| the warm chain. | 1 series of events carried smallpox vaccination on an eastward odyssey; a 2nd path led westward from spain to spanish america, to the philippines, and to china. francisco xavier balmis (1753-1819), a spanish physician, sailed around the world in 3 years, establishing vaccination boards in south america, the philippines, and china. he led the "real expedicion martima de la vacuna," sponsored by the bourbon king charles iv; its success derived from arm-to-arm passage of the virus using orphan bo ... | 1985 | 12340730 |