| [human intestinal parasites in subsaharan africa. iii. pemba island (zanzibar-tanzania)]. | the authors carried out a coprological survey in pemba island, analysing, by modified ritchie technique, 413 stools samples. the specimens were collected among the population from apparently healthy subjects chosen at random in a number equal to 2% of the whole population. the examined subjects were divided in 3 age groups, 211 were males, 202 females. the following results were obtained (in order of prevalence): a) protozoa: entamoeba coli 35.6%, giardia intestinalis 5.6%, endolimax nana 4.3%, ... | 1987 | 3508507 |
| evolution of operational research studies and development of a national control strategy against intestinal helminths in pemba island, 1988-92. | intestinal helminthic infections in pemba island, united republic of tanzania, have been perceived as a public health problem for many decades. school surveys in 1988 and 1992 and a community survey in 1991 were carried out to assess the distribution of prevalence and the intensity of these infections and to define the most effective strategy for control. the prevalence of helminthic infections exceeded 85% in all the surveys, and intensity was moderate. these studies identified the high-risk ag ... | 1995 | 7743589 |
| hemoquant determination of hookworm-related blood loss and its role in iron deficiency in african children. | iron deficiency remains the most prevalent form of human malnutrition, and current interventions to control it have not decreased the global prevalence. hookworm control activities are becoming more widely implemented, but the importance of these efforts to prevent anemia in populations is not well-defined. we studied the relationships among hookworm infection, intestinal blood loss, and iron status of 203 zanzibari school children. helminth infection intensity was quantified by fecal egg counts ... | 1996 | 8916795 |
| a comparative trial of a single-dose ivermectin versus three days of albendazole for treatment of strongyloides stercoralis and other soil-transmitted helminth infections in children. | a randomized trial carried out in rural zanzibar comparing a single dose of 200 micrograms/kg of ivermectin and 400 mg/day for three days of albendazole for treatment of strongyloidiasis and other intestinal nematodes is described. in 301 children with strongyloides stercoralis infection, treatment with ivermectin or albendazole resulted in cure rates of 83% and 45%, respectively. while both drugs were very effective against ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura was cured only in 11% (iverme ... | 1996 | 8940976 |
| epidemiology of iron deficiency anemia in zanzibari schoolchildren: the importance of hookworms. | anemia is estimated to affect one-half of school-age children in developing countries. the school years are an opportune time to intervene, and interventions must be based on sound epidemiologic understanding of the problem in this age group. we report on the distribution of iron deficiency and anemia across age, sex, anthropometric indexes, and parasitic infections in a representative sample of 3595 schoolchildren from pemba island, zanzibar. iron status was assessed by hemoglobin, erythrocyte ... | 1997 | 8988928 |
| parasitic infections in pemba island school children. | intestinal helminths, schistosomiasis and malaria have been recognised for decades to be major public health problems in zanzibar, tanzania. during the evaluation of the impact of the zanzibar helminth control programme, baseline parasitological data on 3,605 school children were collected in pemba island. prevalence of intestinal helminth infections was 72%, 94% and 96% for ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and hookworm, respectively. thirty one percent of children tested positive for h ... | 1997 | 9337006 |
| school-based deworming program yields small improvement in growth of zanzibari school children after one year. | efficacy trials of antihelminthic therapies conducted in africa have reported improvements in children's growth, but nutritional evaluations of large-scale deworming programs are lacking. we evaluated the first-year effect on growth of a school-based deworming program in zanzibar, where growth retardation occurs in school children. children in four primary schools were given thrice-yearly mebendazole (500 mg) and compared with children in four schools that received twice-yearly mebendazole and c ... | 1997 | 9349846 |
| effects of the zanzibar school-based deworming program on iron status of children. | we evaluated the effects of the zanzibar school-based deworming program on the iron status of primary school children. parasitologic and nutritional assessments were carried out at baseline, 6 mo, and 12 mo in 4 nonprogram schools (n = 1002), 4 schools in which students received twice-yearly deworming (n = 952), and 4 schools in which students received thrice-yearly deworming (n = 970) with 500 mg generic mebendazole. schools were randomly selected for evaluation and allocated to program groups. ... | 1998 | 9665112 |
| a controlled evaluation of two school-based anthelminthic chemotherapy regimens on intensity of intestinal helminth infections. | school-based deworming programmes have been promoted as a cost-effective strategy for control of nematode infection in developing countries. while numerous efficacy studies have been conducted, there is little information on actual programme effectiveness in areas of intense transmission. | 1999 | 10405869 |
| soil-transmitted nematode infections and mebendazole treatment in mafia island schoolchildren. | in august 2000, a cross-sectional study was performed to assess the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted nematode infections in schoolchildren on mafia island. hookworm infection was widespread (72.5% prevalence) whereas trichuris trichiura was less prevalent (39.7%) and ascaris lumbricoides was present at a low prevalence (4.2%), mainly in urban areas. in a subsample of the study population, both necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale were found, although n. americanus was more pr ... | 2002 | 12537633 |
| efficacy of mebendazole and levamisole alone or in combination against intestinal nematode infections after repeated targeted mebendazole treatment in zanzibar. | to evaluate the efficacy of and resistance to mebendazole (500 mg) and levamisole (40 or 80 mg), alone or in combination, for the treatment of ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and hookworm infections on pemba island - an area exposed to periodic school-based mebendazole treatment since 1994. | 2003 | 12856052 |
| a comparison of methods for detecting the eggs of ascaris, trichuris, and hookworm in infant stool, and the epidemiology of infection in zanzibari infants. | this study compared five methods for detecting the eggs of the human parasitic geohelminths ascaris, trichuris, and hookworm in infant stool, and describes the epidemiology of infection in infants from a parasite-endemic area. a total of 424 infants 5-11 months old were enrolled from three villages on pemba island, zanzibar. methods used included the kato-katz technique, formol ethyl acetate sedimentation, modified formol ethyl acetate sedimentation, modified wisconsin floatation, and simple gra ... | 2007 | 17426179 |
| geophagia is not associated with trichuris or hookworm transmission in zanzibar, tanzania. | geophagia may be harmful as a method for the transmission of geohelminths. in this study, we pose two questions in a representative sample of 970 pregnant women from pemba island, zanzibar, tanzania. can consumed earth be a vector for geohelminth infection? and do geophagists have differential parasitic infection? the parasitological content of 59 non-food substance samples was analysed. cross-sectional data regarding pica behaviour were collected through interviews conducted by local researcher ... | 2007 | 17568644 |
| soil-transmitted helminthiasis among mothers and their pre-school children on unguja island, zanzibar with emphasis upon ascariasis. | soil-transmitted helminthiasis (sth) is a scourge to the health and well-being of infants and pre-schoolchildren throughout many parts of sub-saharan africa. to improve maternal and child health, regular de-worming is recommended and often delivered from mother and child health (mch) clinics, yet there have been few studies monitoring the progress and impact of interventions on local levels of disease. a cross-sectional parasitological survey, supplemented with questionnaires, was therefore cond ... | 2008 | 18775092 |
| diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths in the era of preventive chemotherapy: effect of multiple stool sampling and use of different diagnostic techniques. | soil-transmitted helminth infections are common throughout the tropics and subtropics and they disproportionately affect the poorest of the poor. in view of a growing global commitment to control soil-transmitted helminthiasis, there is a need to elucidate the effect of repeated stool sampling and the use of different diagnostic methods in areas targeted for preventive chemotherapy that are characterized by low-infection intensities. in this study, we focused on schoolchildren on unguja island, ... | 2008 | 18982057 |
| spatial distribution of soil-transmitted helminths, including strongyloides stercoralis, among children in zanzibar. | a programme periodically distributing anthelminthic drugs to school-aged children for the control of soiltransmitted helminthiasis was launched in zanzibar in the early 1990s. we investigated the spatial distribution of soiltransmitted helminth infections, including strongyloides stercoralis, in 336 children from six districts in unguja, zanzibar, in 2007. one stool sample per child was examined with the kato-katz, koga agar plate and baermann methods. the point prevalence of the different helmi ... | 2008 | 19021108 |
| a single flotac is more sensitive than triplicate kato-katz for the diagnosis of low-intensity soil-transmitted helminth infections. | accurate diagnostic tools are pivotal for patient management and surveillance of helminth control programmes, particularly in the current era of preventive chemotherapy. three consecutive stool samples were obtained from 279 schoolchildren from zanzibar, an island where anthelminthic drugs have been administered on a large scale for more than a decade. all stool samples were examined with the kato-katz method. additionally, one sample per child was preserved in sodium acetate-acetic acid-formali ... | 2009 | 19168197 |
| the epidemiology and control of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in schoolchildren on unguja island, zanzibar. | as part of a 4-year control programme beginning in 2003 and entitled piga vita kichocho, around 140,000 school-aged children on unguja island, zanzibar were treated annually with a combination of praziquantel and albendazole. to provide information on the impact of this intervention, a subset of children, originating from 24 sentinel schools, were monitored in 2004, 2005 and 2006 using both parasitological and behavioural questionnaire methods. overall, prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis fell ... | 2009 | 19409588 |
| changing patterns of soil-transmitted helminthiases in zanzibar in the context of national helminth control programs. | helminth control programs have been implemented in zanzibar for over a decade. in june/july 2007, approximately 6 months after the last school-based anthelmintic treatment, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in two schools, and results were compared with data obtained in the same schools in 1994. multiple stool samples collected from 368 school children were subjected to the kato-katz, koga agar plate, and baermann methods. the prevalence of trichuris trichiura, hookworm, ascaris lumbricoi ... | 2009 | 19996439 |
| patterns and risk factors of helminthiasis and anemia in a rural and a peri-urban community in zanzibar, in the context of helminth control programs. | the control of helminth infections and prevention of anemia in developing countries are of considerable public health importance. the purpose of this study was to determine patterns and risk factors of helminth infections and anemia in a rural and a peri-urban community of zanzibar, tanzania, in the context of national helminth control programs. | 2010 | 20485491 |
| a molecular epidemiological investigation of ascaris on unguja, zanzibar using isoenyzme analysis, dna barcoding and microsatellite dna profiling. | ascariasis is of public health importance on the islands of zanzibar (unguja and pemba). to shed light on the molecular epidemiology of this parasite, 68 ascaris worms, obtained from 14 individuals in four ungujan villages, were examined by isoenzyme analysis (isa), dna barcoding and microsatellite dna profiling. isa revealed genetic variation, which was confirmed by dna barcoding. nineteen worms recovered from individuals in uganda were included for comparison. sixteen unique dna barcodes were ... | 2011 | 21605883 |