| epidemiology of spiroplasma citri in the old world. | epidemics of citrus stubborn disease (csd) have been known in the mediterranean citrus-growing areas as early as 1928. one such outbreak of stubborn disease occurred around 1980 in newly established citrus nurseries on the syrian coast. natural transmission of spiroplasma citri could be shown to be involved. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and culture of s. citri were used to detect the presence of s. citri in leafhoppers. over 50 leafhopper species were submitted to these analyses, no ... | 1987 | 3312105 |