| haemaphysalis punctata and ixodes ricinus in a coastal habitat in north wales. | the populations of haemaphysalis punctata and ixodes ricinus on the mynydd mawr national trust reserve, gwynedd, were studied for two years. h. punctata was the more numerous species, being recoverable by blanket dragging over most of the year except for some very short days. there were spring and late summer peaks of activity. it seems probable that the complete life cycle of h punctata takes two or three years in this habitat. the activity of i ricinus was short relative to h punctata, but spr ... | 1981 | 7244372 |
| the occurrence of ixodid ticks on wild mink mustela vision in england and wales. | four species of ticks found to infest 1391 american mink (mustela vison) in britain in five years were, in declining order of frequency, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes canisuga, ixodes ricinus and ixodes acuminatus. ixodes hexagonus and i. canisuga occurred on 40% and 2.5% of mink respectively. infestation rates (the proportion of infested mink) of adult females, nymphs and larvae were similar and tended to be lower in summer. the distribution of infestation size (the number of ticks per host) for adu ... | 1996 | 8994138 |
| distribution of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. spirochaete dna in british ticks (argasidae and ixodidae) since the 19th century, assessed by pcr. | the distribution of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the lyme borreliosis agent, was surveyed in british ticks in the collection of the natural history museum, london. alcohol-preserved specimens of eight species of ticks known to attack humans were studied: ixodes ricinus, i. hexagonus, i. uriae, i. trianguliceps, dermacentor reticulatus, haemaphysalis punctata, rhipicephalus sanguineus and argas vespertilionis. the sample comprised all life stages and originated from a wide range of host speci ... | 1998 | 9513944 |
| field evidence for density-dependent facilitation amongst ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on sheep. | engorged ixodes ricinus nymphs collected from sheep resident in an upland uk field site were significantly lighter than nymphs that engorged on previously tick-naïve sheep, indicating that site-resident sheep continually exposed to ticks acquired anti-tick resistance. the weights of engorged nymphs that fed on naturally tick-resistant sheep increased significantly, however, when increasingly high numbers of adult female ticks fed on the sheep during seasonal peaks of tick activity. this relation ... | 2002 | 11862990 |
| natural ehrlichia phagocytophila transmission coefficients from sheep 'carriers' to ixodes ricinus ticks vary with the numbers of feeding ticks. | in a longitudinal study in a uk upland site, 38% of adult sheep were detected as infected with the tick-borne bacterium ehrlichia phagocytophila by pcr of blood samples. infection prevalence declined significantly with sheep age but varied significantly and non-linearly with the number of adult ixodes ricinus ticks feeding per sheep. these findings suggested that under conditions of natural repeated tick-borne challenge sheep remain partially susceptible to re-infections, but the likelihood of r ... | 2002 | 11862991 |
| a review of studies on the transmission of anaplasma phagocytophilum from sheep: implications for the force of infection in endemic cycles. | we review the findings of a longitudinal study of transmission of the intracellular tick-borne bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum from sheep to ixodes ricinus ticks under natural conditions of tick attachment in the uk. in this study, sheep-to-tick transmission efficiency varied in a quadratic relationship with the number of adult ticks that were feeding on the sheep. we raise the hypothesis that this relationship may be due to conflicting effects of the density of ticks on bacterial survival a ... | 2002 | 14570131 |
| investigation of ecological and environmental determinants for the presence of questing ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) on gower, south wales. | the spatial heterogeneity of questing ixodes ricinus (l.) (acari: ixodidae) within endemic areas in great britain is well established. their presence is acutely responsive to blood host availability and their ability to maintain water balance, which are in turn governed by a variety of ecological and environmental factors. this article details the findings of a 3-yr study on the gower peninsula, south wales, which investigated the contribution of such factors (both ground- and geographic informa ... | 2008 | 18402148 |
| first detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ixodes ricinus and dermacentor reticulatus ticks in the uk. | a preliminary study was conducted to determine the presence of spotted fever rickettsiae in two species of british tick (ixodes ricinus and dermacentor reticulatus). the 16s rrna gene of rickettsia spp. was detected in 39/401 (9·7%) of ticks tested, including 22/338 (6·5%) i. ricinus and 17/63 (27%) d. reticulatus. some positive i. ricinus samples showed 100% homology with rickettsia helvetica (10/22), and most positive d. reticulatus showed 100% homology with r. raoultii (13/17). five other ric ... | 2010 | 21087541 |
| prevalence, distribution and risk associated with tick infestation of dogs in great britain. | current concerns over the potential impacts of climate change and the increased movement between countries of people and companion animals on the distribution of ectoparasites, highlight the need for accurate understanding of existing prevalence patterns. without these future changes will not be detected. here, the distribution and prevalence of tick infestations of domestic dogs in great britain were examined. a total of 173 veterinary practices were recruited to monitor tick attachment to dogs ... | 2011 | 21418263 |