| detection of geographic isolates of anaplasma marginale, using polyclonal bovine antisera and microfluorometry. | geographically separate united states isolates of anaplasma marginale were differentiated, using polyclonal bovine antiserum and microfluorometry. both isolate-common and restricted antigen-specific antibodies were apparent in sera of splenectomized calves after resolution of infection, as judged by the capability of the antisera to recognize heterologous isolate antigens to a lesser extent than homologous antigens. furthermore, absorption of the antisera with homologous antigens removed homolog ... | 1985 | 3907437 |
| rhinovirus infections in an industrial population. 3. number and prevalence of serotypes. | | 1968 | 4295427 |
| serologic and clinical responses of premunized, vaccinated, and previously infected cattle to challenge exposure by two different anaplasma marginale isolates. | two anaplasma marginale isolates, one originating in florida (fam) and the other from virginia (vam), were compared immunologically by cross-challenge exposure of 14 anaplasma carrier cattle, 8 previously infected cattle, and 6 splenectomized carrier calves. in addition, 28 cattle vaccinated with a commercially available adjuvant killed vaccine and 22 nonvaccinated cattle were challenge exposed with either fam or vam. a detectable clinical response was not produced by either fam or vam challenge ... | 1984 | 6084430 |
| prototheca ecology. | | 1983 | 6835355 |
| brucellosis in a virginia meat-packing plant. | | 1974 | 4821770 |
| brucellosis in the united states, 1960-1972; an abattoir-associated disease. part iii. epidemiology and evidence for acquired immunity. | | 1974 | 4612294 |
| cache valley virus in the del mar va peninsula. 3. serologic evidence for natural infection of dairy cattle. | | 1970 | 4192339 |
| free-living pathogenic and nonpathogenic amoebae in maryland soils. | tests for potentially pathogenic amoebae were carried out on soil samples from the following sites: (i) farmlands fertilized with municipal sewage wastes, (ii) a stream receiving sewage effluent from a sludge lagoon, (iii) a ravine receiving storm runoff from a cattle farm, (iv) farmlands not fertilized with sewage wastes, and (v) a vegetated shoreline of a waterfront estate not used for farming or livestock production. study sites were located on the eastern shore of maryland, bordered to the n ... | 1989 | 2757373 |
| drug residues in food animals. | a total of 292 field investigative reports of drug residues in food animals for 1983 to 1988 were analyzed. the investigations had been conducted by the food and drug administration (fda) and the virginia state veterinarian's office, in cooperation with the center for veterinary medicine of the fda, to trace residues reported by the usda food safety and inspection service to the source of the animal and the administration of the drug. the analysis disclosed the following. (1) antibiotic residues ... | 1989 | 2753793 |
| establishment and characterization of an oklahoma isolate of anaplasma marginale in cultured ixodes scapularis cells. | anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne hemoparasite of cattle worldwide. the virginia isolate of a. marginale was propagated previously in a cell line derived from embryos of the tick, ixodes scapularis. the cultured anaplasma (va-tc) was passaged continuously for over 4 years and retained its infectivity for cattle and antigenic stability. we report herein the continuous in vitro cultivation of a second isolate of a. marginale derived from a naturally infected cow in oklahoma (ok-tc). blood from t ... | 2000 | 10669100 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1989. | in 1989, 4,808 cases of rabies in animals other than human beings were reported to the centers for disease control, 1.8% more (4,724 to 4,808) than in 1988. eighty-eight percent (4,224/4,808) of those affected were wild animals and 12% (584/4,808) were domestic animals. cases were reported from 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico; hawaii remained rabies-free. skunks (1,657) continued to be the most commonly reported rabid wild animal. for the second consecutive year, more cats ( ... | 1990 | 2276949 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium muris-like oocysts among cattle populations of the united states: preliminary report. | as part of a national survey for bovine, cryptosporidium muris oocysts, fecal smears in the form of up to 144, 3- to 5-mm dots per glass slide were prepared from pen samples at dairies and feedlots in the eastern and western united states. acid-fast staining was followed by light microscopic evaluation at x100. samples from 150 dairies numbered 48,810 and those from 30 feedlots, 47,064. positive samples were found at 102 (68%) dairies and 24 (80%) feedlots. overall, prevalence of positive sample ... | 1991 | 1818141 |
| the effect of parasite control on fertility in beef heifers. | the effect of anthelmintic treatment on the growth and conception rate in beef heifers was studied in southwestern virginia, usa. forty mixed-breed heifers were divided into two groups at weaning and placed on experimental pastures. control heifers did not receive anthelmintic treatment, while animals in the treatment group were given ivermectin (200 micrograms kg-1) at the time of allocation to groups in october and again in april the following year. supplemental feed was provided throughout th ... | 1991 | 1788935 |
| use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to monitor the control of staphylococcus aureus mastitis. | conventional culture methods were used to evaluate the ability of an elisa to identify staphylococcus aureus imi. the test was 96% accurate; sensitivity was 90%, and specificity was 97%. the test was used to screen preserved milk samples rapidly in 10 cooperator herds. prevalence of imi was greater than 10% in 6 herds at the first test. average prevalence of cows scoring +2 (suspect) and +3 (positive) was 12.6%. prevalence declined during the 12-mo study. incidence of new imi decreased from 7.9% ... | 1992 | 1560137 |
| forage systems for beef production from conception to slaughter: i. cow-calf production. | six year-round, all-forage, three-paddock systems for beef cow-calf production were used to produce five calf crops during a 6-yr period. forages grazed by cows during spring, summer, and early fall consisted of one paddock of 1) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)-ladino clover (trifolium repens l.) or 2) kentucky blue-grass (poa pratensis l.)-white clover (trifolium repens l.). each of these forage mixtures was combined in a factorial arrangement with two paddocks of either 1) fescue-red ... | 1992 | 1548221 |
| enteric and nasal shedding of bovine torovirus (breda virus) in feedlot cattle. | to assess fecal and nasal shedding patterns of bovine torovirus (botv) in cattle at time of arrival and periodically throughout the first 21 days after arrival at a feedlot. | 2002 | 11911568 |
| forage systems for beef production from conception to slaughter: ii. stocker systems. | fall weaned angus calves grazed stockpiled 1) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), 2) tall fescue-red clover (trifolium pratense l.), or 3) tall fescue-alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) or were barn-fed, 4) tall fescue hay, 5) orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.)-alfalfa hay, or 6) tall fescue silage from late october to early april during each of 5 yr. infection of the fescue with acremonium coenophialum ranged from 0 to 55%. there were two replications each of steers and heifers for each fora ... | 1992 | 1312526 |
| an outbreak of salmonellosis among angus cows in west virginia. | | 1977 | 243335 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1996. | in 1996, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,124 cases of rabies in non-human animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 92% (6,550 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8% (574 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases decreased 9.6% from that of 1995 (7,881 cases). although much of the decline was the result of fewer reported cases of rabies in raccoons, fewer cases were also reported among most g ... | 1997 | 9412679 |
| anaplasma marginale msp1alpha genotypes evolved under positive selection pressure but are not markers for geographic isolates. | anaplasma marginale (order rickettsiales, family anaplasmataceae), a tick-borne pathogen of cattle, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. many geographic isolates of a. marginale occur in the united states and have been identified by major surface protein 1a (msp1a), which varies in sequence and molecular weight due to different numbers of tandem 28- to 29-amino-acid repeats. the present study was undertaken to examine the genetic variations among isolates of a. marginale ... | 2003 | 12682152 |
| impact of environmental regulations on cattle production. | a greater focus of legislative mandates is directed toward nonpoint sources of pollution. this article focuses on environmental regulations and their impact on cattle production. key legislation will be reviewed to stress how variations in the type of law, degree of impact, enforcement mechanism, and time line for compliance affect the ability for research to be designed and accomplished in a desired time frame and to yield data on which imposed management practices should be based. science-base ... | 1996 | 8994924 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1995. | in 1995, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,877 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 92% (7,247 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8% (630 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases decreased 4.2% from that of 1994 (8,230 cases). most of the decline was the result of 17.1% fewer reported cases of rabies in raccoons in areas of the northeast, where rabies is now e ... | 1996 | 8960176 |
| fibrin sealant in the united states: clinical use at the university of virginia. | fibrin sealant use in the united states has been limited because of the lack of a commercially available, government approved product. however, the significant need and usefulness of this material at the time of surgical operations has stimulated alternative sources of production. at the university of virginia, the blood bank produces concentrated single donor or autologous fibrinogen for use with commercially available bovine thrombin in order to make fibrin sealant. the hemostatic and adhesive ... | 1995 | 8578510 |
| clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis associated with corned beef served at st. patrick's day meals--ohio and virginia, 1993. | clostridium perfringens is a common infectious cause of outbreaks of foodborne illness in the united states, especially outbreaks in which cooked beef is the implicated source. this report describes two outbreaks of c. perfringens gastroenteritis following st. patrick's day meals in ohio and virginia during 1993. | 1994 | 8309462 |
| prevalence of enterocytozoon bieneusi in post-weaned dairy calves in the eastern united states. | fecal specimens were obtained from 3- to 8-month-old post-weaned dairy calves on farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. after removal of fecal debris by sieving and density gradient centrifugation, 59 of 452 calves (13%) from 11 farms in six states were found positive for enterocytozoon bieneusi by pcr and dna sequence analysis. based on gene sequence data this genotype of e. bieneusi found in post-weaned calves was 100% identical to that found ... | 2004 | 15170566 |
| prevalence of giardia duodenalis genotypes in pre-weaned dairy calves. | to determine the prevalence of giardia genotypes in pre-weaned dairy calves, fecal samples were collected from a minimum of 18, 1-7-week-old dairy calves per farm on two farms each in the states of vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. samples cleaned of fecal debris and concentrated using cscl density gradient centrifugation were stained and examined by immunofluorescence microscopy and also subjected to pcr and gene sequence analysis. prevalence by p ... | 2004 | 15381298 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2003. | during 2003, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,170 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the cdc. this represents a 10% decrease from the 7,967 cases in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings reported in 2002. more than 91 (n = 6,556) were in wild animals, and 8.6% (614) were in domestic species (compared with 92.5% in wild animals and 74% in domestic species in 2002). the relative contributions of the major groups of animals were as follows: 2,635 raccoons ... | 2004 | 15643834 |
| prevalence and genotypes of giardia duodenalis in post-weaned dairy calves. | to determine the prevalence of giardia genotypes in post-weaned dairy calves, fecal specimens were collected from 3 to 11-month-old dairy calves per farm on two farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. specimens cleaned of fecal debris and concentrated using cscl density gradient centrifugation were stained and examined by immunofluorescence microscopy and also subjected to pcr and dna sequence analysis. overall, pcr provided more sensitive detec ... | 2005 | 15925721 |
| response to selection for milk yield in holsteins. | data were collected for 11 yr in five institutional herds in virginia to determine the response to selection for milk yield and to examine correlated response in other traits. a randombred control population allowed separation of genetic and environmental effects. the genetic base was the same for both control and selection groups, and little directional selection took place in the control population. the control line was generated from 12 sire lines initiated by 8 unproven sires sampled by arti ... | 1982 | 7153396 |
| breeding programs of dairymen selecting holstein sires by computer. | a computerized linear program (maxbull) selects groups of sires to attain or exceed goals of dairymen and maximize weighted average predicted difference for milk. goals for 196 dairymen with holsteins in the spring of 1982 averaged -.05 predicted difference fat percent, .85 difference type, $17.52 per unit, and percents net superiority 29, 35, 36, 27, 33, and 46 for descriptive traits udder support, rear udder, fore udder, teats, hind legs, and feet. percent net superiority is the percentage of ... | 1983 | 6687728 |
| prevalence and genotypes of giardia duodenalis in 1-2 year old dairy cattle. | to determine the prevalence of giardia genotypes in 12-24 month old dairy heifers, fecal specimens were collected from two farms each in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. specimens, cleaned of fecal debris and concentrated using cscl density gradient centrifugation, were subjected to pcr and dna sequence analysis. prevalence of giardia infection, ranged from 11% to 75% on 14 farms with an average prevalence of 36% (204 positive cattle out of 571 ex ... | 2006 | 16647818 |
| flow cytometric evaluation of selected antimicrobial efficacy for clearance of anaplasma marginale in short-term erythrocyte cultures. | the tick-borne rickettsia, anaplasma marginale, causes the economically important cattle disease anaplasmosis. once infected, cattle remain lifelong carriers. herein, we used flow cytometry to test the efficacy of three antimicrobials; oxytetracycline, imidocarb and enrofloxacin against virginia (vgn) or oklahoma (ok) a. marginale isolates in short-term erythrocyte cultures. parasite viability was assessed using the vital dye hydroethidine (he), which is detectable when living organisms convert ... | 2006 | 16669861 |
| parasites, diseases, and health status of sympatric populations of sika deer and white-tailed deer in maryland and virginia. | in july 1981, investigations on parasites, diseases, and herd health status were conducted on sympatric populations of sika deer (cervus nippon) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from blackwater national wildlife refuge (maryland) and chincoteague national wildlife refuge (virginia) on the delmarva peninsula. five adult deer of each species were collected from each location and subjected to thorough necropsy examinations and laboratory tests. white-tailed deer at both locations harb ... | 1983 | 6644934 |
| host-feeding patterns of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) collected from livestock in virginia, usa. | | 1983 | 6644753 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium species and genotypes in mature dairy cattle on farms in eastern united states compared with younger cattle from the same locations. | feces collected from 541 milking cows on two dairy farms each in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida were examined for the presence of cryptosporidium oocysts. oocysts were concentrated from 15 g of feces from each cow and dna was extracted. a two-step nested pcr protocol was used to amplify an 830 base pair fragment of the ssurrna gene. pcr-positive products were purified and sequenced. pcr-positive findings were obtained from cows in all seven state ... | 2007 | 17287086 |
| calf mortality in virginia dairy herd improvement herds. | information concerning heifer calf mortality and dairy herd management practices was obtained by survey of 407 virginia dairy herd improvement herds. dairy producers, with the assistance of dairy herd improvement supervisors, accounted for mortality of all heifer calves born from october 1, 1978 to march 31, 1979. calf mortality was compared among herd sizes, fat and milk production, cow and calf housing systems, calving locations, and calf feeding practices. average herd size was 82 cows with 8 ... | 1984 | 6539347 |
| enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in dairy cattle in the eastern united states. | fecal specimens were obtained from 12-24-month-old dairy heifers on farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. pcr positive specimens for enterocytozoon bieneusi were found in 131 of 571 heifers examined (23%) and on all the farms visited. the prevalence of e. bieneusi varied considerably across farms, with the lowest prevalence (4.7%) on md-2 and the highest prevalence (37.8%) on ny-2. all pcr positive specimens that amplified the its region as we ... | 2005 | 16167161 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2006. | during 2006, 49 states and puerto rico reported 6,940 cases of rabies in animals and 3 cases in humans to the cdc, representing an 8.2% increase from the 6,417 cases in animals and 1 case in a human reported in 2005. approximately 92% of the cases were in wildlife, and 8% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,615 raccoons (37.7%), 1,692 bats (24.4%), 1,494 skunks (21.5%), 427 foxes (6.2%), 318 cats (4.6%), 82 cattle (1.2%), and 79 dogs (1. ... | 2007 | 17696853 |
| enterocytozoon bieneusi in mature dairy cattle on farms in the eastern united states. | fecal specimens were obtained from mature milking cows on farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-positive specimens for enterocytozoon bieneusi were found in 24 of 541 cows examined (4.4%) and on 12 of 14 farms. the prevalence of e. bieneusi varied considerably from farm to farm, with the lowest prevalence (2.3%) on fl-2 and the highest prevalence (12.5%) on vt-2. none of the cows exhibited signs of diarrhea. all ... | 2007 | 17899197 |
| culicoides variipennis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) complex in virginia. | immature culicoides variipennis (coquillett) were sampled from aquatic habitats throughout virginia, reared to adults, and examined by isozyme electrophoresis to assess their taxonomic status. data from 22 counties showed that c. v. variipennis is widespread and common, the predominant taxon throughout virginia, and genetically similar to c. v. variipennis in maryland. because c. v. variipennis is considered an inefficient vector of the bluetongue viruses, this observation is consistent with the ... | 1998 | 9775615 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 1997. | in 1997, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 8,509 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 93% (7,899) were wild animals, whereas 7% (610) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases increased 19.4% from that of 1996 (7,128 cases). increases were apparent in each of the major species groups, with the exception of cattle. the relative contributions of these groups to the total ... | 1998 | 9861958 |
| the availability of state-level data on interstate cattle movements in the united states. | knowledge about the patterns of animal movement--particularly feeder-cattle movement--within the usa is necessary in order to anticipate how diseases might be spread geographically. this study was conducted to explore the availability of interstate-level movement data which might be used to develop a more coherent national picture of interstate feeder-cattle movement. state statistical offices of the national agricultural statistics service, 1996 (nass) and departments of agriculture in all 50 s ... | 1998 | 9879593 |
| results of a nationwide survey to determine feedstuffs fed to lactating dairy cows. | a nationwide survey to determine feedstuffs used in the diets of dairy cows was conducted. this survey was mailed to dairy nutritionists at universities in each state to describe the use of 144 feedstuffs. twenty-eight states responded and were grouped by region as follows: northeast (maine, maryland, new hampshire, new york, ohio, vermont, and west virginia), northwest (idaho, oregon, and washington), midwest (iowa, illinois, michigan, minnesota, missouri, nebraska, north dakota, south dakota, ... | 1999 | 10068966 |
| determining sources of fecal pollution in a rural virginia watershed with antibiotic resistance patterns in fecal streptococci. | nonpoint sources of pollution that contribute fecal bacteria to surface waters have proven difficult to identify. knowledge of pollution sources could aid in restoration of the water quality, reduce the amounts of nutrients leaving watersheds, and reduce the danger of infectious disease resulting from exposure to contaminated waters. patterns of antibiotic resistance in fecal streptococci were analyzed by discriminant and cluster analysis and used to identify sources of fecal pollution in a rura ... | 1999 | 10584013 |
| differentiated dairy grazing intensity in the northeast. | as the dairy industry in the northeast experienced difficult economic conditions in the 1990s, grazing was increasingly viewed as an option for feeding dairy cattle. this analysis used a large sample of dairy farms randomly drawn from three states (pennsylvania, vermont, and virginia) in early 1997 to compare important aspects of the farming operations for four distinct grazing systems: continuous, traditional, moderately intensive, and intensive. farmers who used intensive grazing tended to be ... | 2000 | 10791801 |
| risk factors for clinical salmonellosis in virginia, usa cattle herds. | veterinarians working in several virginia, usa counties noticed an increase in clinical salmonellosis in cattle herds during 1994. we conducted a case-control study to identify potential risk factors for salmonellosis in cattle herds in this region. the potential impact of exposure to poultry-related factors was of particular interest because of the close proximity of poultry and cattle operations in this part of the state. information was collected from 23 case farms and 23 control farms matche ... | 2001 | 11311958 |
| fibrin sealant: clinical use and the development of the university of virginia tissue adhesive center. | the utilization of fibrin sealants to augment hemostasis, seal tissues, and facilitate targeted delivery of drugs is increasing. in 1985, a hospital-based program was established to provide autologous and allogeneic cryoprecipitate that serves as a fibrin sealant when combined with bovine thrombin. to date, more than 4,000 patients have been treated with this product at our institution, with an efficacy rate greater than 90%. collaboration among surgical services and the blood bank fostered mult ... | 2001 | 11314860 |
| managing replacement stock within the environment of the south--plant, soil, and animal interactions: a review. | the south extends from the atlantic coast and the gulf of mexico north through virginia and kentucky and west to the 100th meridian, which extends through texas and oklahoma. the soils, environment, and range of adapted forage species offer many and varied opportunities for designing forage-livestock systems for rearing replacement stock. anti-quality factors of concern when using forages for replacement stock include the presence of acremonium coenophialum (morgan-jones and gams) in tall fescue ... | 1993 | 8270541 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2009. | during 2009, 49 states and puerto rico reported 6,690 rabid animals and 4 human rabies cases to the cdc, representing a 2.2% decrease from the 6,841 rabid animals and 2 human cases reported in 2008. approximately 92% of reported rabid animals were wildlife. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,327 (34.8%) raccoons, 1,625 (24.3%) bats, 1,603 (24.0%) skunks, 504 (75%) foxes, 300 (4.5%) cats, 81 (1.2%) dogs, and 74 (1.1%) cattle. compared with 2008, numbers of rabid ... | 2010 | 20839985 |
| survey of nutritional management practices and metabolic disorders in west virginia dairy herds. | sixteen farmers, representing three major dairy counties in west virginia, were interviewed to determine current dairy management practices. herd health records were used to determine the incidence of metabolic and digestive disorders. all feedstuffs used on these farms were sampled for chemical analyses. the total number of cows on the 16 farms surveyed was 1870 with an average herd size of 117 and 6387 kg milk produced per cow per year. fourteen of the 16 farmers used forage testing services, ... | 1985 | 4019888 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium sp. isolated from northern alaskan caribou (rangifer tarandus). | cryptosporidium sp. was found in 3 out of 49 caribou (rangifer tarandus) from northern alaska. segments of both the 18s ribosomal rna and the heat shock protein genes were amplified from the caribou isolate and compared with that obtained from an isolate from a wild white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in virginia as well as other species and isolates available from genbank. analyses showed the white-tailed deer isolate to be identical with the c. parvum cattle genotype; however, the carib ... | 2002 | 12053974 |
| first detection of microsporidia in dairy calves in north america. | fecal specimens were obtained from a total of 413 dairy calves from farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. after removal of fecal debris by sieving and density gradient centrifugation, specimens were examined by fluorescence microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and dna sequencing analysis for the presence of microsporidia. microscopic examination revealed no spores. pcr using generic primers for microsporidia revealed 70 positive calves ... | 2003 | 12739131 |
| spatial distribution of nitrogen on grazed karst landscapes. | the impact on water quality by agricultural activity in karst terrain is an important consideration for resource management within the appalachian region. karst areas comprise about 18% of the region"s land area. an estimated one-third of the region"s farms, cattle, and agricultural market value are located on karst terrain. mean nitrate concentrations in several karst springs in southeastern west virginia exhibit a strong linear relationship with the percentage of agriculture land cover. develo ... | 2001 | 12805831 |
| helping out in bhopal. | | 1984 | 6504165 |
| molecular characterization of enterocytozoon bieneusi in cattle indicates that only some isolates have zoonotic potential. | in this study, 338 fecal samples were analyzed for enterocytozoon bieneusi from cattle farms in florida, maryland, michigan, new york, north carolina, pennsylvania, virginia, and portugal. the internal transcribed spacer region (392 bp) of the rrna gene of e. bieneusi was amplified using a nested pcr protocol. thirty-two e. bieneusi-pcr positive samples were sequenced. a high degree of genetic polymorphism, represented by five distinct genotypes (beb1-beb5), was found among the e. bieneusi isola ... | 2004 | 14727187 |
| tasco-forage: ii. monocyte immune cell response and performance of beef steers grazing tall fescue treated with a seaweed extract. | effects of applying tasco-forage, an ascophyllum nodosum seaweed-based product prepared by a proprietary process, to endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum [morgan-jones and gams] glenn, bacon, and hanlin)-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) were studied in each of 3 yr (1995, 1996, and 1997) in virginia and in 1996 and 1997 in mississippi. there were 48 steers at each location in each year (n = 240) in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with two replications at ea ... | 2001 | 11325176 |
| development of bacteria and benthic total maximum daily loads: a case study, linville creek, virginia. | two total maximum daily load (tmdl) studies were performed for linville creek in rockingham county, virginia, to address bacterial and benthic impairments. the tmdl program is an integrated watershed management approach required by the clean water act. this paper describes the procedures used by the center for tmdl and watershed studies at virginia tech to develop the linville creek tmdls and discusses the key lessons learned from and the ramifications of the procedures used in these and other s ... | 2005 | 16151238 |
| tasco-forage: iii. influence of a seaweed extract on performance, monocyte immune cell response, and carcass characteristics in feedlot-finished steers. | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) infected with the endophyte neotyphodium coenophialum ([morgan-jones and gams] glenn, bacon, and hanlin) causes fescue toxicosis in cattle grazing the forage, but effects of the endophyte were considered to be abated soon after removal of the animals from pastures. tasco-forage, a proprietary extract from the brown seaweed ascophyllum nodosum, is a known source of cytokinins and has increased antioxidant activity in both plants and the animals that graze ... | 2001 | 11325177 |
| variation in eimeria oocyst count and species composition in weanling beef heifers. | rectal fecal samples were collected daily on 10 consecutive days in november 2004 from 11 weaned beef heifers to assess daily variation in fecal oocyst count and species composition. subsequent samples were collected from the same animals on 15 april 2005 and 9 june 2005. oocyst numbers were determined by the modified mcmaster's test, and species were identified by examination of oocysts recovered with the wisconsin sugar flotation technique. soil samples were collected from the heifer pasture o ... | 2006 | 17152965 |
| benthic macroinvertebrate responses to increasing levels of cattle grazing in blue ridge mountain streams, virginia, usa. | the relationship between benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and cattle density was assessed from fall 2002 through spring 2004 in five small streams that represented a gradient of cattle grazing intensity. all study stream reaches were in pasture with no woody riparian vegetation, but varied in the intensity of cattle grazing (0 cattle ha(-1) at site 1 to 2.85 cattle ha(-1) at site 5). regression analysis indicated highly significant and strong macroinvertebrate metric responses to cattle den ... | 2007 | 17171273 |
| can we identify key characteristics associated with grazing-management dairy systems from survey data? | discriminant analysis was used to identify farms using confinement and grazing-production systems from mail survey data of 2074 dairy farmers in pennsylvania, vermont, virginia, and north carolina. survey respondents included 45.1% of the farms using confinement management; 13.5% of farms practicing intensive grazing, defined as moving cows to new pasture at least every 3 d; and 41.4% of farms using nonintensive grazing. farmers using confinement management had significantly more cows, higher mi ... | 2004 | 15328301 |
| microbial source tracking in a rural watershed dominated by cattle. | antibiotic resistance analysis (ara), frequency of sampling, and seasonality were evaluated in a rural virginia watershed dominated by cattle. the selected watershed (mill creek) was 3767 ha in size, included two small communities (one sewered and one unsewered), and several farms that when combined contained over 3800 beef and dairy cattle. monthly monitoring of fecal coliforms at two sampling sites in mill creek from january to december, 2001, revealed that the recreational standard (1000 colo ... | 2007 | 17582454 |
| ultrastructure characteristics of besnoitia darlingitachyzoites brumpt, 1913 (protozoa: sarcocystidae) of the michigan strain mibd1. | tachyzoites of besnoitia darlingi brumpt, 1913 were redescribed based on new materials isolated from virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana, kerr) from michigan, u.s.a. tachyzoites of the mibd1 strain were propagated in bovine turbinate cell culture for more than two years. a comparison with previously described tachyzoites of the b. darlingi op1 strain from mississippi, usa revealed some morphological differences despite the remarkable genetic homogeneity between the two b. darlingi strains. m ... | 2007 | 18383798 |
| cryptosporidium source tracking in the potomac river watershed. | to better characterize cryptosporidium in the potomac river watershed, a pcr-based genotyping tool was used to analyze 64 base flow and 28 storm flow samples from five sites in the watershed. these sites included two water treatment plant intakes, as well as three upstream sites, each associated with a different type of land use. the uses, including urban wastewater, agricultural (cattle) wastewater, and wildlife, posed different risks in terms of the potential contribution of cryptosporidium oo ... | 2008 | 18776033 |
| evaluation in appalachian pasture systems of the 1996 (update 2000) national research council model for weaning cattle. | this study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the national research council's (2000) nutrient requirements of beef cattle computer model when used to predict calf performance during on-farm pasture or dry-lot weaning and backgrounding. calf performance was measured on 22 farms in 2002 and 8 farms in 2003 that participated in west virginia beef quality assurance sale marketing pools. calves were weaned on pasture (25 farms) or dry-lot (5 farms) and fed supplemental hay, haylage, ground she ... | 2006 | 16612031 |
| trends for conception rate of holsteins over time in the southeastern united states. | the purpose of this study was to estimate trends in conception rate (cr) of holsteins in the southeastern united states over time across month by milk production level and month by days in milk (dim) subclasses. data were obtained from dairy records management systems (raleigh, nc) and included service records from 10 states (virginia, kentucky, north carolina, south carolina, tennessee, georgia, florida, alabama, mississippi, and louisiana). after eliminating records with lactation >1 and uncer ... | 2009 | 19700727 |
| comparison of the microbial quality of ground beef and ground beef patties from internet and local retail markets. | this study evaluated the microbial quality of ground beef and ground beef patties sold at local (virginia) and internet (u.s.) retail markets. a total of 152 ground beef products, consisting of locally purchased raw ground beef (lrg) and frozen beef patties (lfp) and internet-procured frozen ground beef (ifg) and frozen beef patties (ifp), were tested. results showed that lfp had significantly lower levels of aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophs, and coliforms than lrg, ifg, and ifp. furthermore, i ... | 2009 | 19722408 |
| the genetic relationship of body weight and early-lactation health disorders in two experimental herds. | the objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for body weight (bw) and bw change (bwc) and genetic correlations of bw and bwc with diseases and genomic predicted transmitting abilities (pta) of productive and conformation traits of holsteins during the first 120 dim. daily bw data were from the afiweigh cow body weighing system (sae afikim, kibbutz afikim, israel), which records bw as a cow exits the milking parlor. disease categories included metabolic diseases, ketosis, infe ... | 2010 | 20172239 |
| species of cryptosporidium detected in weaned cattle on cow-calf operations in the united states. | to determine the species and distribution of cryptosporidium in weaned beef calves in the united states, fecal specimens were collected from 819 cattle between 6 and 18 months of age from 49 operations in 20 states (alabama, california, colorado, georgia, idaho, iowa, kansas, louisiana, mississippi, missouri, nebraska, new mexico, north dakota, oklahoma, oregon, south dakota, tennessee, texas, virginia, and wyoming). fresh feces, collected either from the ground or directly from the rectum of ea ... | 2010 | 20338690 |
| prevalence and concentration of cryptosporidium oocysts in beef cattle paddock soils and forage. | cryptosporidium is a parasitic protozoan of great interest because of its widespread occurrence in surface waters, high degree of infectivity, and difficulty of risk management associated with its presence and control. information about environmental loading and seasonal prevalence of cryptosporidium oocysts is important for development of watershed management plans to protect public health. healthy adult beef cattle are known to shed oocysts into the environment, and cryptosporidium oocysts are ... | 2010 | 20353289 |
| selection for twinning in a grade aberdeen-angus herd. | | 1964 | 14154501 |
| antigenic relationship of turkey coronavirus isolates from different geographic locations in the united states. | the purpose of the present study was to examine the antigenicity of turkey coronavirus (tcv) isolates from various geographic areas with antibodies to different viruses. seventeen isolates of tcv were recovered from intestinal samples submitted to animal disease diagnostic laboratory, purdue university, from turkey farms located in different geographic areas. the prototype tcv minnesota isolate (tcv-atcc) was obtained from the american type culture collection. intestinal sections were prepared f ... | 2002 | 12061660 |
| serologic survey of cattle in the northeastern and north central united states, virginia, alaska, and hawaii for antibodies to cache valley and antigenically related viruses (bunyamwera serogroup virus). | bovine sera from northeastern states (connecticut, delaware, maine, maryland, massachusetts, new york, pennsylvania, vermont, and west virginia), north central states (indiana, illinois, iowa, kentucky, michigan, minnesota, north dakota, ohio, south dakota, and wisconsin), virginia, alaska, and hawaii were examined for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to cache valley (cv), lokern (lk), main drain (md), northway (nw), and tensaw (ts) viruses. microneutralization tests were performed using ... | 2002 | 12363055 |
| surveillance and movements of virginia opossum (didelphis virginiana) in the bovine tuberculosis region of michigan. | wildlife reservoir hosts of bovine tuberculosis (btb) include eurasian badgers (meles meles) and brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula) in the uk and new zealand, respectively. similar species warrant further investigation in the northern lower peninsula of michigan, usa due to the continued presence of btb on cattle farms. most research in michigan, usa has focused on interactions between white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and cattle (bos taurus) for the transmission of the infectious ... | 2013 | 23531427 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2007. | summary: during 2007, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,258 cases of rabies in animals and 1 case in a human to the cdc, representing a 4.6% increase from the 6,940 cases in animals and 3 cases in humans reported in 2006. approximately 93% of the cases were in wildlife, and 7% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,659 raccoons (36.6%), 1,973 bats (27.2%), 1,478 skunks (20.4%), 489 foxes (6.7%), 274 cats (3.8%), 93 dogs (1.3%), and 57 ca ... | 2008 | 18795848 |
| phalaris arundinacea (reed canarygrass) grass staggers in beef cattle. | four adult mixed-breed beef cows from a cow-calf operation in west virginia were referred to the virginia-maryland regional college of veterinary medicine in march 2009 with weakness, ataxia, hind limb paresis progressing to lateral recumbency, and death within 2-3 days. histologically, there was accumulation of light brown, granular pigment in neurons of the ventral gray horns of the spinal cord (more severe in thoracic and lumbar sections), brain stem, and pons, resulting in distortion and bul ... | 2010 | 20807948 |
| observations on besnoitiosis in virginia opossum (didelphis virginiana) from michigan, usa. | besnoitia tissue cysts were found in five naturally-infected adult opossums (didelphis virginiana) from michigan. details of the microscopy, histopathology, ultra-structure, and genetic features of the cysts were studied to identify their species-specific traits. the materials were differentiated phenotypically from cysts of other besnoitia spp. by difference in size, pattern of tissue distribution, morphology of pellicle and nucleus, number of micronemes and rhoptries, amount of lipids and amyl ... | 2007 | 17580564 |
| evaluating wildlife-cattle contact rates to improve the understanding of dynamics of bovine tuberculosis transmission in michigan, usa. | direct and indirect contacts among individuals drive transmission of infectious disease. when multiple interacting species are susceptible to the same pathogen, risk assessment must include all potential host species. bovine tuberculosis (btb) is an example of a disease that can be transmitted among several wildlife species and to cattle, although the potential role of several wildlife species in spillback to cattle remains unclear. to better understand the complex network of contacts and factor ... | 2016 | 27931926 |
| farm business and operator variables associated with bulk tank somatic cell count from dairy herds in the southeastern united states. | mastitis is a worldwide problem in dairy cows and results in reduced milk production, the culling of cows, and other economic losses. bulk tank somatic cell count (btscc) over 200,000 cells/ml often indicates underlying subclinical mastitis in dairy herds. several preventative measures that can be implemented to help improve the incidence of mastitis exist, but surveys find these practices not fully adopted by producers. the goal of this research was to analyze the farm and operator characterist ... | 2017 | 28865858 |