-march 1985, three outbreaks of giardiasis occurred in one large child day care center. control measures instituted during each outbreak included case finding; pharmacologic treatment and follow-up testing of stool specimens for cases of giardia infection in day care children and staff, and their household contacts; facilitating and stressing personal and environmental hygiene, including altering diapering practices and teaching appropriate hand washing techn ... | 1989 | 2929809 |
| distribution of giardia duodenalis genotypes and subgenotypes in raw urban wastewater in milwaukee, wisconsin. | giardia cysts in 131 raw wastewater samples from milwaukee, wis., were genotyped by sequence analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase gene which showed the presence of two distinct genotypes (assemblages a and b) of giardia duodenalis. of the 131 samples, 111 belonged to assemblage a, and the remaining samples belonged to assemblage b. a high degree of genetic polymorphism was evident within the assemblage b cluster, with 10 distinct subgenotypes identified, eight of which have not been reporte ... | 2004 | 15184191 |