| mccarthy's mouse. | | 1977 | 583968 |
| four cases of tyzzer's disease in foals in england. | a rodent pathogen, bacillus piliformis, has been recognised as causing a rapidly fatal hepatitis in 4 foals in england. the disease in foals has been recognised in america since 1973. a clinico-pathological account of the 4 cases is given and the differential diagnosis discussed. the 4 foals' ages fell within a very narrow range (24-34 days). some of the properties of this unusual intracellular pathogen are reviewed. for the first time in the equine the bacillus was seen in association with myoc ... | 1976 | 954720 |
| the effect of storage in slurry on the virulence of salmonella dublin. | the mouse was used as a model to determine whether storage of salmonella dublin in slurry and in broth reduces the virulence of the organism. no reduction in virulence of s. dublin stored in slurry for 36 days or in maintenance broth for 70 days was observed. the disease hazard involved in pasture-spreading of slurry contaminated with salmonellas is related to factors other than virulence. | 1975 | 1054060 |
| salmonellosis in wild mammals. | one thousand two hundred and sixty-nine freeliving, wild mammals, representative of 16 species from estates in berkshire, oxfordshire and surrey, were examined for the presence of salmonellas. salmonella typhimurium was isolated from 1 and s. dublin from 7 house mice (mus musculus). there were no isolations from the other species examined. it was concluded that the house-mice infected with s. dublin acquired the organism from experimentally infected cattle. the wild mammal population does not at ... | 1976 | 1068191 |
| thy-1, the enigmatic extrovert on the neuronal surface. | thy-1 is a small glycoprotein of 110 amino acids which, folded in the characteristic structure of an immunoglobulin variable domain, are enchored to the plasma membrane via a glycophosphatidylinositol (gpi) tail (fig. 1). it is a major component of the surface of various cell types, including neurons, at certain stages of their development. these qualities doubtlessly appeal to certain cognoscenti, but it is not clear why they would raise thy-1 to the status of a favourite molecule. indeed, few ... | 1992 | 1285421 |
| colonization of the mouse cadaver by flies in southern england. | | 1992 | 1421488 |
| scrapie-like encephalopathy in a greater kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros) which had not been fed ruminant-derived protein. | a 19-month-old greater kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros), whose dam had died 15 months earlier with spongiform encephalopathy, required euthanasia after developing severe ataxia and depression with an apparently sudden onset. no macroscopic abnormalities were detected on post mortem examination but a scrapie-like spongiform encephalomyelopathy was apparent on histopathological examination of brain and segments of spinal cord. negative stain electron microscopy of proteinase k-treated detergent ext ... | 1992 | 1604783 |
| dna instability, paternal irradiation and leukaemia in children around sellafield. | the chemical instability of dna under physiological conditions requires that cells have highly developed processes for repairing stochastic single-strand damage. it is proposed here that provided ionizing-radiation-induced single-strand damage does not occur at a rate sufficient to perturb the dynamic steady state between degradation and repair, it can be regarded as "irrelevant' to biological effect, leaving double-strand damage and dna-protein crosslinks as "relevant' damage to biological effe ... | 1991 | 1680140 |
| a small step for a mouse. | | 1990 | 1971328 |
| species composition and larval habitats of blowfly (calliphoridae) populations in upland areas in england and wales. | 1. bait trapping at upland sites in england and wales, mainly at 400-700 m altitude, showed that calliphora vomitoria l. usually outnumbered all other blowflies. c.vicina r.-d., c.loewi end. and c.alpina zett were usually present in much lower numbers, with the last-named occurring at north pennine sites, but being replaced by c.subalpina ringd. at a south pennine (peak district) and a welsh site. catches normally included cynomya mortuorum l., and phormia terraenovae r.-d. was present at about ... | 1990 | 2132970 |
| newcastle disease outbreaks in fowl in great britain during 1984. | during february to july 1984, 23 outbreaks of newcastle disease were confirmed in chickens in great britain. use of available mouse monoclonal antibodies enabled unequivocal identification of the virus responsible for 22 of the outbreaks as similar to the avian paramyxovirus type 1 (a/pmv-1) virus causing neurotropic disease in pigeons during 1983 and 1984. epidemiological investigations presented evidence that 19 of these outbreaks occurred either directly or indirectly as a result of spread fr ... | 1985 | 4071933 |
| toxicity tests on suspected warfarin resistant house mice (mus musculus l.). | | 1965 | 5212842 |
| the influence of environment on the mouse weight-gain test for estimating the toxicity of bordetella pertussis vaccines. | | 1969 | 5379952 |
| selection in natural populations. iv. british housemice (mus musculus). | | 1965 | 5883023 |
| thirteen cases of botulism in horses fed big bale silage. | an outbreak of pharyngeal and limb paresis involving four horses and nine ponies in the south east of england is described. nine of the animals died or were destroyed on humane grounds. the clinical features suggested a diagnosis of botulism and mouse innoculation tests confirmed the presence of type b toxin in the serum of one case. all animals were fed big bale silage. it is describe how, in plastic wrapped silage manufacture, conditions of fermentation may be inadequate to prevent the growth ... | 1984 | 6394315 |
| regulation of leishmania populations within the host. v. resistance to l.donovani in wild mice. | samples of wild mus musculus from two populations in areas endemic for leishmaniasis and from seven populations in non-endemic areas were found to be uniformly resistant when tested for their early response to leishmania donovani infection. males from one endemic and one non-endemic population were crossed to females from two inbred strains of mice carrying the susceptible allele for the innate resistance gene, lsh, on different genetic backgrounds. bimodality of liver parasite counts and a clos ... | 1983 | 6854699 |
| anthrax. william smith greenfield, m.d., f.r.c.p., professor superintendent, the brown animal sanatory institution (1878-81). concerning the priority due to him for the production of the first vaccine against anthrax. | the purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the fact that w. s. greenfield, working at the brown animal sanatory institution in london, prepared an effective vaccine against anthrax and described his results some months before the experiment of pasteur at pouilly-le-fort. partly through lack of financial support and partly due to opposition by the antivivisectionists, greenfield was forced to confine his experiments to a small number of animals, but his results were nevertheless conclusive ... | 1980 | 7007487 |
| failure to demonstrate the maintenance of leptospires by house mice (mus musculus) in the south east of england. | a total of 272 house mice (mus musculus) were trapped in farm buildings at four widely separated locations of south east england and examined for serological and bacteriological evidence of leptospiral infection. only two low titres to autumnalis antigen (1:20 and 1:40) were recorded and all mice were bacteriologically negative. the absence of leptospiral infection in the house mouse in south east england is an interesting ecological finding, as this species is a maintenance host for ballum in m ... | 1982 | 7100658 |
| the origins of the nk cell, or a canadian in king ivan's court. | before 1970, lymphocytes were classified as either of 2 cell types, t cells or b cells. using the new t-cell antigen, thy-1, the cytotoxic lymphocyte induced after alloimmunization was identified as a t cell. with the discovery that unimmunized lymphocytes could kill antibody-coated target cells, the search began to identify the effector cell. in 1973, while in ivan roitt's laboratory, we discovered "null" killer cells that were neither t nor b cells, indicating that a new class of killer lympho ... | 1994 | 7895426 |
| demonstration of lipooligosaccharide immunotype and capsule as virulence factors for neisseria meningitidis using an infant mouse intranasal infection model. | using an infant mouse intranasal infection model, we have compared the virulence of 17 epidemiologically related isolates of neisseria meningitidis associated with an outbreak of meningococcal disease in gloucestershire, uk, and one german isolate. the isolates were all of serotype 15 subtype p1:7, 16 and were identical by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, but differed in either (i) whether they were isolated from a case or a carrier, (ii) the presence or absence of group b caps ... | 1993 | 7912406 |
| genotype analysis of faecal and blood isolates of salmonella dublin from humans in england and wales. | an analysis of genotype was made for representative strains of salmonella dublin. the collection consisted primarily of strains isolated from humans in england and wales, and were of both intestinal and extra-intestinal origin. three genetic elements were characterized by dna hybridization. they were the spvbc genes, extrachromosomal virulence determinants, the salmonella-specific insertion sequence is200, and the 16s ribosomal rna genes, a phylogenetic marker. two clones of s. dublin (sdri and ... | 1993 | 8097167 |
| genetic and antigenic analysis of an equine influenza h 3 isolate from the 1989 epidemic. | the haemagglutinin (ha) gene from the equine influenza h3n8 isolate suffolk/89 has been cloned by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification. the nucleotide sequence of the ha gene was determined from two independently cloned copies of the gene and was found to be most closely related to recent american isolates supporting the idea that most isolates of equine h3n8 are evolving as a single lineage. when the predicted amino acid sequence of the suffolk/89 ha was examined, c ... | 1993 | 8503788 |
| sporadic creutzfeldt-jakob disease in the united kingdom: analysis of epidemiological surveillance data for 1970-96. | to identify changes in the occurrence of creutzfeldt-jakob disease that might be related to the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. | 1997 | 9277601 |
| finding a mouse: the international mouse strain resource (imsr). | | 1999 | 10098412 |
| helminth infections in apodemus sylvaticus in southern england: interactive effects of host age, sex and year on the prevalence and abundance of infections. | helminth parasites were studied in the wood mouse, apodemus sylvaticus, in southern england in september of each of four successive years (1994-1997). nine species of helminths were recorded: five nematodes (heligmosomoides polygyrus, syphacia stroma, pelodera strongyloides, trichuris muris, capillaria murissylvatici), two cestodes (microsomacanthus crenata, taenia taeniaeformis) and two trematodes (corrigia vitta, brachylaemus recurvum). in total, 134 mice were examined and 91.8% carried at lea ... | 1999 | 10431369 |
| seasonal and spatial changes in blowfly production from small and large carcasses at durham in lowland northeast england. | colonization by blowflies (diptera: calliphoridae) of mouse carcasses exposed in open agricultural land near durham (54 45'n) changed from early spring monopolization by calliphora vicina r.-d. to a summer pattern of multiple species exploitation by this species together with lucilia caesar l., l. illustris mg., l. silvarum mg., l. sericata mg. and l. richardsi collin. in a garden at the edge of durham, mouse carcasses were dominated by c. vicina from spring to autumn. difference in mouse coloni ... | 1999 | 10514049 |
| environmental effects of radionuclides--observations on natural ecosystems. | to better quantify risk to non-human species from exposure to environmental radioactivity, understanding of the behaviour of radionuclides in the biosphere needs to be increased. this study outlines current thinking on ecological risk assessment (era) methodology and applies the indicator species or critical groups approach to biota inhabiting a semi-natural coniferous woodland contaminated with the radionuclides 137cs, 238pu, 239+240pu and 241am. the majority of these radionuclides originate fr ... | 2000 | 10750953 |
| seasonal and site specific variation in the component community structure of intestinal helminths in apodemus sylvaticus from three contrasting habitats in south-east england. | seasonal fluctuations in the prevalence and abundance of infection with intestinal helminths were studied in apodemus sylvaticus (wood mouse, n = 399), from three contrasting habitats in southern england, to test the hypothesis that both intrinsic (host sex, age) and extrinsic (season, site) factors influence parasite species richness and abundance. five species of helminths were recovered but only one of these (capillaria murissylvatici) was site-specific (dungeness). total species richness was ... | 2000 | 10831048 |
| patent suit on alzheimer's mouse rejected...but controversy over rights lingers on. | | 2000 | 10890416 |
| advances in ultrasound: from microscanning to telerobotics. | this paper is in memory of w v mayneord (1902-1988). experiments conducted in mayneord's laboratory were amongst the first to show that ultrasound had diagnostic potential. now, one in every four imaging studies uses ultrasound. amongst numerous contemporary advances, microscanning is concerned with imaging subcentimetre size volumes of tissue in three dimensions with 10-100 microns resolution. the traditional approach is by pulse echo imaging, with a focused ultrasonic beam in the frequency ran ... | 2000 | 11144789 |
| research in the canine block. | this article, in honor of dr. anne mclaren, describes research done during 1955-1959 in the canine block at the royal veterinary college, london. during that period, anne in collaboration with the author demonstrated that cultured mouse preimplantation embryos could develop into normal mice after transfer to surrogate mothers. we also studied in depth the control of variability of experimental animals and reproductive aging. in recalling this period, i reminisce about anne and the scientific env ... | 2001 | 11417886 |
| of microbes, mice and man. | this chapter reviews my 18 years of research in anne's unit including studies on temporal and spatial aspects of x-chromosome inactivation and imprinting and the role of methylation in x-inactivation in these processes during female mouse embryo development. to enable molecular studies of embryos, we developed a plethora of single cell assays for specific enzyme activity, gene mutation and methylation, and rna transcription. while in anne's unit, i used these same single cell assays to pioneer t ... | 2001 | 11417891 |
| the case of the midwife scientist. | genes controlling both testis determining and expression of the male-specific transplantation antigen, hy, are located on the short arm of the mouse y chromosome, and on the x and y-linked translocation, sxr(a). a mutation of sxr(a) was discovered in a cross between an sxr carrier male and a t16h/x female. this was designated sxr(b) and found to affect both the expression of hy and spermatogenesis, but not testis differentiation, thereby disproving ohno's hypothesis that hy controlled testis det ... | 2001 | 11417893 |
| twenty years of research on primordial germ cells. | just twenty years ago i was preparing a research project centred on establishing methods for the isolation and culture of mouse primordial germ cells (pgcs). the project had been suggested to me by anne mclaren and was to be developed at the medical research council (mrc) "mammalian development unit" in london under the direction of anne herself. at that time i was a young postdoctoral researcher at the institute of histology and embryology of the university of rome "la sapienza" and did not ima ... | 2001 | 11417894 |
| reproductive ageing and the menopause. | this brief review describes early work initiated by anne mclaren and john biggers, in which they repeated on mice a very early experiment carried out by john hunter on pigs, to test the effect of unilateral ovariectomy on subsequent breeding performance. this and subsequent experiments led to the conclusion that reproductive ageing in the female mouse was largely due to ageing changes in the uterus. as a result of these changes fewer implanted blastocysts are carried to term in the older females ... | 2001 | 11417906 |
| host specificity of trypanosoma (herpetosoma) species: evidence that bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) carry only one t. (h.) evotomys 18s rrna genotype but wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) carry at least two polyphyletic parasites. | the strongest evidence for host specificity of mammalian trypanosomes comes from parasites of the subgenus trypanosoma (herpetosoma). laboratory studies have shown that t. (herpetosoma) species will not infect an alternative host. however, this has not been demonstrated in wild populations. we screened 560 bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) and 148 wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) for trypanosomes by pcr amplification of the 18s rrna gene. in total, 109 (19%) bank voles and 12 (8%) wood mice we ... | 2002 | 11860034 |
| case report: rapid ante-mortem diagnosis of a human case of rabies imported into the uk from the philippines. | the united kingdom is free from rabies, with the last human death from indigenous rabies recorded in 1902. however, between 1946 and 2000, 20 deaths were reported in the united kingdom in people who were bitten and infected while abroad in rabies endemic areas. the rapid diagnosis of suspected human rabies cases influences the use of anti-rabies post-exposure prophylaxis for potential contacts with the victim. in addition, the occurrence of a human rabies case requires urgent investigation to su ... | 2003 | 12436491 |
| a nice development: the first joint meeting of the british and french societies for developmental biology, 13-16th september, 2003, nice, france. | held this autumn on the beautiful cote d'azur, the first joint meeting of the bsdb and sfbd provided delegates with the perfect informal setting for discussion spanning a broad cross-section of developmental biology. participants' interests were diverse, ranging from the implementation of genome-wide approaches aimed at identifying all the molecular components of cell proliferation, signalling, patterning, and morphogenesis, to those engaged in capturing mesmerising glimpses of the minute and in ... | 2004 | 15162518 |
| changes in the interleukin-6/soluble interleukin-6 receptor axis in meningococcal septic shock. | interleukin-6 is strongly associated with disease severity and outcome in meningococcal septicemia. it is known that interleukin-6 exerts many of its effects via the soluble interleukin-6 receptor. by facilitating the activity of interleukin-6, it is likely that alterations in the levels of soluble interleukin-6 receptor in septic shock could affect the severity of disease. we aimed to investigate changes in the levels of interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-6 receptor in acute meningococcal se ... | 2005 | 16096463 |
| the consortium for metabonomic toxicology (comet): aims, activities and achievements. | the utility of metabonomics in the evaluation of xenobiotic toxicity has been comprehensively assessed by the consortium for metabonomic toxicology (comet), formed between five major pharmaceutical companies and imperial college london, uk. the main objectives were to assess methodologies, to generate a metabonomic database using (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy of rodent urine and blood serum and to build a predictive expert system for target organ toxicity. the analytic and b ... | 2005 | 16207146 |
| bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the south-west region of england: a survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle. | in the united kingdom, badgers are implicated in the transmission of mycobacterium bovis to cattle, but little information is available on the potential role of other wild mammals. this paper presents the results of the largest systematic uk survey of m. bovis infection in other wild mammals. mammal carcasses (4715) from throughout the south-west region of england were subjected to a systematic post mortem examination, microbiological culture of tissues and spoligotyping of isolates. infection w ... | 2007 | 16434219 |
| apolipoprotein a-v, triglycerides and risk of coronary artery disease: the prospective epic-norfolk population study. | in mouse models, apolipoprotein a-v (apoa-v) exhibits triglyceride (tg)-lowering effects. we investigated the apoa-v/tg relationship and the association of apoa-v with coronary artery disease (cad) risk by determining serum apoa-v levels and genotypes in a nested case-control (n = 1,034/2,031) study. both univariate and multivariate apoa-v levels showed no association with future cad (p = 0.4 and 0.5, respectively). unexpectedly, there was a significant positive correlation between serum apoa-v ... | 2006 | 16769999 |
| the occurrence of the trematode plagiorchis muris in the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus in north yorkshire, uk. | wood mice apodemus sylvaticus were trapped each september over a 13-year period, from 1993 to 2005, in a wooded area adjacent to malham tarn, yorkshire, uk. plagiorchis muris was found to be the dominant intestinal trematode and occurred in every year of sampling, with an overall prevalence of 16.9%. this appears to be the first record of p. muris in a. sylvaticus within the uk. the mean worm burden was 2.03 and the distribution of the parasite within mice was typically overdispersed. no differe ... | 2007 | 17381868 |
| serological survey of virus infection among wild house mice (mus domesticus) in the uk. | the serological prevalence of 13 murine viruses was surveyed among 103 wild-caught and 51 captive-bred house mice (mus domesticus), originating from several trapping locations in northwest england, using blood samples obtained during routine health screening of an established wild mouse colony. a high proportion of recently caught wild mice were seropositive for mouse hepatitis virus (86%), mouse cytomegalovirus (79%), mouse thymic virus (78%), mouse adenovirus (68%), mouse parvovirus (59%) and ... | 2007 | 17430622 |
| a computer-based aid for communication between patients with limited english and their clinicians, using symbols and digitised speech. | problems of communication are an important barrier on the pathway to healthcare for patients with limited or no ability in the majority language of the country in which they live. solutions involving interpreters who have to be booked in advance, or using unqualified friends or family members to translate, are highly unsatisfactory. | 2008 | 18061536 |
| the urban house mouse (mus domesticus) as a reservoir of infection for the human parasite toxoplasma gondii: an unrecognised public health issue? | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting almost all warm-blooded animals. the cat is the definitive host and becomes infected by consuming contaminated meat or infected prey. humans can act as intermediate hosts and in healthy individuals the infection is mild and self-limiting. in pregnant women it can cause spontaneous abortions and foetal abnormalities and is capable of inducing serious illness in immuno-compromised patients. in infested dwellings, mice could act as inte ... | 2008 | 18569146 |
| evaluating the role of lpin1 variation in insulin resistance, body weight, and human lipodystrophy in u.k. populations. | loss of lipin 1 activity causes lipodystrophy and insulin resistance in the fld mouse, and lpin1 expression and common genetic variation were recently suggested to influence adiposity and insulin sensitivity in humans. we aimed to conduct a comprehensive association study to clarify the influence of common lpin1 variation on adiposity and insulin sensitivity in u.k. populations and to examine the role of lpin1 mutations in insulin resistance syndromes. | 2008 | 18591397 |
| the influence of climatic conditions on long-term changes in the helminth fauna of terrestrial molluscs and the implications for parasite transmission in southern england. | the influence of climatic conditions on the prevalence and transmission of helminth parasites in a terrestrial mollusc population was studied in a grassland site in southern england between 1974 and 1983. molluscs were sampled in each september of 5 years over this period (1974, 1976, 1979, 1981, 1983). climatic conditions had a variable effect on parasite prevalence. trematode sporocyst infections increased after wet summer and warm winter conditions and declined in hot, dry periods. cestode in ... | 2008 | 18598579 |
| age of onset and death in inherited prion disease are heritable. | the common polymorphism at codon 129 of the prion protein gene (prnp) is known to affect prion disease susceptibility, incubation period and phenotype. mouse quantitative trait locus (qtl) studies demonstrate multiple modifiers of incubation time unlinked to prnp, suggesting the existence of homologous human prion disease modifiers, but direct evidence of these has been lacking. we investigated the correlation of age at onset and death, expressed as a composite z score, between parents and offsp ... | 2009 | 18729123 |
| a threonine to isoleucine missense mutation in the pericentriolar material 1 gene is strongly associated with schizophrenia. | markers at the pericentriolar material 1 gene (pcm1) have shown genetic association with schizophrenia in both a university college london (ucl) and a usa-based case-control sample. in this paper we report a statistically significant replication of the pcm1 association in a large scottish case-control sample from aberdeen. resequencing of the genomic dna from research volunteers who had inherited haplotypes associated with schizophrenia showed a threonine to isoleucine missense mutation in exon ... | 2010 | 19048012 |
| report of two unlinked cases of infant botulism in the uk in october 2007. | infant botulism is a rare disease in the uk, with the first case being recognized in 1978 and only five subsequent cases being reported before 2007. this study reports two unlinked cases of infant botulism, caused by two distinct strains of clostridium botulinum (toxin types a and b, respectively), that occurred within a single month in the south-east of england in october 2007. the use of real-time pcr to detect c. botulinum neurotoxin genes in clinical specimens to improve the diagnostic proce ... | 2009 | 19661202 |
| pseudoislets as primary islet replacements for research: report on a symposium at king's college london, london uk. | laboratory-based research aimed at understanding processes regulating insulin secretion and mechanisms underlying β-cell dysfunction and loss in diabetes often makes use of rodents, as these processes are in many respects similar between rats/mice and humans. indeed, a rough calculation suggests that islets have been isolated from as many as 150,000 rodents to generate the data contained within papers published in 2009 and the first four months of 2010. rodent use for islet isolation has been mi ... | 2010 | 21137597 |
| looking back. | in this perspective, i review my scientific career, which began after i trained in medicine in montreal and in neurology in boston. i started in immunology in london with avrion mitchison, using antibodies against cell-surface antigens to study the development and functions of mouse t and b cells. the finding that antibody binding causes immunoglobulin on b cells to redistribute rapidly on the cell surface and be endocytosed transformed me from an immunologist into a cell biologist. i moved with ... | 2011 | 21568709 |
| influence of matrix metalloproteinase-12 on fibrinogen level. | in vitro studies have shown that matrix metalloproteinase-12 (mmp12) can degrade fibrinogen, a clotting factor whose level predicts risk of advanced atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. in this study, we found that mean plasma fibrinogen level was approximately 10-fold higher in mmp12 knockout mice than wildtype mice (p=0.0006). differential allelic expression analysis of human mmp12 gene polymorphism rs17368582 in human vascular tissues showed an allele-specific effect on mmp12 expression ... | 2011 | 22119538 |