| unusual gastric nematodes of swine in ontario. | | 1973 | 4755273 |
| a study of procine enteroviruses isolated from swine in the toronto area. i. isolation and serological grouping of viruses. | a number of enteric viruses isolated from swine in the connaught medical research laboratories and the mimico reformatory herds were grouped serologically and compared with previously described porcine enteroviruses. four of five antigenic types defined were related to other porcine enteroviruses. the fifth was unrelated to any viruses with which it was compared in this study. | 1966 | 4291313 |
| drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria from animals in ontario. | prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance among over 3000 clinical isolates of animal pathogens in ontario during 1971-72 has been studied. a high number of multiple resistance patterns is prevalent among members of enterobacteriaceae, especially escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. the most common resistance pattern among bovine strains was against not less than six drugs in common use. among different animal species the bovine population was found to be the source of a high percentag ... | 1974 | 4277443 |
| a study of escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs with gastro-intestinal disease. | when 200 escherichia coli isolated from pigs with gastro-intestinal disease were examined, 82.0% of them were found to be enteropathogenic by the ligated intestine test in pigs. among the 18.0% which were nonenteropathogenic, 12.0% were obtained from pigs considered likely to be suffering from colibacillosis and 6.0% were from pigs for which there was a satisfactory diagnosis. eighty-seven percent of the enteropathogens belonged to the serogroups o8:k87;88ac, o116:k"v17";88ac, o147:k89;88ac, o13 ... | 1971 | 4254901 |
| correlation of bedrock type with the geography of leptospirosis. | leptospirosis occurs enzootically over most of southern ontario. leptospira pomona is the serotype most commonly found in outbreaks. antibodies to l. pomona occur frequently in the sera of deer in wilderness areas. the geographic location of leptospirosis presents a pattern which closely parallels the distribution of paleozoic bedrock. by contrast, l. pomona infection is absent from areas underlain by precambrian bedrock. comparisons of water chemistry, soil type, habitat, and host and pathogen ... | 1970 | 4246001 |
| transmissible gastroenteritis of swine in ontario. | an investigation of field outbreaks of transmissible gastroenteritis occurring in ontario in 1967 and 1968 is described. bacteria-free intestinal filtrates obtained from these outbreaks produced a clinical syndrome in pigs infected per os identical to that seen in field cases. the epizootilogical, pathomorphological and clinical signs in field cases and in experimental pigs were similar to those described in transmissible gastroenteritis in other countries. | 1969 | 4237298 |
| streptococcus suis in slaughter pigs and abattoir workers. | the detection and identification of streptococcus suis type 2 in 8.1% of 347 pig herds of southwestern ontario revealed that the infection is widespread in this area. a herd suspected to be infected showed a carrier rate of 9.7% among the 62 animals sampled. these subclinical carriers represent a potential source of infection for slaughterhouse workers. from studies of contamination of hands and knives, it was concluded that eviscerators involved in removing the larynx and lungs from the carcass ... | 1986 | 3742369 |
| prevalence of trichinosis in canadian swine determined serologically by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | fifteen thousand three hundred and eighteen porcine sera from all regions of canada were examined for the presence of anti-trichinella antibodies using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with an excretory-secretory antigen. four sera (0.026%) revealed the presence of anti-trichinella antibodies, with titers (optical density readings) that fell in the low positive or high negative range on repeated examinations. one animal originated in british columbia and three in ontario. serological examin ... | 1988 | 3167721 |
| monitoring wood shaving litter and animal products for polychlorophenols residues, ontario, canada, 1978-1986. | | 1988 | 3130916 |
| analysis of haemophilus parasuis isolates from southern ontario swine by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting. | to study the occurrence and distribution of various strains of haemophilus parasuis in southern ontario swine, organisms isolated from healthy swine, from specific pathogen-free and conventional herds, and from disease cases were examined using restriction endonuclease fingerprinting analysis. in most herds, several strains of h. parasuis could be detected although one or two strains usually predominated. individual animals were colonized by a single or limited number of strains. in several case ... | 1988 | 2844376 |
| the prevalence of leptospirosis and its association with multifocal interstitial nephritis in swine at slaughter. | an abattoir survey was undertaken to determine the prevalence of leptospirosis and its association with lesions of multifocal interstitial nephritis (so-called "white spotted kidneys") in swine at slaughter. both cross-sectional and case-control study designs were used. of 197 kidneys from hogs randomly selected at slaughter, 11 (5.6%) had generalized grey-white foci typical of multifocal interstitial nephritis (mfin). antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:80 against leptospira pomona were ... | 1989 | 2766150 |
| prevalence of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli in ground beef, pork, and chicken in southwestern ontario. | samples of ground beef (225), pork (235) and chicken (200) were randomly selected from meat processing plants in the southwestern ontario area. supernatants of broth cultures of the samples were tested for verocytotoxins using a vero cell assay. neutralization of cytotoxic activity using antisera specific for three types of verocytotoxin (verotoxin 1, verotoxin 2 and shiga-like toxin ii) was performed on positive samples. isolation of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) was attempted from ... | 1990 | 2200697 |
| seroprevalence of anti-toxoplasma igg in canadian swine. | in 1990, 1443 sera randomly selected by computer generated random numbers from a bank of greater than 15,000 sera collected earlier from sows at slaughter in various geographic regions of canada were tested for anti-toxoplasma immunoglobin g (igg) by the modified direct agglutination test. one hundred and thirty-six (9.4%) samples were positive for anti-toxoplasma igg while 36 (2.5%) of the sera gave borderline reactions. the highest prevalence of anti-toxoplasma igg was in swine originating in ... | 1991 | 1790495 |
| hospital outbreak of salmonella enteriditis infection--ontario. | | 1992 | 1366254 |
| a survey of vertebral abscesses in domestic animals in ontario. | | 1975 | 1131789 |
| surveillance of the swine influenza vaccination program at the royal military college, kingston. | in a prospective study symptoms appearing in a previously healthy population within 6 weeks after inoculation with monovalent swine influenza vaccine (a/new jersey/76) were tabulated. of the 703 persons (ranging in age from 17 to 55 years) participating in the follow-up 54% reported experiencing symptoms, usually within 24 hours of vaccination; the symptoms were usually minor and none of the participants displayed evidence of guillain-barré syndrome. | 1978 | 657050 |
| a study of porcine enteroviruses isolated from swine in the toronto area. ii. characterization of the viruses as members of the picornavirus group. | five antigenic types of enteric viruses from swine in the toronto area were characterized as members of the enterovirus subdivision of the picornavirus group. the criteria used in the characterization of these viruses were those established by the international enterovirus study group. | 1966 | 4166185 |
| demonstration of parvovirus in canadian swine and antigenic relationships with isolates from other countries. | a canadian isolate of porcine parvovirus, isolated from cultured pig thyroid cells, was shown to be antigenically indistinguishable from a british (59e/63) and a german (g10/1) strain when treated by the modified direct complement-fixation, the hemagglutination-inhibition and the fluorescent antibody tests. these tests also revealed that antibodies to parvoviruses were detectable in a large proportion of the conventionally raised pigs in the provinces of quebec and ontario. cell cultures, prepar ... | 1978 | 356941 |
| hyostrongylosis in ontario. | | 1973 | 4761168 |
| disease trends in domestic animals and poultry in ontario 1971-72. | | 1973 | 4711498 |
| parasitisms in domesticated animals in ontario. i. ontario veterinary college records 1965-70. | | 1973 | 4688875 |
| a new subtype of type a influenzavirus isolated from turkeys. | a new subtype of avian influenzavirus a was isolated in january 1967 from an epizootic in a turkey hatchery in ontario, canada. the disease was fatal in 65 of 2 500 hens involved. virus was isolated from lung and trachea tissue of three dead turkeys. sera from convalescent birds contained antibody against the viruses isolated from the outbreak but not against other known type a avian influenzaviruses, newcastle disease virus, myxovirus yucaipa, or mycoplasma gallisepticum.the strain designated a ... | 1972 | 4541004 |
| the keratinophilic fungi of ontario, canada. | | 1974 | 4473708 |
| isolation of listeria monocytogenes from brain specimens of domestic animals in ontario. | | 1971 | 5005795 |
| case report. microsporum nanum: a cause of porcine ringworm in ontario. | | 1972 | 5041149 |
| the occurrence of salmonella infection in market swine in southwestern ontario. | | 1971 | 5101819 |
| the veterinary requirements of the animal industry in ten years time. | | 1974 | 4434316 |
| canadian experience with yersinia enterocolitica (1966--1977). | data pertaining to 1,219 cultures of yersinia enterocolitica isolated in canada are summarized. of the 977 cultures isolated from humans, y. enterocolitica serotype 0:3, biotype 4, phage type ixb was the most predominant type in ontario, quebec and the four eastern provinces. in the western provinces the predominant strains were indol-positive, serotypes 0:8; 5,27 and 4,32. most of the 242 cultures of nonhuman origin, except those isolated from swine and a few isolated from wild animals, were in ... | 1979 | 535372 |
| the prevalence of serum antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in ontario mammals. | the prevalence of seropositive reactions to toxoplasma gondii was studied in farm animals, companion animals, wild rodents and birds. of the animals tested, 17% of cattle, 65% of sheep, 45% of pigs, 9% of horses, 33% of dogs and 20% of cats were seropositive by the sabin-feldman dye test. in addition 11% of mice (mus musculus), 5% of deer mice (peromyscus), 3% of rats (rattus norvegicus) and less than 2% of sparrows (passer domestcus) were seropositive. all samples from short-tailed field mice ( ... | 1978 | 667705 |
| an epidemiological study of salmonella infection in swine in ontario. | | 1970 | 5529398 |
| intoxication of swine with noxious gases. | | 1969 | 5812945 |
| prevalences of resistance to seven antimicrobials among fecal escherichia coli of swine on thirty-four farrow-to-finish farms in ontario, canada. | fecal specimens were composited and a hydrophobic-grid membrane-filter method was used to measure antimicrobial resistance to ampicillin 16 micrograms/ml, carbadox 30 micrograms/ml, gentamicin 4 mu/ml, nitrofurantoin 32 micrograms/ml, spectinomycin 16 micrograms/ml, sulfisoxazole 32 micrograms/ml and tetracycline 8 micrograms/ml among 8119 escherichia coli isolates from 68 fecal samples collected on 34 farrow-to-finish swine farms marketing over 500 hogs/yr. the overall prevalences of resistance ... | 1998 | 9618741 |
| associations among antimicrobial drug treatments and antimicrobial resistance of fecal escherichia coli of swine on 34 farrow-to-finish farms in ontario, canada. | logistic regression was used to model associations between antimicrobial treatment and resistance among fecal escherichia coli of finisher pigs at the farm level. four sets of potential risk factors representing different levels of refinement of antimicrobial use on farms were modelled on resistance to antimicrobials. final models for each antimicrobial were constructed from treatment and management variables significant on initial screening, and corrections for overdispersion were made. in gene ... | 1998 | 9618742 |
| diagnostic and prognostic significance of the quantitative tuberculin tests. the influence of subclinical infections with atypical mycobacteria. | | 1967 | 6050819 |
| case report. a case of hyostrongylosis in ontario. | | 1967 | 5624609 |
| halothane and halothane/succinylcholine induced malignant hyperthermia (porcine stress syndrome) in a population of ontario boars. | this paper recounts a study of the prevalence of malignant hyperthermia in a population of boars entering the record of performance test station at new hamburg, ontario over a period of ten months. the literature is briefly reviewed and an account of the present status of malignant hyperthermia (porcine stress syndrome) in ontario boars using the halothane or halothane/succinylcholine screening tests is presented. it was determined in this population of boars that there was a 1.5% prevalence rat ... | 1983 | 6640412 |
| virus isolation studies in an outbreak of porcine encephalomyelitis. | an outbreak of central nervous system disease affecting young pigs occurred in the fall of 1981 in eastern ontario. a diagnosis of viral encephalomyelitis was made on pathological grounds and virus isolation studies were subsequently initiated to determine the causative agent. cultural isolation procedures using several biological systems failed to detect virus in nervous tissues from affected animals. direct extraction of similar tissues by combined biochemical and biophysical procedures yielde ... | 1984 | 6722651 |
| prevalence of o1/k1- and o2/k3-reactive actinobacillus suis in healthy and diseased swine. | a cell surface antigen-typing system was devised for the swine pathogen actinobacillus suis and used to examine the prevalence of different lipopolysaccharide (o) types in healthy and diseased pigs. the strains examined in this study were isolated from a variety of locations in canada and from kansas. lipopolysaccharide preparations of 151 isolates of a. suis were characterized by immunoblotting using polyclonal antisera generated to strains so4 (o1/k1), h89-1173 (o2/k3), and vsb 3714, a rough s ... | 2000 | 11015398 |
| survey of vomitoxin contamination of 1980 ontario white winter wheat crop: results of survey and feeding trials. | during the harvesting of the 1980 ontario white winter wheat crop, producers noticed pink discoloration on kernels; this was attributed to fusarium mold. grain elevator and boatload samples were analyzed for mycotoxin contamination. vomitoxin levels up to 8 ppm were detected in samples from southwestern ontario. other suspected mycotoxins were either nondetectable or present in trace amounts. fusarium-contaminated wheat and clean wheat were added to swine and poultry diets for feeding trials. fe ... | 1983 | 6826515 |
| epidemiology of haemophilus pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs: a survey of ontario pork producers, 1981. | information about factors associated with the spread and the effect of pleuropneumonia was obtained from 418 pork producers in ontario, who returned a mailed questionnaire. the overall herd prevalence of pleuropneumonia was 23.2%. the prevalence among herds with feeder pigs only was 34.3% and 16% among sow herds. the chance of pleuropneumonia breaking out in a herd was increased with increased traffic of pigs into the herd. the source of supplementary stock had an important effect on the chance ... | 1983 | 6831302 |
| porcine haemophilus pleuropneumonia epizootic in southwestern ontario: clinical, microbiological, pathological and some epidemiological findings. | a fibrinous necrotizing pleuropneumonia with a predominant mononuclear cell infiltrate commenced january 1978. the pneumonia, caused by haemophilus pleuropneumoniae assumed epizootic proportions and affected mainly feeder pigs in the intensive pig rearing area of southwestern ontario. a few abortions occurred. winter storms, recent transportation and other potentially stressful situations were associated with herd outbreaks. broad spectrum antibiotics were usually effective in stopping deaths. | 1981 | 7272838 |
| yersinia enterocolitica isolated from throats of swine in eastern and western canada. | examination of the throat flora from swine in ontario for yersinia enterocolitica found the incidence of serotype o:3 to vary from 20% from tonsils to 50% for throat swabs and 55% for tongues. in contrast, there were no isolations of serotype o:3 from throat swabs taken from swine in the western provinces of british columbia and alberta. this incidence of serotype o:3 in swine correlates well with the human incidence of the same serotype which is 81% for all human isolations of y. enterocolitica ... | 1981 | 7332882 |
| porcine neonatal coccidiosis. | coccidia were identified in intestinal sections from 82 piglets comprising 37 consignments from 34 farms, and represented a yearly increasing incidence in the three years 1978 to 1980. piglets were primarily from medium to large farms with intensive, continuous-farrowing, confinement-rearing programs. piglets, usually five days to 15 days old, had yellow, fluid diarrhea, became unthrifty and sometimes died. in six piglets from two farms, a green, adherent, fibrinonecrotic membrane was seen throu ... | 1981 | 7343074 |
| isolations of salmonella choleraesuis var kunzendorf from swine herds in southwestern ontario (1980-1993). | | 1994 | 8050078 |
| sudden death in sows. | | 1994 | 8069844 |
| forensic application of repetitive dna markers to the species identification of animal tissues. | highly repetitive dna markers have been used for determining the species origin of animal tissues in cases of illegal commercialization and poaching of game animals. this approach has been used in cases involving white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), moose (alces alces) and black bear (ursus americanus). digesting the dna with various restriction enzymes, agarose electrophoresis and staining with ethidium bromide revealed unique banding patterns for each species. these patterns have been u ... | 1994 | 8195749 |
| hematology and biochemistry reference values for ontario swine. | the purpose of this study was to establish blood reference values for ontario swine from various age groups. weanling pigs, feeder pigs, gilts and sows on 11 randomly selected swine farms were sampled using the orbital sinus bleeding technique. routine hematological and biochemical determinations were performed using whole blood and serum. for the variables examined in each age group the means, the standard deviations and the 95% upper and lower limits were calculated. | 1984 | 6509366 |
| antigenic comparison of canadian and us isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus using monoclonal antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein. | fifteen canadian field isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus from quebec and ontario were compared with 5 us prrs virus (prrsv) isolates and with the european lelystad isolate using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) sdow17, ep147, and vo17 directed to the 15-kda nucleocapsid protein of prrsv. all canadian and us isolates tested by indirect immunofluorescence were recognized by the 3 mabs, and individual titers of mabs towards canadian and us prrsv isolates were simila ... | 1995 | 8521358 |
| assessment of seropositivity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus in swine herds in ontario--1978 to 1982. | | 1995 | 8748450 |
| isolation of a distinct serotype of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus in ontario. | | 1995 | 8748451 |
| outbreak of trichinosis in ontario secondary to the ingestion of wild boar meat. | we report an outbreak of trichinosis from the consumption of locally processed, cold smoked wild boar meat of a domestically reared animal from a farm in dufferin county, ontario. between january and march 1993, 24 cases of trichinosis were identified and of these, 21 patients were symptomatic. the most common symptoms were myalgia (75%), weakness (75%), fever (71%) and periorbital edema (67%). eosinophilia and elevated creatine phosphokinase levels were noted in 86% and 89% of patients respecti ... | 1997 | 9094806 |
| antibiotic resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from hog, beef, and chicken carcass samples from provincially inspected abattoirs in ontario. | campylobacterjejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne infection in the united states, and there are reports of resistance of campylobacter spp. to antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of gastroenteritis. the purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of campylobacter spp. isolated from hog, beef, and chicken carcasses from provincially inspected abattoirs in ontario. the agar dilution method was performed to measure antimicrobial res ... | 2006 | 16416896 |
| status of trichinella spiralis in domestic swine and wild boar in canada. | evidence of the status of trichinellosis in canada's national swine herd is provided from data acquired through national surveillance programs and from a prevalence study of trichinella in wild boar and domestic swine. more than 500,000 swine tested at abattoirs in ongoing animal health surveys since 1980 and 2 national swine serological surveys (1985 and 1990) showed no evidence of trichinella infection, except for 3 occurrences in a small infected zone in nova scotia. the prevalence study of d ... | 1997 | 9342448 |
| retrospective study of toxic metal analyses requested at a veterinary diagnostic toxicology laboratory in ontario (1990-1995). | during the 5-year period from january 1, 1990, to december 31, 1995, 887 diagnoses of metal toxicosis in domestic animals and wild birds were documented at the veterinary laboratory services branch of the ontario ministry of agriculture, food and rural affairs. most of these cases involved cattle, sheep, and birds. lead toxicosis was diagnosed in 399 cases, copper toxicosis in 387, zinc toxicosis in 49, mercury toxicosis in 44, iron toxicosis in 4, and selenium in 4 cases. trends in species affe ... | 1998 | 9442951 |
| patterns of crossfostering and piglet mortality on commercial u.s. and canadian swine farms. | a data base of 300 farms using computerized records was used to examine the extent and timing of crossfostering being practiced in commercial herds in the midwestern u.s. and canada in 1994-1995. crossfostering was used on 98% of farms. across all farms, the mean percent of piglets crossfostered was 8.6%. farms varied greatly in the age at which they moved piglets. the 20 farms that moved piglets the earliest after birth were classified as early-move farms and the 20 that moved the oldest piglet ... | 1998 | 9500166 |
| individual and group antimicrobial usage rates on 34 farrow-to-finish swine farms in ontario, canada. | antimicrobial drug-use was assessed on 34 farrow-to-finish operations that marketed at least 500 hogs/yr. these operations either did not use any antimicrobials or used narrow-spectrum or broad-spectrum antimicrobials in rations of post-weaning pigs. total antimicrobial use was measured for two months after obtaining inventories and records of all antimicrobials used. the collection of empty medication bottles and inventories of drugs on hand was convenient for producers and useful for estimatin ... | 1998 | 9618740 |
| a three year experience with the toronto stentless porcine valve. | in the three year period from march 1994, 112 toronto stentless porcine valves (spv tm) were implanted in the western infirmary, glasgow. there were 55 males and 57 females aged between 45 and 86 years (mean 70.9 +/- 7.2 yrs). the mean preoperative aortic gradient was 89 +/- 27 mmhg. fifty-three patients (47%) had an isolated first time aortic valve replacement. myocardial revascularisation was carried out in 51 patients (46%) with a mean of 1.7 +/- 0.9 coronary bypass grafts per patient. six pa ... | 1998 | 9660911 |
| antimicrobial drug use and related management practices among ontario swine producers. | a mail survey of swine producers in ontario was undertaken during 1991 to describe the types, frequency, and motives for antimicrobial use. two hundred operations that marketed fewer than 350 hogs per year, and 800 that marketed more than 350 per year were sent questionnaires, 63% of which were completed and returned. most operations (86%) added antimicrobials to starter (weanling pig) rations, while fewer (29%) added these drugs to finisher pig rations. the most commonly used antimicrobials wer ... | 1998 | 10051955 |
| a descriptive study of the frequency and characteristics of proliferative enteropathy in swine in ontario by analyzing routine animal health surveillance data. | routine surveillance data, collected on pathology submissions at the animal health laboratory in guelph between 1992 and 1997, were analyzed to determine demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics of cases of proliferative enteropathy and the frequency of this condition relative to other infectious enteric diseases in swine in ontario. the most commonly reported disease was escherichia coli enteritis (average cases/year = 70.0). among infectious enteropathies that occur typically in n ... | 1999 | 10572667 |
| h3n2 influenza a virus recovered from a neonatal pig in ontario--1997. | | 1999 | 10646069 |
| h4n6 influenza virus isolated from pigs in ontario. | | 2000 | 11143928 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in canadian swine herds and identification of a novel variant of swine hepatitis e virus. | swine hepatitis e virus is a newly identified potentially zoonotic virus from pigs of particular concern for possible direct transmission to a human xenotransplant recipient by organ transplantation. in the present study, prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis e virus was examined in canadian swine herds. a total of 998 serum samples collected from 6-month-old healthy slaughter hogs were examined by enzyme immunoassay and western blot analysis for antibodies to the recombinant open reading ... | 2001 | 11687465 |
| presentation of postweaning escherichia coli diarrhea in southern ontario, prevalence of hemolytic e. coli serogroups involved, and their antimicrobial resistance patterns. | post-weaning escherichia coli diarrhea (pwecd) in ontario was investigated using a case-control study involving 50 ontario nurseries. the clinical signs and the impact on productive parameters were determined by means of a producer survey. the hemolytic e. coli serogroups involved in pwecd (o149:k91:k88) were examined in this study. based on a polymerase chain reaction test, the hemolytic e. coli from 82% of the case herds were positive for 3 enterotoxins (sta, stb, and lt), those from 12% of th ... | 2002 | 11989737 |
| prevalence of campylobacter spp isolated from grower-finisher pigs in ontario. | this study aimed to establish the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in 80 ontario grower-finisher pig herds. ninety-nine percent of the isolates yielded campylobacter, c coli being the most common species detected. control of this microorganism must rely on careful food processing and storage of pork, rather than on an on-farm approach. | 2007 | 17542372 |
| powassan virus: vernal spread during 1965. | powassan virus was isolated from seven pools of ixodes cookei ticks removed from groundhogs (marmota monax) collected near north bay, ontario, between may and august 1965, including five pools obtained during spring. tick pools, each comprising one to nine ticks, contained 2.0 to 5.5 log(10) tcd(50) of virus upon titration in monolayer cultures of primary swine kidney cells. powassan virus neutralizing antibody prevalence in sera of the current season's groundhogs increased steadily from zero du ... | 1966 | 5904925 |
| prevalence of resistance to 11 antimicrobials among campylobacter coill isolated from pigs on 80 grower-finisher farms in ontario. | we carried out a cross-sectional study to investigate antimicrobial resistance patterns of campylobacter coli isolated from ontario grower-finisher pigs. from january to june 2004, 1200 samples were collected from 80 farms by obtaining a constant number (15) of fecal samples per farm. susceptibility of the isolates to 11 antimicrobial drugs was determined by the agar-dilution technique. the overall prevalence of resistance to 1 or more antimicrobials among the isolates was 99.2%. high levels of ... | 2007 | 17695593 |
| powassan virus: persistence of virus activity during 1966. | powassan virus isolations were achieved from three of 60 pools of ixodes cookei ticks removed from 286 groundhogs (marmota monax) which were collected some 200 miles north of toronto between may 5 and september 5, 1966. virus yields per pool of one to 11 ticks ranged from 10(2.5) to 10(6.0) tcd(50) for primary swine kidney tissue cultures, and positive pools were collected on june 24, july 15 and august 10. powassan neutralizing antibodies were detected by mouse inoculation tests in 143 of 362 a ... | 1967 | 6019677 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus identification in proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia cases from ontario. | | 1994 | 7954232 |
| antibiotic resistance of salmonella isolated from hog, beef, and chicken carcass samples from provincially inspected abattoirs in ontario. | the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant salmonella organisms, especially salmonella typhimurium dt104, has been reported in many countries, including the united states and canada. the purposes of this study were to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella isolated from hog, beef, and chicken carcasses from provincially inspected abattoirs in ontario and to determine the agreement between the agar dilution method and the microbroth dilution method for measurement of antimicr ... | 2004 | 15035356 |
| effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome vaccination in breeding-age animals. | little is known about the safety and efficacy of extra-label use of the modified live porcine reproductive-and-respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus vaccine in gestating sows. our purpose was to determine the impact of vaccination on reproductive performance in 54 herds in ontario, manitoba (canada) and the mid-western united states that were prrs-positive, prrs-negative, or concurrently affected by an outbreak of prrs when initially vaccinated. majority-vaccinated herds vaccinated > or =50% but <10 ... | 2004 | 15068893 |
| field trial assessment of the efficacy of specific egg-yolk antibody product for control of postweaning e. coli diarrhea. | postweaning diarrhea caused by escherichia coli is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in many swine nurseries throughout north america. commercial products containing chicken egg-yolk antibodies specific for the control of k88+ e. coli diarrhea have been used in an attempt to prevent disease losses. the present study evaluated the use of an egg-yolk antibody product incorporated into nursery feed on two farms where k88+ e. coli diarrhea was identified as a problem. there were no difference ... | 2003 | 15136989 |
| an in vivo evaluation of the mycobacterial filtration efficacy of three breathing filters used in anesthesia. | the use of breathing filters (bfs) has been recommended to protect the anesthesia apparatus in proven or suspected cases of tuberculosis. some investigators have also suggested the use of bf to alleviate the need to change anesthesia breathing circuits after each case. this study evaluated the filtration efficacy of three different bfs to prevent mycobacterial contamination of breathing circuits in a model that uses a test animal. | 2004 | 15220778 |
| comparison of 2 serologic tests for the diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy. | the purpose of this study was to compare results from 2 serological assays at the individual- and herd-level for porcine proliferative enteropathy diagnosis. cohen's kappa coefficient (k) was used to measure agreement. the tests tend to show better agreement when used at the herd level. | 2005 | 16018563 |
| prevalence of salmonella spp. on canadian pig farms using liquid or dry-feeding. | the objective of this study was to determine whether the shedding and antibody titre to salmonella was lower for pig herds provided liquid-feed compared to those on traditional dry rations. twenty liquid-feeding farms and 61 dry-feeding farms were selected. the amount of antibodies to salmonella in sera from 15 finisher pigs on each of 80 ontario swine farms was analyzed by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in addition, the presence of salmonella on the 20 liquid-feeding farms ... | 2006 | 16202460 |
| antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of escherichia coli isolates from swine in ontario. | a total of 318 escherichia coli isolates obtained from diarrheic and healthy pigs in ontario from 2001 to 2003 were examined for their susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial agents. they were tested by pcr for the presence of resistance genes for tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and apramycin and of 12 common virulence genes of porcine e. coli. antimicrobial resistance frequency among e. coli isolates from swine in ontario was moderate in comparison with other countries and was higher in is ... | 2005 | 16269706 |
| identification of human h1n2 and human-swine reassortant h1n2 and h1n1 influenza a viruses among pigs in ontario, canada (2003 to 2005). | since 2003, three novel genotypes of h1 influenza viruses have been recovered from canadian pigs, including a wholly human h1n2 virus and human-swine reassortants. these isolates demonstrate that human-lineage h1n2 viruses are infectious for pigs and that viruses with a human pb1/swine pa/swine pb2 polymerase complex can replicate in pigs. | 2006 | 16517910 |
| comparison of agar dilution and e-test for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of campylobacter coil isolates recovered from 80 ontario swine farms. | the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the level of agreement of the e-test for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of campylobacter coli using the agar dilution technique, which is the approved method. a convenience sample of 80 ontario swine farms was chosen for this study; each farm was visited from january to june 2004. a total of 233 isolates of c. coli were tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials by agar dilution and the e-test. performance of the tests was evaluate ... | 2008 | 18505206 |
| chloramphenicol and kanamycin resistance among porcine escherichia coli in ontario. | the purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of chloramphenicol and kanamycin resistance genes across three populations of porcine escherichia coli. | 2006 | 16720568 |
| prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of fecal escherichia coil among pigs on 47 farrow-to-finish farms with different in-feed medication policies in ontario and british columbia. | the main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in pigs on farms that medicated swine ration and those that did not. a total of 940 isolates of escherichia coli from 188 pooled fecal samples obtained from weaner and finisher pigs on 47 farrow-to-finish swine farms (34 farms used in-feed medication and 13 did not) were tested for susceptibility to 21 antimicrobials using a breakpoint concentration method. the prevalence of resistance var ... | 2008 | 18505210 |
| associations of antimicrobial uses with antimicrobial resistance of fecal escherichia coli from pigs on 47 farrow-to-finish farms in ontario and british columbia. | this study assessed the associations between antimicrobial use and other management practices in pigs and antimicrobial resistance in generic escherichia coli recovered from feces of weaner and finisher pigs on 39 purposefully selected farrow-to-finish farms in ontario and 8 in british columbia. antimicrobials (n = 13), most frequently penicillins and tetracycline, wer dministered to different age groups of pigs on study farms through various routes of administration. logistic regression was use ... | 2008 | 18505211 |
| evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) tests and culture for determining salmonella status of a pig herd. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate salmonella elisa tests and a culture technique to determine salmonella status using samples collected from commercial herds. faecal samples from 15 finisher pigs on each of 40 swine farms were cultured for salmonella. sera from the same 600 pigs were analysed for the presence of antibodies to salmonella by means of two different elisa kits salmotype (salmotype labordiagnostik, leipzig, germany) and idexx (herdchek* salmonella; idexx laboratories, schipho ... | 2007 | 16824251 |
| triple reassortant h3n2 influenza a viruses, canada, 2005. | since january 2005, h3n2 influenza viruses have been isolated from pigs and turkeys throughout canada and from a swine farmer and pigs on the same farm in ontario. these are human/classical swine/avian reassortants similar to viruses that emerged in us pigs in 1998 but with a distinct human-lineage neuraminidase gene. | 2006 | 16836834 |
| sow shoulder lesions: risk factors and treatment effects on an ontario farm. | the objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for the development of shoulder lesions in lactating sows and to determine if an effective, economical, and practical treatment could be designed. the study was conducted at a 300-sow farrow-to-finish swine farm in ontario between july and december 2004. sow data were recorded on either the day of or 1 d after entering the farrowing crate and before farrowing had occurred. the right and left shoulders of the sows were assigned a score be ... | 2006 | 16908656 |
| porcine circovirus-2 associated disease in swine in ontario (2004 to 2005). | | 2006 | 16933552 |
| health hazard alerts. suspected tampering associated with various ham and sliced meat products. canadian food inspection agency, ottawa, ontario. | | 2006 | 17175599 |
| factors influencing the concentration of volatile fatty acids, ammonia, and other nutrients in stored liquid pig manure. | in order to minimize odor and manage nutrients in liquid pig manure we need to be able to predict what operational practices most influence the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (vfas), ammonium nitrogen (nh(4)(+)-n), and other nutrients present in the manure. to determine this, we collected manure from 15 pig operations in southwestern ontario in the fall of 2001 and 2002 and spring of 2002 and 2003. the manure was stored in concrete tanks at all operations. manure from finishing pigs had ... | 2007 | 17255631 |
| laboratory-based vascular anastomosis training: a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of bench model fidelity and level of training on skill acquisition. | although there is growing evidence that practice on bench model simulators can improve the acquisition of technical skill in surgery, the degree to which these models have to approximate real-world conditions (model fidelity) to optimize learning is unclear. previous research suggests that low-fidelity models may be adequate for novice learners. the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of model fidelity and surgical expertise on the acquisition of vascular anastomosis skill. | 2007 | 17264015 |
| seroprevalence of lawsonia intracellularis in different swine populations in 3 provinces in canada. | porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis is an important enteric disease in swine throughout the world. information regarding the distribution of this pathogen in canadian swine herds would be beneficial for the creation of control protocols. pigs from ontario, quebec, and alberta were tested by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay for antibodies to l. intracellularis. pig seroprevalence was calculated as the proportion of pigs positive from total pigs tested in ... | 2007 | 17310623 |
| spatial clustering of swine influenza in ontario on the basis of herd-level disease status with different misclassification errors. | this approach maximizes sensitivity of serology-based monitoring systems by considering spatial clustering of herds classified as false positive by herd testing, allowing outbreaks to be detected in an early phase. the primary objective of this study was to determine whether swine herds infected with influenza viruses cluster in space, and if so, where they cluster. the secondary objective was to investigate the combining of a multivariate spatial scan statistic with herd test results to maximiz ... | 2007 | 17531333 |
| investigation of exposure to swine influenza viruses in ontario (canada) finisher herds in 2004 and 2005. | the epidemiology of influenza in the north american swine population has changed since the emergence of a triple-reassortant h3n2 influenza virus. although seen previously in north america, the ontario swine population had likely been free of viruses of the reassortant h3n2 lineage until 2005. the objective of this study was to investigate the frequency and distribution of exposure to h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes in the ontario finisher pig population prior to and after the h3n2 outbreak that occurred ... | 2008 | 17604859 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses recovered from ontario farms, 1998-2000. | from january 1998 to july 2000, 2,456 clinical samples, including lung, tonsil, lymph node, and serum, from 760 cases submitted to the animal health laboratory, ontario, canada, were tested for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (prrsv) using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rt-pcr product restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. a total of 516 samples from 284 cases were rt-pcr positive for the prrsv open reading frame (orf) 7 sequ ... | 2002 | 12152819 |
| occurrence of salmonella, campylobacter, yersinia enterocolitica, escherichia coli o157 and listeria monocytogenes in swine. | the objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of major bacterial foodborne pathogens in swine. in total, 359 samples from manure storage tanks (91) and fresh pooled faeces (268) obtained from finisher (110), sows (78) and weanlings (80) were collected and tested. campylobacter, salmonella, yersinia enterocolitica, escherichia coli o157 and listeria monocytogenes were isolated from 36.5%, 31.5%, 5.8%, 3.3% and 3.3% of samples respectively. all e. coli o157 isolates found on 10 far ... | 2010 | 19638163 |
| relationship between group a porcine rotavirus and management practices in swine herds in ontario. | a case-control epidemiological study was conducted to determine whether an increased diagnostic rate for group a rotavirus in swine herds in ontario was associated with specific management factors. the number of new herds tested per year and the proportion of new positive herds increased between 1994 and 1997. herd size was larger and weaning age was younger in rotavirus-positive herds compared with rotavirus-negative herds. pigs raised in all-in all-out nurseries were 3.4 times more likely to h ... | 2003 | 13677596 |
| powassan virus: summer infection cycle, 1964. | between may 1, and september 15, 1964, neutralizing antibody to powassan virus was detected in sera from 163 of 464 forest mammals captured in the powassan-north bay area of northern ontario. these included 159 of 358 groundhogs and four of 43 red squirrels. acquisition of antibody by juvenile groundhogs occurred principally during july and august. powassan virus strains were isolated from tick pools containing two to 15 ixodes cookei per pool which were removed from eight of 91 groundhogs in th ... | 1964 | 14230913 |
| prevalence of and risk factors for influenza in southern ontario swine herds in 2001 and 2003. | this research included 2 prevalence studies and a risk-factor investigation conducted in 2001 at 93 sites with sows only, finishers only, or both. in 2001, 1300 serum samples from sows in 65 herds and 720 serum samples from finisher pigs in 72 herds were tested for antibodies to swine influenzavirus (siv) of h1n1 subtype with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in 2003, 1140 serum samples from sows in 76 herds were tested for antibodies to siv of h3n2 subtype with a hemagglutination-in ... | 2008 | 18214156 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis e virus detected in swine farms in the province of quebec. | swine hepatitis e virus (hev) could be a zoonotic agent for hev infection in humans. in canada, approximately 60% of 6-mo-old commercial pigs are seropositive for hev; the prevalence is higher in the provinces of quebec and ontario. a study was set up to evaluate the presence of swine hev in quebec farms and to compare the strains detected in fecal samples with human and swine hev strains reported worldwide. fecal samples were collected randomly from may 2003 to january 2004 from 70 swine farms ... | 2008 | 18214158 |
| a homolog of the o157 urease-encoding o island 48 is present in porcine o149:h10 enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | the relationship of the urease operon in the highly virulent o149 porcine enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strain ro8 to a genomic island (gi) homologous to o island (oi) 48 of o157 enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) strain edl933 was investigated. eighty-four of 84 o149:h10 strains were urease positive whereas 44 of 44 o149:h43 porcine etec strains were urease-negative. seventeen of 17 o149:h10 strains that were tested possessed the oi-48 homolog whereas 24 of 24 o149:h43 strains lacked th ... | 2008 | 18316019 |
| an investigation of the presence of escherichia coli o149:k91:f4 on pig farms in southern ontario and the use of antimicrobials and risk factors associated with the presence of this serogroup. | prevalence, causative factors, treatment, and preventative measures for o149:k91:f4 escherichia coli infection of postweaning pigs was determined by using a cross-sectional study including 70 farms in ontario. surveys were distributed and samples cultured bacteriologically, resulting in 30% of farms testing positive to e. coli 0149:k91:f4. possible causative factors, such as housing or nutrition, were not significantly different between positive and negative farms. use of injectable antibiotics ... | 2008 | 18320976 |
| bone weathering patterns of metatarsal v. femur and the postmortem interval in southern ontario. | twenty-five defleshed pig femora and 25 metatarsals were placed outdoors and observed over 291 days to establish: (1) bone weathering patterns for use in estimating time since death in southern ontario and (2) whether larger (femora) or smaller (metatarsals) bones provide a better indicator of time since death. pig hind limbs were observed to determine a timeline for decomposition of soft tissues during the fall and winter. ambient air temperature, humidity, precipitation, sunlight, soil ph, and ... | 2008 | 18359589 |
| [antigenic characterization of influenza a virus isolated from birds captured in ontario, quebec, and the maritime provinces during the 1977 season]. | a total of 145 influenza a viruses were isolated from ducks, geese and passerine birds in ontario, québec and the maritimes in july-august 1977. antigenic characterization of these isolates included five hemagglutinin (hsw1, hav4, hav5, hav6, hav7) and five neuraminidase subtypes (n1, n2, neq1, neq2, nav1) in nine different combinations; one combination hav7 neq1 had not been previously reported. the majority of these viruses were hsw1 n1, antigenically related to influenza viruses in pigs and h ... | 1980 | 7433721 |