| detection of viral, bacterial, and parasitological rna or dna of nine intestinal pathogens in fecal samples archived as part of the english infectious intestinal disease study: assessment of the stability of target nucleic acid. | fecal samples were collected from cases and controls as part of the infectious intestinal disease (iid) study in england and were stored as frozen suspensions for 8 to 12 years. the purpose of this study was to apply pcr-based procedures to assess the stability of pathogen-specific nucleic acid sequences present in this archive. samples from which cryptosporidium, giardia, salmonella, campylobacter, enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaggec), enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens, rotaviruses ... | 2005 | 15905692 |
| increased incidence of nitroimidazole-refractory giardiasis at the hospital for tropical diseases, london: 2008-2013. | giardia intestinalis is the commonest gastrointestinal protozoal pathogen worldwide, and causes acute and chronic diarrhoea with malabsorption. first-line treatment is with a nitroimidazole, with a reported efficacy rate of 89%. failure of treatment can occur in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia or human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), or be due to nitroimidazole-resistant organisms. there is little evidence to guide the clinical management of nitroimidazole-refractory disease. we performed a r ... | 2015 | 25975511 |
| enteroaggregative escherichia coli: another cause of acute and chronic diarrhoea in england? | enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaggec) has been found to be associated with acute and persistent diarrhoea in children in developing countries. its clinical significance in developed countries has not been examined in much detail. in a survey of faecal samples from children with diarrhoea presenting to a children's hospital in east london between august and december 1988, eaggec strains were isolated in 8 of 297 (2.7%) consecutive stool samples collected from 289 children and in 5 of 34 typ ... | 1994 | 8126624 |
| occurrence and diversity of giardia duodenalis assemblages in livestock in the uk. | giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal parasite in humans and a wide range of livestock species. it is a genetically heterogeneous parasite that has been characterized in seven distinct genetic assemblages or cryptic species, and molecular markers can be used to differentiate both animal-specific and potentially zoonotic genotypes. little is known about g. duodenalis and the range of assemblages occurring in domestic livestock species in the uk. here, we present data on the occurrence and mol ... | 2014 | 23472706 |
| case-control study of risk factors for sporadic giardiasis and parasite assemblages in north west england. | giardia duodenalis is a major cause of infectious gastroenteritis worldwide, and it is diversified into eight genetic assemblages (a to h), which are distinguishable only by molecular typing. there is some evidence that the assemblages infecting humans (assemblages a and b) may have different transmission routes, but systematically acquired data, combining epidemiological and molecular findings, are required. we undertook a case-control study with giardia genotyping in north west england, to det ... | 2015 | 26157151 |
| determination of giardia duodenalis assemblages and multi-locus genotypes in patients with sporadic giardiasis from england. | the protozoan giardia duodenalis is a common but highly diverse human parasite that comprises a complex of seven morphologically identical genetic assemblages, further divided into sub-assemblages. there is very little information available on the diversity of giardia sub-assemblages and multi-locus genotypes infecting people in the united kingdom. in this study we studied the molecular epidemiology of giardia in symptomatic patients from north west england. | 2015 | 26338670 |
| prevalence, molecular typing and risk factor analysis for giardia duodenalis infections in dogs in a central london rescue shelter. | a cross-sectional survey to investigate canine infections with giardia duodenalis was undertaken at a central london rescue shelter between october 2006 and march 2007. the objectives of the study were to (i) estimate the prevalence of infection in dogs admitted to a london dog shelter using a commercially available elisa-based test kit; (ii) identify the relative importance of potential dog level risk factors for infection; and (iii) identify the occurrence of different g. duodenalis assemblage ... | 2010 | 20609523 |
| prevalence and clinical correlations of genetic subtypes of giardia lamblia in an urban setting. | the clinical significance of different genetic subtypes or assemblages of giardia lamblia is uncertain. cases of giardiasis in south-west london between 1999 and 2005 were studied, comparing molecular-typing results with clinical and epidemiological findings from routine surveillance. we identified 819 cases, of whom 389 returned surveillance questionnaires. a subset of 267 faecal samples was submitted for typing by sequencing of the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and ribosomal rna genes, and/ ... | 2010 | 20144251 |
| risk factors for sporadic giardiasis: a case-control study in southwestern england. | to investigate risk factors for sporadic infection with giardia lamblia acquired in the united kingdom, we conducted a matched case-control study in southwest england in 1998 and 1999. response rates to a postal questionnaire were 84% (232/276) for cases and 69% (574/828) for controls. in multivariable analysis, swallowing water while swimming (p<0.0001, odds ratio [or] 6.2, 95% confidence intervals [ci] 2.3 to 16.6), recreational fresh water contact (p=0.001, or 5.5, 95% ci 1.9 to 15.9), drinki ... | 2003 | 12603995 |
| outbreak of giardiasis in a daycare nursery. | seven children and one member of staff in a nursery in kent became ill with giardia lamblia infection in three months in a nursery in kent and three further children were found to carry giardia. person to person spread among young children who were not toilet trained appeared to be responsible. all staff and children were screened for infection, and the outbreak was controlled by reinforcing hygiene measures, and treating microbiologically confirmed cases and carriers with metronidazole. | 2000 | 11014038 |