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cholera outbreak --- haiti, october 2010.an outbreak of cholera is ongoing in haiti. on october 21, 2010, toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1, serotype ogawa, biotype el tor was identified by the national laboratory of public health of the ministry of public health and population in haiti. identification of the isolate was confirmed by cdc. antimicrobial susceptibility testing of selected v. cholerae o1 isolates conducted at the national laboratory of public health and at cdc demonstrated susceptibility to tetracycline (susceptibility to this ...201021048563
infectious diseases. haiti's outbreak is latest in cholera's new global assault. 201021051601
update: cholera outbreak --- haiti, 2010.on october 19, 2010, the haitian ministry of public health and population (mspp) was notified of unusually high numbers of patients from artibonite and centre departments who had acute watery diarrhea and dehydration, in some cases leading to death. within 4 days, the national public health laboratory (lnsp) in haiti isolated vibrio cholerae serogroup o1, serotype ogawa, from stool specimens obtained from patients in the affected areas by an investigation team from mspp and cdc haiti. this repor ...201021085088
cholera tightens grip on haiti. 201021107395
cholera's western front. 201021112083
the origin of the haitian cholera outbreak strain.although cholera has been present in latin america since 1991, it had not been epidemic in haiti for at least 100 years. recently, however, there has been a severe outbreak of cholera in haiti.201021142692
five complementary interventions to slow cholera: haiti. 201021146206
update: outbreak of cholera ---haiti, 2010.the first cholera outbreak in haiti in at least a century was confirmed by the haitian national public health laboratory on october 21, 2010. surveillance data through december 3, provided by the haitian ministry of public health and population (mspp), indicated that the outbreak had spread nationwide and that cases of cholera and cholera-associated hospitalizations and deaths had climbed rapidly in november. as of december 3, mspp reported 91,770 cases of cholera from all 10 departments and the ...201021150867
update on cholera --- haiti, dominican republic, and florida, 2010.on october 21, 2010, a cholera outbreak was confirmed by the haitian national public health laboratory. by november 19, the outbreak had reached every department of the country, and by december 17, a total of 121,518 cases of cholera, resulting in 63,711 hospitalizations and 2,591 deaths, had been reported. by november 16, additional cases of cholera had been confirmed in the neighboring dominican republic and in florida. several confirmed cases in the dominican republic and all confirmed u.s. c ...201021178947
epidemiology. despite sensitivities, scientists seek to solve haiti's cholera riddle. 201121273460
origin of vibrio cholerae in haiti. 201121453867
recent clonal origin of cholera in haiti.altered el tor vibrio cholerae o1, with classical cholera toxin b gene, was isolated from 16 patients with severe diarrhea at st. mark's hospital, arbonite, haiti, <3 weeks after onset of the current cholera epidemic. variable-number tandem-repeat typing of 187 isolates showed minimal diversity, consistent with a point source for the epidemic.201121470464
vaccination strategies for epidemic cholera in haiti with implications for the developing world.in october 2010, a virulent south asian strain of el tor cholera began to spread in haiti. interventions have included treatment of cases and improved sanitation. use of cholera vaccines would likely have further reduced morbidity and mortality, but such vaccines are in short supply and little is known about effective vaccination strategies for epidemic cholera. we use a mathematical cholera transmission model to assess different vaccination strategies. with limited vaccine quantities, concentra ...201121482756
haiti's cholera outbreak. cholera linked to u.n. forces, but questions remain. 201121566166
implications of the introduction of cholera to haiti.with more than 250,000 cases and 4,000 deaths in the first 6 months, the cholera epidemic in haiti has been one of the most explosive and deadly in recent history. it is also one of the best documented, with detailed surveillance information available from the beginning of the epidemic, which allowed its spread to all parts of the country to be traced. piarroux et al. make good use of this information, along with their own careful field investigations, to trace the epidemic to its beginning and ...201121762593
understanding the cholera epidemic, haiti.after onset of a cholera epidemic in haiti in mid-october 2010, a team of researchers from france and haiti implemented field investigations and built a database of daily cases to facilitate identification of communes most affected. several models were used to identify spatiotemporal clusters, assess relative risk associated with the epidemic's spread, and investigate causes of its rapid expansion in artibonite department. spatiotemporal analyses highlighted 5 significant clusters (p<0.001): 1 n ...201121762567
vibrio cholerae in traveler from haiti to canada.to the editor: a nationwide outbreak of cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o1 serotype ogawa began in haiti in october 2010 and has since resulted in >200,000 illnesses and 4,000 deaths (1). additional cases of cholera attributed to the outbreak strain have subsequently been reported in the neighboring dominican republic and in florida and new jersey in the united states. in these instances, illness was related to travel to haiti or consumption of contaminated water on the island of hispaniola (w ...201121749787
case records of the massachusetts general hospital. case 19-2011. a 4-year-old haitian boy with vomiting and diarrhea. 201121696312
evidence aid and the disaster response in pakistan and haiti.this editorial has also been recorded as a podcast; please click here to access.as if a natural disaster was not enough, vibrio cholerae emerged to make the situation worse in post-flood pakistan, and for the first time since the 1960s in post-earthquake haiti . how do we, as researchers, policy-makers and human beings, respond to such situations? in response to the tsunami on 26 december 2004, concerned reviewers within the cochrane collaboration established evidence aid - an initiative that po ...201021833937
drug-resistance mechanisms in vibrio cholerae o1 outbreak strain, haiti, 2010.to increase understanding of drug-resistant vibrio cholerae, we studied selected molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial drug resistance in the 2010 haiti v. cholerae outbreak strain. most resistance resulted from acquired genes located on an integrating conjugative element showing high homology to an integrating conjugative element identified in a v. cholerae isolate from india.201122099122
Population genetics of Vibrio cholerae from Nepal in 2010: evidence on the origin of the Haitian outbreak.Cholera continues to be an important cause of human infections, and outbreaks are often observed after natural disasters, such as the one following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Once the cholera outbreak was confirmed, rumors spread that the disease was brought to Haiti by a battalion of Nepalese soldiers serving as United Nations peacekeepers. This possible connection has never been confirmed. We used whole-genome sequence typing (WGST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antimicrobia ...201121862630
evidence for several waves of global transmission in the seventh cholera pandemic.vibrio cholerae is a globally important pathogen that is endemic in many areas of the world and causes 3-5 million reported cases of cholera every year. historically, there have been seven acknowledged cholera pandemics; recent outbreaks in zimbabwe and haiti are included in the seventh and ongoing pandemic. only isolates in serogroup o1 (consisting of two biotypes known as 'classical' and 'el tor') and the derivative o139 can cause epidemic cholera. it is believed that the first six cholera pan ...201121866102
cholera in united states associated with epidemic in hispaniola.cholera is rare in the united states (annual average 6 cases). since epidemic cholera began in hispaniola in 2010, a total of 23 cholera cases caused by toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 have been confirmed in the united states. twenty-two case-patients reported travel to hispaniola and 1 reported consumption of seafood from haiti.201122204035
comparative genomics of vibrio cholerae from haiti, asia, and africa.cholera was absent from the island of hispaniola at least a century before an outbreak that began in haiti in the fall of 2010. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis of clinical isolates from the haiti outbreak and recent global travelers returning to the united states showed indistinguishable pfge fingerprints. to better explore the genetic ancestry of the haiti outbreak strain, we acquired 23 whole-genome vibrio cholerae sequences: 9 isolates obtained in haiti or the dominican repub ...201122099115
cholera. 201121980704
Characterization of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae from Haiti, 2010-2011.In October 2010, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention received reports of cases of severe watery diarrhea in Haiti. The cause was confirmed to be toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, serogroup O1, serotype Ogawa, biotype El Tor. We characterized 122 isolates from Haiti and compared them with isolates from other countries. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion and broth microdilution. Analyses included identification of rstR and VC2346 genes, sequencing of ctxAB and tc ...201122099116
Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor biotype variant clinical isolates from Bangladesh and Haiti, including a molecular genetic analysis of virulence genes.Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1, the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, is divided into two biotypes: classical and El Tor. Both biotypes produce the major virulence factors toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) and cholera toxin (CT). Although possessing genotypic and phenotypic differences, El Tor biotype strains displaying classical biotype traits have been reported and subsequently were dubbed El Tor variants. Of particular interest are reports of El Tor variants that produce various lev ...201121880975
Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in water and seafood, Haiti.During the 2010 cholera outbreak in Haiti, water and seafood samples were collected to detect Vibrio cholerae. The outbreak strain of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa was isolated from freshwater and seafood samples. The cholera toxin gene was detected in harbor water samples.201122099121
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