| malaria transmission and vector biology in manarintsoa, high plateaux of madagascar. | to evaluate the factors which determine the transmission level of falciparum malaria, entomological and parasitological surveys were conducted from october 1988 to february 1990 in manarintsoa in the central highland plateaux of madagascar. mosquitoes were collected for 928 man-nights in pit shelters and indoor resting sites. malaria vectors were anopheles arabiensis and an. funestus, with no evidence of the presence of an. gambiae sensu stricto. vectors were mainly exophilic and zoophilic. the ... | 1990 | 2202220 |
| genetical investigations on zoophilic and exophilic anopheles arabiensis from antananarivo area (madagascar). | the presence of markedly zoophilic and exophilic anopheles arabiensis at alasora, near antananarivo, madagascar, is confirmed. this population of an. arabiensis appears clearly different in its feeding and resting behaviour when compared to those from continental africa, which, especially in west africa, show rather high degrees of anthropophily and endophily. genetical observations were carried out on material from alasora including polytene chromosome studies, multilocus genetic analysis and c ... | 1987 | 3508514 |
| [epidemiological malaria surveillance in 3 villages of the madagascar highlands]. | results of the epidemiological surveillance of falciparum malaria carried out since 1987 in three villages of the malagasy highlands are reported. they clearly show the unsteady endemo-epidemic characteristic of the disease with highly variable transmission levels according to foci. at manarintsoa, a south-western village 20km away from the capital, the disease has now fully disappeared after the ravage of 1986. but it might reappear with new imported cases and by lack of antivectorial measures. ... | 1993 | 8192540 |
| field trials of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 and bacillus sphaericus (strain 2362) formulations against anopheles arabiensis in the central highlands of madagascar. | malaria is highly endemic and unstable in the central highlands plateau of madagascar. the infection is seasonally transmitted by anopheles funestus and an. arabiensis. the latter species is abundant especially in rice-growing areas. the field efficacies of commercial formulations of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 and b. sphaericus (strain 2362) were assessed against an. arabiensis in 5 types of larval habitats. the granular formulation of b. thuringiensis (vectobac gr) provided very good control i ... | 1993 | 8245944 |
| [vector control in the epidemics of the madagascar highlands]. | the plateau, or more precisely the highlands, cover most of the central part of madagascar with an altitude higher than 1,000 m. there the climate is tropical with a wet and hot season, from october through april coincident with further outbreaks of malaria. this alternates with a dry season from may through september when the temperature is not favorable to the development of the vectors and the extrinsic cycle of the parasite. the malaria is unstable. the short season of transmission is someti ... | 1995 | 8784547 |
| [entomological surveillance in mauritius]. | the entomological surveillance is an essential link in the fight against malaria in mauritius. because of the large number of malaria-infected travellers in mauritius and the presence of the vector anopheles arabiensis, the risk of local transmission is very real. the medical entomology division together with the malaria control unit and the health appointees exert a rigorous entomological surveillance of malaria. field agents make entomological investigations of pilot villages and around the ha ... | 1995 | 8784549 |
| [malaria in antananarivo: evaluation of a post-epidemic situation]. | antananarivo has a population of close to one million inhabitants and is located in the highlands of madagascar. the capital was, until some years ago, thought to be a malaria transmission-free zone. however, between 1985 and 1990, several malaria cases occurred in the suburbs of antananarivo, along the ikopa river (the betsimitatatra plain), suggesting that local transmission was occurring. numerous malaria cases have since been reported by health workers each year, but there is insufficient ep ... | 1998 | 9794035 |
| high amounts of genetic differentiation between populations of the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis from west africa and eastern outer islands. | polymorphism at nine microsatellite loci was examined to assess the level of genetic differentiation between four anopheles arabiensis populations from senegal, the high plateau of madagascar, and reunion and mauritius islands. eight of nine loci showed great polymorphism (2-16 alleles/locus) and significant genetic differentiation was revealed between all four populations by f- and r-statistics, with fst estimates ranging from 0.080 to 0.215 and equivalent rst values ranging between 0.022 and 0 ... | 1999 | 10403334 |
| [evaluation of the vectorial capacity of anopheles arabiensis (diptera:culicidae) on the island of réunion: an approach to the health risk of malaria importation in an area of eradication]. | following intensive control measures, malaria was eradicated from la réunion island (indian ocean) in 1979. however, potential vectors remain in coastal areas and, each year public health services detect some imported cases from surrounding countries. anopheles arabiensis is the only species which can be responsible for local transmission though its brief life cycle and its exophilic and zoophilic behaviour were found to be key elements in maintaining the eradication status of the disease on the ... | 1999 | 10472451 |
| zoophily of anopheles arabiensis and an. gambiae in madagascar demonstrated by odour-baited entry traps. | in madagascar we used odour-baited entry traps (obets) for host choice tests of wild female anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) at representative localities on the east and west sides of the island (villages fenoarivo and tsararano, respectively) and at the southern margin of the central plateau (zazafotsy village, 800 m altitude). no insecticide house-spraying operations have been undertaken at these villages. odours from a man and a calf of similar mass, concealed in different tents, we ... | 2001 | 11297101 |
| [chromosomal polymorphism of populations of anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) from reunion island and cross-fertility among continental african populations]. | cytological examination of a sample of anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes from reunion island revealed the presence of an. arabiensis only. chromosomal polymorphisms were observed only for inversion 3ra, the standard homozygote form being predominant. cross-mating experiments with laboratory specimens originating from continental africa produced viable and fertile offspring with no chromosomal asynapsis observed in the f1 female progeny. there was no evidence for speciation of the reunion isla ... | 2001 | 11921546 |
| [ecoethology of vectors and transmission of malaria in the lowland rice growing region of mandritsara, madagascar ]. | to evaluate the determining factors of the malaria transmission in the northwest region of madagascar, transversal studies were carried out through one year, from march 1997 to april 1998, in two villages located near mandritsara, at less than 300 meters above sea level. the rice-growing region forms an intermediate zone between the central highlands with epidemic and instable malaria and the coastal zone with endemic and stable malaria. mosquitoes were collected when landing on humans during th ... | 2003 | 14717053 |
| malaria transmission in southern madagascar: influence of the environment and hydro-agricultural works in sub-arid and humid regions. part 1. entomological investigations. | a 4-year entomological study was carried out in southern madagascar to identify malaria vectors, evaluate the transmission and compare the influence of irrigation in the sub-arid and adjacent humid regions. three villages were involved in this entomological survey: androvasoa (located in the natural sub-arid ecosystem), pépiniére (sited at the centre of an irrigated rice scheme in the sub-arid region) and esana (bordered with rice fields in the humid region). mosquitoes were collected inside and ... | 2004 | 14732241 |
| [recent observations on the sensitivity to pyrethroids and ddt of anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus in the central highlands of madagascar; preliminary results on the absence of the kdr mutation in an. arabiensis]. | anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus are the principal vectors of malaria on the central highlands of madagascar. these two species of mosquito are directly or indirectly the targets of indoor insecticide spread. the survey of the susceptibility of these two vectors to insecticides is essential specifying for the anti-vectorial current directives and for the future programs. this paper describes: --the recent tests of susceptibility and the study of the knock-down effect of four pyrethroi ... | 2003 | 15678819 |
| population structure of anopheles arabiensis on la réunion island, indian ocean. | anopheles arabiensis, together with anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, are the most important vectors of human malaria in sub-saharan africa. the malaria situation keeps worsening, with 1 to 3 million deaths a year, and alternative strategies are needed to decrease malaria transmission intensity. in this paper, we studied the population structure of an. arabiensis from three sample sites on the remote indian ocean island of la réunion. our results showed strong genetic structuring between an. arab ... | 2005 | 16354815 |
| moderate transmission but high prevalence of malaria in madagascar. | malaria transmission remains poorly documented in areas of low transmission. a study has been carried out over two consecutive years in analamiranga, a village located at an altitude of 885m on the western edge of the malagasy highlands, with the aim of generating and updating malariometric indexes for both mosquitoes and schoolchildren. in this village, no vector control measures were performed during the study period nor during previous decades. mosquitoes were collected monthly when landing o ... | 2006 | 16842796 |
| [malaria in the urban highland area of antananarivo, madagascar: bioecology of anopheles arabiensis]. | an entomological study was performed to document the transmission of plasmodium, agents of human malaria in antananarivo, capital of madagascar. human landing mosquitoes were collected at night during two years, between may 2003 and september 2005, in the two sites of ambohimiandra-manakambahiny and ambolokandrina. the genuses of collected mosquitoes were, in order of abundance, culex, mansonia and anopheles. the only potential vector was anopheles arabiensis. its maximal abundance was observed ... | 2008 | 18956819 |
| field site selection: getting it right first time around. | the selection of suitable field sites for integrated control of anopheles mosquitoes using the sterile insect technique (sit) requires consideration of the full gamut of factors facing most proposed control strategies, but four criteria identify an ideal site: 1) a single malaria vector, 2) an unstructured, relatively low density target population, 3) isolation of the target population and 4) actual or potential malaria incidence. such a site can exist in a diverse range of situations or can be ... | 2009 | 19917079 |
| anthropophilic mosquitoes and malaria transmission in the eastern foothills of the central highlands of madagascar. | malaria remains a major public health problem in madagascar, as it is the first cause of morbidity in health care facilities. its transmission remains poorly documented. an entomological study was carried out over 1 year (october 2003-september 2004) in saharevo, a village located at an altitude of 900m on the eastern edge of the malagasy central highlands. mosquitoes were sampled weekly upon landing on human volunteers and in various resting-places. out of 5515 mosquitoes collected on humans, 3 ... | 2010 | 20804715 |
| spatial and temporal distribution patterns of anopheles arabiensis breeding sites in la reunion island - multi-year trend analysis of historical records from 1996-2009. | abstract: | 2011 | 21708013 |