| a cumulative review of studies on travellers, their experience of illness and the implications of these findings. | a cumulative review of illness experienced by 13,816 travellers returning to scotland since 1977, shows an overall attack rate of 36%. alimentary complaints predominated; 18% of travellers had these alone and a further 10% had other symptoms as well as their gastro-intestinal disorder. higher attack rates were noted in those taking package holidays. inexperience of travel, smoking, more southerly travel and younger age (particularly those between 20- and 29-years-old) were other contributing fac ... | 1990 | 2166766 |
| how necessary is immunoglobulin for travellers going abroad? | sera obtained from 511 travellers overseas from the west of scotland were tested for antibody to hepatitis a; 64 per cent were seropositive. the seropositivity rate varied with age, ranging from 30 per cent in those aged under 20 years to 89 per cent in those over 60. these findings indicate that the beneficial effect of giving immunoglobulin to prevent hepatitis a is likely to be high in younger travellers but becomes increasingly less necessary in older persons. | 1989 | 2541965 |
| hepatitis a in scotland--is it a continuing problem? | the prevalence of anti-hav in blood donors in west scotland and in children admitted to a glasgow hospital was determined. by the age of five years, 16% of the children had antibody and at 15 years, 30%. in adults, prevalence continued to rise with age, with 78% of those over 40 years showing evidence of past infection. cases of acute hepatitis a in west scotland have declined since 1983. at present the peak age group for infection is 25-34 years whereas in the early 80s the peak group was five ... | 1988 | 2840737 |
| control of hepatitis in dialysis units. | | 1972 | 4342643 |
| distribution of hepatitis a antibody over a process for the preparation of a high-purity factor viii concentrate. | the levels of hepatitis a antibody were studied in factor viii products manufactured by the scottish national blood transfusion service. it was found that the current high-purity factor viii product has no detectable hepatitis a antibody, whereas the superseded intermediate-purity product had significant antibody levels (6,700 miu/ml). although the finished high-potency factor viii product has no detectable hepatitis a antibody, significant levels of antibody are found in the early stages of pro ... | 1994 | 8091738 |
| concern about immunity to poliomyelitis following an outbreak of hepatitis a in glasgow. | we report a major outbreak of hepatitis a enteroviral infection in an area of deprived urban housing in glasgow. the epidemic was associated with contamination of the environment by refuse and sewage. this prompted us to investigate immunity to polioviruses. we examined samples of serum in 24 of 47 cases of hepatitis a for antibodies against polioviruses types 1, 2 and 3. titres were satisfactory in 82%, 100% and 35% respectively. these results highlight a need for further seroepidemiological st ... | 1993 | 8384231 |
| prevalence of immunity to hepatitis a in recruits to the british army and royal air force. | between 1989 and 1992, 92% of a sample of 2790 service recruits aged between 17 and 35 years (mean age 19 years 7 months) were found not to be immune to infection by hepatitis a virus. the proportion of males with immunity was consistently greater than that for females. there was a significantly increased probability of immunity if individuals originated from northern england, the midlands and scotland, in particular the suburbs. among male recruits there were significantly increased probabiliti ... | 1994 | 8907833 |
| frozen raspberries and hepatitis a. | an outbreak of 24 cases of hepatitis a in aberdeen was traced to a large hotel in the city by epidemiological investigation. food-specific questioning of those affected, their fellow diners and hotel staff, coupled with serological studies, implicated raspberry mousse prepared from frozen raspberries as the source of the infection. the raspberries were probably contaminated at the time of picking. | 1987 | 3030789 |