| pestiviral infections in sheep and pigs in northern ireland. | serological surveys were carried out to determine the prevalence of pestiviral infections in sheep and pigs in northern ireland. sera from 918 ewes in 92 flocks from 10 regions were tested by elisa for antibodies to border disease virus and positive results were obtained from 49 ewes (5.3 per cent) in 28 flocks (30.4 per cent). there were highly significant geographical variations in its flock prevalence ranging from 0 per cent in the enniskillen region to 70 per cent in the coleraine region. th ... | 2001 | 12503593 |
| relating national veterinary services to the country's livestock industry: case studies from four countries--great britain, botswana, perú, and vietnam. | at the end of ww ii, the british government of the time decided that it was essential for britain to become self-sufficient in food. in consequence there was a large investment in services to agriculture and in particular many new veterinary investigation centers were opened to help farmers produce more animal products. the upsurge in world trade led the government of mrs. thatcher to decide that livestock was just another commodity and so there has been a massive scaling down of money available ... | 2002 | 12381561 |
| comparisons of original laboratory results and retrospective analysis by real-time reverse transcriptase-pcr of virological samples collected from confirmed cases of foot-and-mouth disease in the uk in 2001. | there were 2030 designated cases of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) during the course of the epidemic in the uk in 2001 (including four from northern ireland). samples from 1720 of the infected premises (ips) were received in the laboratory and examined for either the presence of fmd virus (virological samples from 1421 ips) or both fmd virus and antibody (virological and serological samples from 255 ips) or antibody alone (from 44 ips). the time taken to issue final diagnostic results ranged from ... | 2006 | 16980522 |
| determination of the furazolidone metabolite, 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone, in porcine tissues using liquid chromatography-thermospray mass spectrometry and the occurrence of residues in pigs produced in northern ireland. | a method is presented for the detection of the furazolidone metabolite, 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (aoz), in porcine tissue. bound and extractable residues are detected following methanol-water homogenisation, repeated solvent washing and derivatisation with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde. samples are analysed by using thermospray mass spectrometry-liquid chromatography, monitoring the positive ion m/z 253 with filament-assisted ionisation. there is no interference from tissue matrices or excess 2-nitrobenzal ... | 1997 | 9140761 |
| prevalence of pleurisy and pneumonia in pigs in northern ireland (1969-1989). | a database of condemnation data from abattoirs was combined with a meteorological database to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of pleurisy and pneumonia in pigs in northern ireland and prevailing weather conditions. between 1969 and 1989 three significant trends were found in the occurrence of condemnations due to pleurisy and pneumonia, and significant correlation coefficients were found between the percentage condemnations and air temperature. | 1993 | 8438540 |
| current attitudes and future influences on meat consumption in the u.k. | a survey of 1018 u.k. residents was conducted using the basic structure of the theory of reasoned action along with scenarios of possible future events investigating meat-eating and vegetarianism. over a quarter (28%) of the sample considered themselves to be reducing meat consumption although a comparison of present and retrospective meat consumption indicated that less than a quarter of this group had cut down on a variety of meats in their diets over the past year. the attitudes related to pr ... | 1993 | 8239634 |
| the guinea pig club. | the "guinea pig club" was formed in 1941 by a group of airmen who had sustained grievous injuries--mostly serious burns of the hands and face--and been treated by a team of plastic surgeons led by a remarkable new zealander, archibald mcindoe, at the queen victoria hospital at east grinstead in england. the most senior "guinea pig" was tom gleave, a fighter pilot who had been shot down during the battle of britain, and who carried out his duties as "chief guinea pig" until his death in june 1993 ... | 1994 | 8024526 |
| molecular diversity of campylobacter coli and c. jejuni isolated from pigs at slaughter by flaa-rflp analysis and ribotyping. | a population of porcine isolates of camplobacter jejuni (n = 11) and c. coli (n = 17) were examined for genotypic relatedness employing ribotyping, as well as polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of the flagellin (fla)a gene locus. pcr was employed to amplify a 533 bp fragment from the flaa gene, including the previously described short variable region (svr), employing the novel primers, a2 and al and successfully generated this amplicon for all ... | 2002 | 12449248 |
| vaccination against aujeszky's disease: field experiences. | twelve herds were investigated where outbreaks of clinical aujeszky's disease had occurred. clinical aujeszky's disease was eliminated from all farms following vaccination. after vaccination was stopped in two of the six fattening herds virus was also apparently eradicated, judging from serological examination. these two herds were the smallest of the six fattening farms and size and the throughput of pigs may have contributed to apparent eradication of virus. in two of six breeding farms where ... | 1984 | 6093329 |
| the epidemiology of ascaris suum infections in pigs in northern ireland, 1969-1991. | this paper presents the results of analysis of condemnations of pig livers due to cirrhosis which, in temperature climates, gives an accurate estimation of ascaris suum infections. over the 23 years analysed, a very highly significant upward trend in the prevalence of a. suum is demonstrated. the association between the prevalence and the mean air temperature over the early summer period is highlighted. thorough cleansing of pig units in early spring and at various times during the summer are su ... | 1994 | 8025848 |
| a survey of the viruses of farm animals in northern ireland. | | 1972 | 4345989 |
| serological evidence of the presence of haemagglutinating-encephalitis virus in northern ireland. | | 1971 | 4325010 |
| Referral to an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center and mortality among patients with severe 2009 influenza A(H1N1). | Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can support gas exchange in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but its role has remained controversial. ECMO was used to treat patients with ARDS during the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic. | 2011 | 21976615 |
| influenza-a virus in pigs. | | 1972 | 4115586 |
| apparent reinfection of enzootic-pneumonia-free pig herds: search for possible causes. | in a control scheme for enzootic-pneumonia-free herds, run by the pig health control association, a detailed study was made of 55 herds that developed enzootic pneumonia without a simple explanation. these herds were compared with 57 herds that were still free from enzootic pneumonia in mid-1984. a high standard of precautions against the risk of infection being transferred by people and fomites seemed to confer no obvious benefit. this observation was in keeping with in vitro studies which show ... | 1985 | 4024433 |
| introduction of foreign strains of suid herpesvirus 1 (aujeszky's disease virus) documented by restriction fragment pattern (rfp) analysis. | six isolates of suid herpesvirus 1 (shv-1) collected from clinical outbreaks of aujeszky's disease (ad) in jutland in january-february, 1985, were compared by restriction fragment pattern (rfp) analyses with older shv-1 isolates from jutland as well as with shv-1 isolates from different parts of west germany and ireland. the rfp analysis indicated that the outbreaks were caused by shv-1 isolates introduced from abroad. | 1988 | 2898930 |
| a survey for swine vesicular disease antibody in pigs in northern ireland. | one thousand pig sera from northern ireland were tested using the radial immuno-diffusion (rid) test for antibody to swine vesicular disease (svd) virus. sera showing precipitation in rid were further tested by serum neutralisation (sn) and double immuno-diffusion (did) tests. the results of the rid test showed low levels of antibody present. however, sn and did tests did not prive the specificity of this antibody. it was concluded that the low levels of antibody detected by the rid tests were ... | 1976 | 817381 |
| comparison of human and porcine strains of campylobacter coli. | | 2003 | 12930063 |
| seascape with monkeys and guinea-pigs: britain's biological weapons research programme, 1948-54. | the british biological weapons (bw) research programme based at porton down continued after the second world war. five series of bw experiments with animals at sea were undertaken to supplement laboratory work. the causative organisms for plague, brucellosis, tularemia and later venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis and vaccinia viruses were tested in the caribbean near antigua in the late 1940s, in hebridean waters (north-west scotland) in the early 1950s and off nassau in the bahamas in 1953-54. ... | 2003 | 14703127 |
| contamination of headwater streams in the united kingdom by oestrogenic hormones from livestock farms. | most studies of hormonal activity in rivers have focused on inputs from sewage treatment works (stw), and their consequences for endocrine disruption in fish. it is possible that livestock is contributing to this hormonal activity in rivers. this study represents a search for evidence of steroid hormone contamination in streams associated with livestock farms. the majority of the 10 sites selected were streams running through dairy farms, although some examples of beef, sheep and pigs were inclu ... | 2006 | 16542709 |
| agronomic measures of p, q/i parameters and lysimeter-collectable p in subsurface soil horizons of a long-term slurry experiment. | soils from a long-term slurry experiment established in 1970 at hillsborough, northern ireland, were used in the experiment. the site has a clay loam soil overlying silurian shale. seven treatments were used with three replicate plots per treatment under the following manurial regimes: (1) mineral fertiliser supplying 200 kg n, 32 kg p and 160 kg k ha(-1) yr(-1); (2)-(4) pig slurry applied at 50, 100 or 200 m3 ha(-1) yr(-1); (5)-(7) cow slurry applied at 50, 100 or 200 m3 ha(-1) yr(-1). agronomi ... | 2001 | 11237295 |
| phosphorus quantity-intensity relationships and agronomic measures of p in surface layers of soil from a long-term slurry experiment. | soils from a long-term slurry experiment established in 1970 at hillsborough, northern ireland, were used in the experiment. the site has a clay loam soil overlying silurian shale. seven treatments were used with three replicate plots per treatment. control plots were treated with mineral fertiliser supplying 200 kg n, 32 kg p and 160 kg k ha(-1) yr(-1). slurry treatment plots were in two blocks and treated with either pig or cow slurry supplied at 50, 100 or 200 m3 ha(-1) yr(-1). agronomic meas ... | 2001 | 11237294 |
| incidence, location and interrelationships between the sites of abscesses recorded in pigs at a bacon factory in northern ireland. | the position and incidence of all the abscesses detected during post mortem inspection of 75,130 bacon weight pigs were recorded. abscesses were detected at one site only in 2.87 per cent of the carcases examined, and at more than one site in 0.26 per cent of the carcases. tail biting was the cause of the infection in 61.7 per cent of all the carcases with lesions at more than one site. in almost all cases there was a statistically significant interrelationship between the visible abscesses at d ... | 1996 | 8761973 |
| occurrence of thermophilic campylobacter spp. in porcine liver in northern ireland. | pork liver (400) from bacon pigs (37 herds) obtained at six pork-processing in northern ireland were studied to assess the rate of contamination with campylobacter spp. these animals average 95 to 100 kg live weight. deep tissue areas were sampled immediately postevisceration and revealed that ca. 6% of livers were infected with campylobacter spp., consisting of c. coli (67%), c. jejuni (30%) and c. lari (3%). mean log10 cfu g(-1) for aerobic plate count and coliforms were 3.60 and 2.94 respecti ... | 1998 | 9709202 |
| prevalence of arcobacter spp. in raw milk and retail raw meats in northern ireland. | a 1-year study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of arcobacter spp. in raw milk and retail raw meats on sale in northern ireland. retail raw poultry samples (n = 94), pork samples (n = 101), and beef samples (n = 108) were obtained from supermarkets in northern ireland, and raw milk samples (n = 101) were kindly provided by the milk research laboratory, department of agriculture and rural development, belfast, northern ireland. presumptive arcobacters were identified by previously descr ... | 2006 | 16924929 |
| objective surgical skill assessment: the diagonal operating matrix. | there is an urgent need for structured surgical training and assessment due to the reduction in the training duration with the european working time directive (ewtd). we propose a model for objective skill assessment, the par-diagonal operating matrix (par-dom) which breaks down the task of vascular anastomosis into clearly defined skills. the par-dom is made up of a 3x5 table and progress is made along vectors defined on the x-axis as par and on the y-axis as four levels. par defines three skil ... | 2007 | 17669806 |
| salmonella in slaughter pigs in northern ireland: prevalence and use of statistical modelling to investigate sample and abattoir effects. | a cross-sectional survey of pigs at slaughter in northern ireland was undertaken to determine the overall prevalence of salmonella infection. in total 513 pigs were sampled across four abattoirs, with salmonella spp. isolated from the caecal contents of 31.4% (95% confidence interval [ci] 27.4%-35.4%) and from 40.0% (95% ci 35.8%-44.3%) of swabs taken from the surface of carcasses post-evisceration. two serovars, s. typhimurium and s. derby, were predominant and accounted for 52% and 35% respect ... | 2007 | 17683820 |
| isolation and characterisation of circoviruses from pigs with wasting syndromes in spain, denmark and northern ireland. | a porcine circovirus (pcv) was isolated from tissues of pigs with wasting syndromes from spain, denmark and n. ireland. the antigenic profiles of these viruses were determined by indirect immunofluorescence assays using polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) prepared against previously isolated pcvs. a rapid and convenient pcr-based test was developed and used for the genotyping of these pcv isolates. these pcv isolates were found to be antigenically and genomically similar to prev ... | 1999 | 10227473 |
| an appraisal of the use of meat-juice serology monitoring data for estimating prevalence of cecal salmonella carriage of pigs at slaughter by means of herd-level and animal-level simulation. | some attempts have been made to elucidate the association between positive serology and salmonella detection by bacterial culture in individual pigs and pig herds. this study aimed to appraise whether the existing knowledge on such association provides grounds for the utilization of serology monitoring data for predicting salmonella subclinical infection of pigs entering the abattoir. serology test results of pig carcasses (taken at abattoirs) originating from 436 representative active herds in ... | 2009 | 19350973 |
| coxiella burnetii (q fever) seroprevalence in cattle. | human cases of q fever appear to be common in northern ireland compared to the rest of the british isles. the purpose of this study was to describe the seroepidemiology of coxiella burnetii infection in cattle in northern ireland in terms of seroprevalence and determinants of infection. a total of 5182 animals (from a stratified systematic random sample of 273 herds) were tested with a commercial c. burnetii phase 2 igg elisa. a total of 6.2% of animals and 48.4% of herds tested positively. resu ... | 2010 | 19480726 |
| epidemiology of new influenza a (h1n1) virus infection, united kingdom, april-june 2009. | following the previous report to eurosurveillance on 14 may 2009, the number of confirmed cases of new influenza a(h1n1) has continued to increase in the united kingdom. by 31 may, uk surveillance activities had detected a total of 252 confirmed cases. seventy (28%) were related to travel to the united states and mexico. there is evidence of spread in households, schools and the community with increases in secondary (n=40), tertiary (n=125) and sporadic (n=13) cases. the new influenza a(h1n1) vi ... | 2009 | 19497255 |
| swine flu incidence in england is slowing down. | | 2009 | 19651687 |
| an outbreak of aujeszky's disease in sheep in northern ireland. | an outbreak of aujeszky's disease occurred in a flock of 160 ewes which had been shorn and housed adjacent to pigs which were excreting aujeszky's disease virus. the 29 affected sheep developed either the classical 'mad itch' signs associated with aujeszky's disease in ruminants or signs of encephalitis. aujeszky's disease virus was isolated from the central nervous system of the affected ewes. five farm cats also became ill and died. histological lesions of viral encephalitis were observed in o ... | 1995 | 7676579 |
| q fever in northern ireland. | | 1968 | 5644160 |
| temporal distribution of porcine circovirus 2 genogroups recovered from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome affected and nonaffected farms in ireland and northern ireland. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is now recognized as the essential infectious component of porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). pmws was first recognized in high-status, specific pathogen-free pigs in canada in 1991 and is now an economically important disease that affects the swine industry around the world. recently, reports of genomic studies on pcv2 viruses indicated that 2 distinctive genogroups of pcv2 exist.4,10 this report involves the results of a study on the dis ... | 2007 | 17998555 |
| officials watch events in southern hemisphere as swine flu rates in uk slow down. | | 2009 | 19666683 |
| northern ireland disease surveillance, april to june 2011. | | 2011 | 21936069 |
| production, characterisation and applications of monoclonal antibodies to two novel porcine bocaviruses from swine in northern ireland. | the production, preliminary characterisation and applications of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against two novel swine bocaviruses isolated in cell culture from swine in northern ireland are described. of the 17 stable final clones produced, four were characterised. all were of the igg2a isotype and showed no cross-reactivity with either bocavirus strain. partial neutralisation was observed with pbov4 mabs and homologous virus. the two mabs selected for use in antigen-detecting elisas were succes ... | 2011 | 21947503 |
| detection of high serological prevalence and comparison of different tests for salmonella in pigs in northern ireland. | thirty-one farrow-to-finish pig units with a zoonoses national control programme (zncp) for salmonella above the uk target of 10 per cent during the previous 12 months were selected for the study. pooled faecal samples were collected from different groups of pigs. furthermore, mice, rat and bird faeces and carcases were collected, if found on the unit. in total, 937 samples were collected on-farm and analysed for salmonella. the four carcases selected monthly per producer by the slaughterhouse f ... | 2011 | 21791479 |
| isolation in cell cultures and initial characterisation of two novel bocavirus species from swine in northern ireland. | we report the isolation in cell cultures of two novel bocavirus species in pigs from farms in northern ireland with clinical postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). we have designated the isolates as porcine bocavirus-3 (pbov3) and porcine bocavirus-4 (pbov4). to date 5082 and 4125bps of pbov3 and pbov4 have been sequenced, respectively. pbov3 and pbov4 show nucleotide homology to other known bocaviruses in swine and other organisms. open reading frame (orf) analysis has shown that th ... | 2011 | 21605951 |
| predictive clinicopathological features derived from systematic autopsy examination of patients who died with a/h1n1 influenza infection in the uk 2009-10 pandemic. | from april 2009 to january 2010, the pandemic of a/h1n1 influenza affected the uk. there were > 30,000 infections and 457 deaths (all ages). reports from other countries had indicated that certain comorbidities were associated with a higher risk of death from h1n1 infection, and there was a need to identify these factors in the uk population as knowledge of them could lead to improved treatment in the current epidemic and reduced mortality in future epidemics. | 2010 | 21208548 |
| serovar identification of leptospires of the australis serogroup isolated from free-living and domestic species in the united kingdom. | eighteen isolates from the australis serogroup from free-living and domestic animals were identified using the cross agglutination absorption test. serovar muenchen was found only in england and wales in wood mice, short tailed and bank voles, a grey squirrel and a pig. serovar bratislava was found in hedgehogs in england, wales and northern ireland and also in a brown rat from northern ireland. serovar bratislava was isolated from sheep in both england and northern ireland and from horses in no ... | 1983 | 6622847 |
| porcine circovirus infection in northern ireland. | | 1998 | 9612920 |
| choosing appropriate space allowances for slaughter pigs transported by road: a review. | in the united kingdom pigs can spend up to 11 hours in transit to slaughter but on average travel for two to three hours. in the past, international journeys have lasted up to 40 hours and have been over 900 miles long. there is evidence that pigs, like calves and sheep, but unlike adult cattle, prefer to lie down if provided with suitable conditions, particularly bedding, on the vehicle. they will, however, sometimes stand during short journeys, possibly when excessive vibration or uncomfortabl ... | 1998 | 9602513 |